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A NEW MAP AND GAZETTEER 

OK TUK 

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 

Engraved on Steel, 
PUBLISHED BY SHERMAN & SMITH, 

122 Broadway, corner of Cedar street, New York. 

This is the Largest and most Complete Map of the United States 
everpubhshed i^eins about 6 feet by 7, sliowiii- the Base 
Meridian, and Townsiiip Lines of the United States Sn?' 
veys, the Land allotted to the different hidian Tribes 
west of the Mississippi River— Also, the Dis- 
tricts and Township Lines of Canada : 

ALL BEING COMPILED FROM THE MOST RECENT SURVEYS. AND OTHP-R 
AUTHENTIC SOURCES. OIHER 



The above Work obtained the highest Premium at the late Fair 
oj the American Institute. 

THIS MAP IS ACCOMPANIED BY A NEW 

GAZETTEER OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 

^^?;i!i,n5' P'''''"''''/^'' *^^ U'"'«'l S^^tes and its Topography con- 
T. wn^ VnTT ^^*^*^"1''|«» «f over six thousand more Comn e" 
aown. Post-othces.etc, than are found in any preceding Gazetteer 
The authors and compilers have used every available means within 



RECOMMENDATIONS : 

Recommendation of the Regents of the University of the State of 

JVew York. 

Which report was unanimously agreed to. (A codv ) 

(^^""^'^'^ _^ T. ROME^N Bg&k, Sec'y. 

From the ^Tew York Commercial Advertiser. 
been mfhl^.L'!]"'' ^^"iPlete Gazetteer of the Republic that has ever 



Report of the Committee of the American Institute of the City of 

J\'ew York, on 

"A Complete Descriptive and Statistical GAZETTEER OF THE 
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, with an Abstract ofthe Census 
of 1840. By Danikl Haskel, A. M., late President of the University 
of Vermont, and J. Calvin Smith, Geographer, and author of a New 
Map of the United States, &c." 

The Committee respectfully recommend the above entitled work to 
the favorable notice of the Institute, as one exhibiting great labor and 
industry, directed with much intelligence and method to a highly use- 
ful object. The Committee feel warranted in asserting their belief that 
it will be found to contain the most authentic account of the existing 
Geography of the United States, that can be found in anyone book. 
Signed by the Committee : 

JAMES REN WICK, 
Prof, of Nat. Phil, and Chem. in Columbia College. N. Y, 
EDWIN WILLIAMS, 
Author N. Y. Ann. Register. 
WILLIAM SERRILL. 



From the J^ew York Courier Sr Enquirer. j 

Messrs. Sherman & Smith, 122 Broadway, have just completed the \ 
noblest Map of the United States that has yet been published, and one j 
which will do equal honor to the enterprising and ingenious men who ; 
have expended so much money and labor in its execution, and to the ; 
country. As a work of mere art, it is exceedingly beautiful ; but as an i 
accurate and faithful delineation of the country-, in all its aspects, geo- 
graphical and political, it is entitled to the very highest praise. j 

From the JVew York Tribune. 
We have no other Gazetteer in this country at all comparable with ' 
this, whether for comprehensiveness or correctness. In no other work ^ 
in existence can so large an amount of minute, accurate, and desirable ■ 
information be found, nor in any collection of works, at a price compa- ; 
rable with this. 'I 

From HunVs Merchants' Magazine, JVew York. ^ 

The design of this work is to exhibit the present condition of the 
United States— its progress in agriculture, in commerce, in manufac- 
tures, and in general improvement ; and well and truly is this design ^ 
accomplished. It is, without exception, the best work of the kind ; 
extant. i 



From the JVew York Observer. • i 

The authors and compilers are among the most competent to their 
task, possessing great facilities for the preparation of such a work, and 
the volume is the result of very mature and laborious investigation and I 
inquiry. 



THE 



ILLUSTRATED HAND-BOOK, 



Jltu) ©uibc for Sraotlcrs 



THROUGH THE 

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: 

CONTAINING A 

DESCRIPTION OF THE STATES, CITIES, TOWNS, VILLAGES, WATERING 

PLACES, COLLEGES, ETC., ETC. ; WITH THE RAILROAD, STAGE, 

AND STEAMBOAT ROUTES, THE DISTANCES FROM PLACE 

TO PLACE, AND THE FARES ON THE GREAT 

TRAVELING ROUTES, 

SEmbellisljeti toiti) 125 |)i!jl)I» ftnfsl)ctj HnarabfitQSf. 

ACCOMPANIED BY 

A LARGE AND ACCURATE MAP. 
BY J. CALVIN SMITH. 




NEW YORK: 
PUBLISHED BY SHERMAN & SMITH, 



122 Broadway, cor. Cedar-street. 



/^;<^. 






'/^-e_ 



To Publishers.— The proprietors of this work, having bsen 
at great expense in collecting the matter contained in this volume, 
which is mostly original, would respectfully remind persons 
who are getting up similar publications, that the copyright has 
been regularly secured according to the Act of the United States 
Congress. 

To Booksellers and Dealers.— Any person or persons selling 
copies of a work which is an infringement of an existing copy- 
right, are liable to a fine on each copy sold by them. 

Persons purchasing copies of a foreign publication which is 
an infringement of this work, are reminded that such copies are 
liable to seizure and forfeiture at the Custom House. 

SHERMAN & SMITH. 



Entered accorjing- to Act of Congress, in the year 1846, by 

SHERMAN & SMITH, 

In tlie Clcrk'a Office of the District Court of the United States for the Soulhenj 



District of New York. 



t>^p t'^l 



PREFACE 



In presenting to the public a work like the present, it is ex- 
pected that the compiler should give some account of the grounds 
on which he rests his claim to attention. The materials for this 
little volume have mostly been drawn from official documents and 
from information procured by agents who have travelled over 
most of the territory herein described, and it will hence be found 
as perfect as it is possible for a work of this character to be made. 
The illustrations, which are mostly original, or have been carefully 
selected from the most faithful representations, are engraved 
in the best style by eminent artists, and will bear comparison 
with the most finished specimens of the art. They exhibit views 
of the most remarkable natural scenery, cities, colleges, «fcc. 
These engravings will be found of great utility, conveying as 
they do a far better idea of the objects than could be derived 
from the most labored description. The directions for Travellers, 
printed in italics, and following the description of each place, 
will prove very useful, especially the time of arrival and de- 
parture of cars, steamboats, and stages at and from each place ; — 
these, with the prices of fare, have been arranged with the greatest 
care, and may be relied upon for their accuracy. The Railroads, 
with the Depots, and the distances between them, are shown in 
the Tables of Routes, and will also be found, together with all the 
Steamboat and Stage Routes, accurately delineated on the ac- 
companying Map. Great labor has been bestowed in collating 
and adjusting, in the most minute manner, on the Map, a larger 
amount of correct information than can be found in any similar 
work, in so condensed a form. 



THE RATES 

AT WHICH 

FOREIGN MONEY OR CURRENCY 

ARE TAKEN AT THE CUSTOM-HOUSE, NEW YORK. 



Franc of France and Belgi- 
um, $0. 

Florin of Netherlands, 0. 

do. of Southern States of 
Germany, 0. 

Guilder of Netherlands, 0. 

Livre Tournois of France, 0. 

Lira of the Lombardo Ve- 
netian Kingdom, 0. 

Lira of Sardinia, 0. 

do. of Tuscany, 0. 

Milrea of Portugal, 1. 

do. of Azores, 0. 

Rlnrc Banco of Hamburg, 0. 

Pound Sterling of Great Bri- 
tain, 4. 

Pound Sterling ofthe British 
Provinces of Nova Scotia, 
New Brunswick, New- 
foundland and Canada, 4. 



13i 



40 
40 

18i 

18/i 

10 

12 

.83i 

35 



Pngoda of India, 
! Beal Vellon of Spain, 
do. Plate of Spain, 
Rupee Coin])any, 

do. British India, 
Specie Dollar of Denmark, 
1 Rix Dollar or Thaler of Prus- 
sia and the Northern States 
! of Germany, 
Rix Dollar of Bremen, 
Rouble, silver, of Russia, 
j Specie Dollar of Sweden and 

Norway, 1.00 

! Florin of Austria, 0.48^ 

I Ducat of Naples, 0.80 

I Ounce of Sicily, 2.40 

I Tale of China,' 1.48 

j Leghorn Livres, 0.16 



$1.84 
0.05 
0.10 
0.44 1 
0.44 A 
1.05 



69 
0.78 f 
0.75 



CURRENCIES BY USAGE, 

When a Consular^s Certificate of the real value or Rate of Exchavge is 
not attached to the Invoice. 



Current INIarc, 
Crown of Tuscany, 
Florin of Prussia, 

do. of Basle, 
Florence Livre, 
Geneva Livre, 
Jamaica Pound, 
Leghorn Dollar, 
Livre of Catalonia, 



$0 28 
1.05 
0.22 f 
0.41 
0.15 
0.21 
5.00 
0.90 
0.53 J 



Livre of Neufchotel, 0.26J 

Paper Rouble varies from 4 
roubles 65 copecks to 4 rou- 
bles 84 copecks to the dollar. 
Rix Dollar of Sa.xony, 0.69 

do. Rhenish, 60f 

Swiss Livre, 0.27 

Scuda of Malta, 0.40 

Turkish Piastre, 0.05 



VALUE OF FOREIGN GOLD COLXS IN UNITED STATES CURRENCY. 

$3.83 



Sovereigns of Great Britain, 

Doubloons, Spanish, 

do. Patriot, 



$4.83 
16.00 
15.60 



Napoleons, 
10 Thalers, 
10 Guilders, 



4.00 



INDEX 



Abbeville, S. C, 176, 178. 
AbiiigUon, Va., 112, 133. 
Accoraac, Va., 128. 
Adams, Mass., 66. 
Adrian, Mich., 199, 215, 216. 
Akron, O., 119, 135. 
ALABAMA, slate of, 1.53. 
Albany. N. Y., 53, 69, 73, 74, 75, 
Albion, Mich., 215. 
Alburg Springs, Vt., 22. 
Alexandria, D. C, 104, 129. 
Alexandria, La., 164, 182. 
Alton, 111., 201, 216, 226. 
Allentown, Pa., 124, 126. 
Allyn's Point, Conn., 70. 
Amherst, Mass., 33, 66. 
Amherst, N. H., 64. 
Andover. Mass., 23, 61. 
An^elicrt, N. Y., 72, 78. 
Aimapolis, Md., 98, 129. 
Ami Arbor, Mich., 198, 215. 
Apalachicola, Flor., 153, 179. 
Aquackanonck, N. J., 72, 82. 
Archidelphia, Avk., 182. 
ARKANSAS, state ol, 168. 
Arkansas Post, Ark., 169, 133. 
Aslitabula, O., 127, 134. 
Ashville, N. C, 142, 173, 186. 
Astoria, Oreg-on, 221. 
Athens, Pa., 72. 
Athens, O., 118, 135. 
Athens, Ala., 156, 181. 
Atiiens, Ga., 148, 177, 178. 
Attica, N. Y., 74, 79. 
Atlanta, Ga., 177. 186, 187. 
Auburn, N. Y., 56, 74, 77, 79. 
Auufusta, Me., 14, 62. 
Aug-usta, Ga., 148, 176, 178. 
Augusta, Ky., 190. 
Augrusta Spring-s, Va., 110. 
Austin, Texas, 166, 182. 
Avon Spring-s, N. Y., 57. 

Bainbridge, N. Y., 77. 
Bainbridge, Ga., 178, 179. 
■ 133. 



Balcony J'alls, Va. 
Balize, La., 225. 



Ballston. N. Y., 54, 74. 
Baltimore, Md., 97,74, 125, 126, I 

134, 137. 
Bangor, Me., 15, 62. 
Barcelona, N. Y., 72, 76. 
Bardstown, Ky., 191.212. 
Barnstable, Mass., 67. 
Bastrop, Texas, 167, 183. 
Batavia, N. Y., 58, 78, 79. 
Baih, Me., 16. 
Bath.Va., 131. 
Bath, N. Y., 72, 77. 
Baton Rou^e, La.. 161, 182,226. 
Beaufort, N. C, 140, 173, 174. 
Beaufort, S. C, 176. 
Beaver, Pa., 90, 127, 134. 
Bedford Spring-s, Pa., 89. 
Bellefontaine,D., 121, 137. 
Bellefonte, Pa., 1^4, 126. 



Belleville, 111., 216. 

Belfast, Me., 16, 62. 

Bellows Falls, Vt., 22, 65. 

Bennington, Vt., 22, 65, 74. 

Berkely Spring-s, Va., 109. 

Benien Springs Mich., 216. 

Berwick, Pa., 124. 

Binghamton, 60, 72, 75. 

Bloomington, la., 195. 

Bloornington, Iowa, 212, 213. 

Blossburg, Pa., 123. 

BlountsviUe, Tenn., 133, 184. 

Blue Sulphur Sprin"-s, Va, 111, 133. 

Blue Lick Springs, Ky., lyO. 

Bolivar, Tenn., 185, 187. 

Boniar Springs, Tenn., 186. 

Bonham, Texas, 183. 

Booneville, Mo., 206, 227. 

Bordentown, N. J., 83, 122. 

Boston, Mass., 25, 61, 63, 64, 65, 67, 68, 70, 

71, 74. 
Botetourt Springs, Va., 112. 
Bowling Green, Ky., 192, 18.5,212. 
Bowling Green, Mo., 220. 
Bradford Springs, S.C, 175. 
Branchville, S. C., 176, 177. 
BratUeboro, Vt., 22. 64, 65. 
Brazoria, Texas, 167, 183. 
Bridgeport, Conn., 39, 70, 71. 
Bringiers, La., 182. 
Bristol, R.I., 35. 
Bristol, Pa., 93. 
Brooklyn, N. Y., 47, 70. 
Brookville, la., 214. 
Brownsville, Me., 62. 
Brownsville, Pa., 127, 130. 
Brunswick, Me., 15, 61. 
Bucyrus, O., 135. 

Buflalo, N. Y., 58, 74, 78,79, 127, 131, 229. 
Burlington, Vt., 21, 64, 71, 75, 
Burlington, N. J., 83. 
Burlington, Iowa, 210, 219, 220, 226. 
Butler, Pa., 126. 

Cahawba, Ala., 156, 180. 
Calais, Me., 16,61. / 

Caldwell, N. Y., 55, 74. 
Cambridge, Mass., 28, 64. 
Cimbridge, Md., !28. 
Cambridge, O., 117, 130. 
Camden, N. J., 83, I2l^ 
Camden, S. C, 145, 175. 
Canals in the United Suites, 229. 
Canajoharie, N. Y., 75. 
Canaan, Conn., 69. 
Canandaigua, N. Y., 57, 74, 77. 
Cannonsburg, Pa., 90. 
Canton, N. Y., 79. 
Cape Island, N. J., 83, 123. 
Cape Girardeau, Mo., 207, 216. 
Cape Vincent, N. Y., 76. 
Carbondale, Pa., 93, 12.5. 
Carlisle, Pa., 88, 124, 126. 
Carlisle Sidpiiur Springs, 88. 
Castnie, Me., 16, 62. 
Cnstlelon, Vi., 22. 



INDEX. 



Catskill,N. Y., 52,71,75. 

CeiitreviUe, la., 213. 

Centreville, Md., 128. 

Centreville, Mich., 216. 

Cerulian Spring-s, Ky., 185. 

Chambersljur°r, Pa., 88, 124, 126, 129. 

Chapel Hill, N. C, 141, 173, 186. 

Chariton, Mo., 227. 

Charleston, S. C, 131. 144, 175, 176, 180. 

Charlestown, Mass., 27. 

Charlestown, N. H., 64. 

Charlestown, Va., 109. 

Charlotte, N. C, 141, 175. 

Charlottesville, Va., 108, 131. 

Chattahoochee, Flor., 179. 

Chattanooga, Tenn., 186. 

Cherrv Vallev, N. Y., 75. 

Chester, Pa., 94, 125. 

Chesterlown, Pa., 99. 

Chesterville, S. C, 145. 

Cheraw, S. C, 145, 174, 175. 

Chicag-o, 111., 202, 207. 219, 230. 

Chillicothe, O., 118, 135. 

Chilhowee, 112. 

Chrisliansburg-, Kv., 123. 

Cincmnati,O.,ll5,'l30, 134,135,136,137,214. 

CircleviUe, O., 118, 135, 136. 

Clarendon Springs, Vt., 64. 

Clarksburg, Va., 127,130. 

Clarksville, Ga., 149, 175, 178. 

Clarksville, Tenn., 172, 219. 

Cleveland, O., 119, 78. 127, 134, 137. 

Clifton Spring-s, 57. 

Cloverport, Kv., 192. 

Coffeeville, Miss., 180, 184. 

Coldwater, Mich., 215, 218. 

Columbia, S. C, 143, 174, 176, 179. 

Columbia, Pa., 128. 

Columbia, Ark., 225. 

Columbia, Tenn., 71. 

Columbia, Mo., 206. 

Columbus, O., 117, 130, 134, 135, 136. 

Columbus, Ga., 149, 176, 177, 179. 

Columbus, Miss., 159, 180, 184. 

Columbus, Kv., 185, 1S)2, 213, 224. 

Concord, N. 'H., 19, 63, 64. 

Concord, Ma.ss., 29. 

Conhocton, N. Y., 77. 

Conneant, O., 78, 134. 

CONNECTICUT, state of, 36. 

Conway, N. H., 63. 

Cooper'stown, N. Y., 60, 77. 

Cornmg, N. Y., 72, 77, 12.3. 

Cortland Village, N. Y., 77. 

Corpus Christi, Texa.s, 167, 183. 

Coshocton, O., 120, 135. 

Cotton Ginport, Miss., 184, 187. 

Covington, la., 214. 

Covington, Ga., 177. 

Covington, Kv., 190. 

Council Bluffs, 227. 

Crawfordsville, Ga., 177. 

Crawfordsville, la., 19.5, 213. 

Crown Point, N. Y., 71. 

Cumberland, Md., 100, 128, 130, i36, 137. 

Cumberland Gap, Tenn., 186, 211. 

Cuyahoga Falls, 119. 

Dacota. 

Dahlonega, Ga., 149, 176, 178. 
Danburv, Conn., 71, 7!). 
Dandridge, Tenn., 186. 



Danville, Va., 133, 173. 

Danville, Kv., 191. 

Dansville, N. Y., 72. 

Darien, Ga., 177, 178. 

Davenporl, Iowa, 219. 

Davton,0., 121, 135,213. 

Decatur, Ala., 181. 

Defiance, O., 233. 

DELAWARE, state of, 94. 

Delaware Citv, Del., 95. 

Delhi. N.Y., '75. 

Delphi, la., 214. 

Demopolis, Ala., 165, 180. 

Derby, Vt., 65. 

Detroit, Midi., 78, 131, 198, 215, 218. 

Dixon, 111., 216,219. 

Donaldsonville, La., 163, 1S2. 

Dover, N. H., I'J, 61. 

Dover, Del., 95. 127. 

Dover, N. J., 122. 

Doyleslown, Pa., 123. 

Drennon's Lick Springs, Kv., 193. 

Dunkirk, N. Y., 72. 

Dubuque, Iowa, 210, 219. 

Duxbury, Mass., 67. 

Easton, Pa., 93, 122, 125, 126. 
Kasion, Md., 99 
Eastpon, Me., 16, 61. 
Eastville, Va., 128. 
Eaton, O., 135, 213. 
Ebensburg, Pa., 124. 
Ede.iton, N.C., 133, 140, 174. 
Edwardsville, III., 217. 
Eluabeth Citv, N. C, 140. 
Elizabeihtowi., N. J., 81, 122, 125. 
Elkton, Md., 99, 125. 
Elmira, N. V., 60, 72, 77. 
EUicotisviUe, N. Y., 78. 
Ellsworth, Me., 62. 
Elyria, O., 120, 134. 
Eiiimettsburg, Md., 99. 
Erie, Pa., 78, 90, 124, 126, 127, 134. 
EstiUville, Va., 112. 
Eufaula, Ala., 155, 17P. 
Evansville, la., iy5, 214. 
Exeter, N. H., 20, 63. 

Fairfield, Conn., 71. 
Fall River, Mass., 32, 68. 
Falmouth, Mass., 67. 
Farmville, Va., 109, 132. 
Farmington, Conn., 70. 
FauquierWhite Sulphur Springs, Va. 
Fayetteville, Mo., 220. 
Fayetteville, N. C, 140, 174, 175. 
Favetteville, Ark., 184. 
Fincaslle,Va., 112, 133. 
Fitchburg, Mass., 66. * 

FLORIDA, state of, ISO. 
Florence, Ala., 156, 181, 182, 185. 
Forsvlh, Ga., 178. 
Fort'Gibson, Ark., 182, 183. 
Fort Leavenworth, Mo., 227. 
Fort Madison, luwa, 210,217, 219. 
Fort Smith, Ark., 182. 
Fort Snelling, Wis., 226. 
Fort Towsoii, Ark., 183 
Fort Wayne, la., 196, 233. 
Fort Winnebago, 219. 
Frankfort, Kv., 189, 212. 
Franklin. Pa!, 126. 



INDEX. 



Franklin, Tenn., 172. 
Frederick, Md., 99, 128. 
Fredericksburg, Va., 108, 132, 174. 
Frederickstown, Mo., 221. 
Fredoiiia, N. Y., 78. 
Fredonia, la., 214. 
Freehold, N. J., 83. 
Fryeburg-, Me., 16, 62. 
FuUoii, Mo., 206, 220. 

Gainesville, Ala., 155, 180, 184. 
Galena, 111., 203, 216, 218. 
Gallipolis, O., 118, 135. 
Galveston, Texas, 166, 183. 
Garysburg-, N. C, 174. 
Geneseo, N. Y., 72, 78. 
Geneva, N. Y., 57, 77, 79. 
GEORGIA, state ot, 146. 
Georgetown, D. C, 103, 130. 
Georg-etown, Del., 95, 127. 
Georg-etown, S. C, 145, 175. 
Georg-etown, Ky., 190, 211. 
Gettysburg, Pa., 91, 124. 
Gilmanton, N. H., 20. 
Glasu-ow, Mo., 207, 220. 
Glenn's Falls, N. Y., 55, 74. 
Glasg-ow, Ky., 1.36, 192. 
Golconda, 111., 216. 
Goldsboro, N. C, 130. 
Goshen, N. Y., 72, 75. 
Grand Coteau, 163. 
Grand Gulf, Miss., 158,225. 
Grand Haven, Mich., 199,215. 
Grand Rapids, Mich., 215, 216. 
Grayson Sulphur Springs, Va., 1 12. 
Great Barrington, Mass., 73. 
Great Crossings, Ky., 191. 
Great Falls, N. H., 19, 61. 
Greensboro', N. C, 141, 173, 186. 
Greenfield, Mass., 33, 66. 
Greenville, S. C, 146, 176, 178. 
Greenville, O., 213. 
Guildhall, Vt., 63. 
Gunter's Landing, Ala., 181, 187. 
Guyandotte, Va., 113, 133. 

Hackensack, N. J., 82. 
Hagersiown, Md., 100, 128. 
Hallowell, Me., 16, 61. 
Hamilton, O., 121, 136. 
Hampton, Va., 107, 133. 
Hancock, Md., 100, 128. 
Hannibal, Mo., 207, 220. 
Hanover, N. H., 20, 65. 
Hardinsburg. Ky., 211. 
Harper's Ferry ,'Va., 109, 128, 130. 
Hamburg, Pa., 125. 126. 
Hampton, Va., 107, 132. 
Harnsljurg, Pa., 88, 123,125, 126. 
Harrisburg, La., 182. 
Harrodsburg, Ky., 136, 185, 191, 212. 
Hartlord, Conn., 38, 68, 69. 
Haverhill, Mass., 20, 61. 
Haverhill, N. H., 6.3, 65. 
Havre de Grace, Md., 99, 125. 
Hawkinsville, Ga., 178. 
Helena, Ark., 169, 183. 
Herculaneum, Mo., 276. 
Herkimer, N. Y., 56, 74. 
Hickman, Ky., 192,213,224. 
Hicksford, Va., 1.33. 
Holmes Hole, Mass., 67. 



Holly Springs, Miss., 159, 184. 
HoUidaysburg, Pa., 91, 124, 126. 
Holston Springs, Va., 112. 
Honesdale, Pa., 72, 93, 125. 
Hopkinton Mineral Spring, 33. 
Hot Springs, Va., 110. 
Hot Springs, Ark., 169, 183. 
Houlton, Me., 16, 62. 
Houston, Texas, 166, 183. 
Hudson, N. Y., 52, 71, 73, 75, 
Hudson River, 48. 
Huntingdon, Pa., 91, 124. 
Huntingdon, Tenn., 185, 187. 
Huntsville, Ala., 156, 181, 186. 
Huron, O., 78, 215. 

ILLINOIS, state of. 200. 
Independence, Mo., 207, 220. 
INDIANA, state of, 193. 
Indianapolis, la., 194, 212, 213, 214. 
Indian Springs, Ga., 149, 177, 180. 
Indian Territorv, 
IOWA, state of, 209. 
Iowa City, Iowa, 210, 219. 
Ionia, Mich., 215. 
Ithaca, N. Y., 60, 73, 75, 77. 

Jackson, Mich., 199,215,216. 

Jackson, Mo., 184. 

Jackson, La., 163. 

Jackson, Miss., 158, 184, 185. 

Jacksonville, Flor., 152. 

Jacksonville, 111., 201, 216, 217. 

Jamestown, N. Y., 126. 

Jamestown, Va., 105, 132. 

Jefferson City, Mo., 184, 204, 227. 

JeftersonviUe, la., 223. 

Jersey City, N. J., 48, 82. 

Johnstown, Pa., 91. 

Joliet, III., 214,216, 218. 

Jonesboro, Tenn., 172, 174, 186. 

Jordou's White Sulphur Springs!, Va., HO. 

Kalamazoo, Mich., 199, 116, 215. 
Kanawlia, Va., 133. 
Kaskaskia, HI., 201, 216. 
Keene, N. H., 64. 
Kenton, O., 137. 
KENTUCKY, state of, 188. 
Keytesville, Mo., 220. 
Kingston, N. Y., 72. 
Kingston, Tenn., 172. 
Knoxville, Tenn., 133, 172, 174, 176.177 
178,186,211. . o, .//, 

La Fayette, Ta., 196, 213, 217. 
La Fayetle, La., 182. 
La Grange, Ga., 150, 177, 179. 
La Grange, Texas, 183. 
Lake George, 55, 74. 
Lancaster,"N. H., 62. 
Lancaster, Pa., 124, 129. 
Laporte, la., 213. 
La Salle, 111., 216, 219. 
Laurens, S. C., 176. 
Lawrenceburg, la., 136, 194. 
Lebanon, Pa., 126. 
Lehigh Gap, Pa., 125. 
Leonardstown, Md., 129. 
Lewisburg, Va., 133. 
Lewisburg, Ark., 183. 
Lewislown, Pa., 124, 126. 



10 

Lewistown, 111., 217. 
Lexinarton, Mass., 29. 
Lexington, Ky., 136, 185, 189, 211, 812. 
Lexin^loM, Va., lii,133. 
Leiiiiffton, Mo.. 207, 227. 
Liberty, Mo., 207, 227. 
Lincolmon, N. C, 141, 175. 
Litchfield, Conn., 39, 70. 
Little Falls, N. Y., 22, 56, 76. 
Little Rock, Ark., 169, 1b3. 
Littleton, N. H., 63. 
Lock Haven, Pa., 126. 
Lockport, N. Y., 68, 78. 
Lo"-ansport, la., 196, 213, 214. 
Long- Branch, N. J., 122. 
LOUISIANA, state of, 160. 
Louisville. Ky., 185, 188, 191, 211, 212. 
Lowell, Mass., 30, 66. 
Lynchburg, Va., 109, 133, 173. 
Lyons, N. Y., 228. 

Machias, Me., 61. 
Macon, Ga., 149, 176, 178, 186, 
Mackinac, Mich., 78, 137, 199. 
Madison, la., 194,211,214. 
Madison, Ga., 177, 179. 
Madison, Wis., 208,217, 218. 
Madisonville, Tenn., 178. 
MAINE, state of, 13. 
Malone, N. Y., 79. 
Manchester, Vt., 66. 
Mansfield, O., 120, 137. 
Marietta, O., 117, 135. 
Marshall, Mich., 199, 216. 
MASSACHUSETTS, state of, 23. 
MassilloM, O., 119, 127. 
Maninsburg, N. Y., 76. 
Martinsburg-, Va., 109, 137. 
MARYLAND, stale of, 96. 
Marysville, Tenn., 172. 
Matagorda, Texas, 166,183. 
Mauch ehunck, Pa., 92, 124, 125. 
Maumee City, O., 121. 
Maysville, Kv., 185, 190, 212. 
Meadville, Pa., 90, 124. 
Medina, O., 134, 135. 
Memphis, Tenn., 171, 182, 187,224. 
Mercer, Pa., 126. 
Meredosia, 111., 217,219. 
MICHIGAN, state of, 196. 
Michigan Citv, la., 196, 213, 216, 219. 
Middlebiirv, Vt., 22, 65. 
Middlelown, Conn., 39,69. 
Mifflintown, Pa., 124, 126. 
Milford, Pa., 72, 125. 
MiUord, Del., 95. 
Mi.waukee, Wis., 208, 217, 219. 
Milledg-eville, Ga., 148, 178, 179. 
Millershiirg-, O., 135. 
Milton, N. C, 1.12. 
Mineral Springs, Flor., 179. 
MISSISSIPPI, state of, 157. 
Mi.ssissipni City, Miss., 182. 
MiSSOURI, Slate of, 203. 
Mobile, Ala., 154, 179, 180, 181. 
Monroe, La., 182. 
Monroe, Mich., 198,215. 
Montgomery, Ala., 1.55, 180, 181. 
Moiupelier, Vt., 22, 64, 65. 
Montrose, Pa., 123, 126. 
Montreal, Canada, 74. 
Morgaiiiowii, N. i^,, 174. 



INDEX. 



Morrislown, N. J., 82, 122. 

Moitville, Mich., 215,218. 

Mt. Clemen!^, Mich., 215. 

Mt. Holly, N. J., 83. 

Mt. Pleasanl, la., 212. 
I Mt. yemo>i,VsL., 103, 129. 
I Mt. Vernon, O., 120, 134. 

Mumfordsville, Ky., 212. 

Murfreesboro, Tenn., 172, 185. 

Nacogdoches, Texas, 167, 182. 
Nahant, Mass., 24. 
Nantucket, Mass., 33, 67. 
Napoleon, la., 214. 
Napoleon, Ark., 18.1, 224. 
Nashua, N. H., 20, 64, 66. 
Nashville, Tenn., 171, 181, 184, 186. 
Natchez, Miss., 158, 184, 185. 
Natchitoches, La., 164, 182. 
Natural Bridge,Wa.., 112, 133. 
Natural Tunnel, Va., 112. 
Nebraska. 

New Albany, la., 194, 212. 
Newark, N. J., 82, 72. 
Newark, Del., 9.5, 125. 
Newark, O., 120. 
New Bedford, Mass., 31, 67, 68. 
New Berne, N. C, !40, 173. 
New Brunswick, N. J., 81, 122, 125. 
Newburg, N. Y., 51, 75, 76. 
Newburypoit, Mass., 30, 61, 63. 
Newcastle, Del., 95, 127. 
Newc-istle, Kv., 211. 
NewEchnta, Ga., 186. 
NEW JERSEY, state of, 80. 
NEW HAxMPSHlRE, state of, 17. 
New Haven, Conn., 37, 69, 70. 
New Lebanon Springs, N. Y., 73. 
New Lisbon, O., 119. 
New London, Conn., 38, 68, 09. 
New London, Mo., 220. 
New Madrid, Mo., 207,224. 
New Milford, Conn., 70, 73. 
New Orleans, La., 131, 162, 182. 
Newport, R. 1., 35, 68. 
Newport, Kv., 190. 
NE\V YORK, state of, 40. 
New York, N. Y., 42, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 
Niles, Mich., 215,216. 
Niagara Falls, N. Y., 59, 78. 
Norfolk, Va., 106, 131, 132. 
Norridgewock, Me., 16, 62. 
Norristown, Pa., 92, 12:t, 2.33. 
Northampton, Mass., 32, 66. 
NORTH CAROLINA, state of, 13 
Northumberland, Pa., 92, 123, 126. 
Norwich, Vt., 22. 
Norwich, Conn., 39, 69, 70. 
Norwich, N. Y., 77. 

Oberlin, O., 120. 
Og-derisburg, N. Y., 60, 76, 79. 
OHIO, state of, 114. 
Old Point Comfort, Va., 107. 
Oldtown, Me., 15, 61. 
Olean, N. Y., 78. 
Onondaga, N. Y., 77. 
Opelousas, La., 163, 188. 
Orangeburg, S. C, 44. 
Oregon Territory. 
Oregon City, HI., 219. 
Oikuey Springs, 1 10. 



75,80.1 



INDEX. 



11 



Orono, Me., 61. 
Oswe^-o, N. Y., 60, 76, 77. 
Owe?o, N. Y., 72. 
Oxtord, O., 121. 
Oxlord, N. Y., 77. 

Paducah,Ky., 182,22.3. 
PainesviUe, O., 119, 127. 
Palestine, 111., 218. 
Palmvra, Mo., 206, 219. 

PaoU; la., 212, 213. 

Pans, Me., 62, 71. 

Paris, Teiiii., 185, 213. 

Paris, Ky., 185, 212. 

Parkersburg, Va., 113, 130. 

Paterson, N. J., 82, 72. 

Pawtucket, 36. 

Peekskill, N. Y., 73. 

PENNSYLVANIA, state of, 84. 

Pen.i Yan, N. Y., 60. 

Peiisacola, Flor., 163, 179. 

Peoria, 111., 202, 216, 217, 218, 219. 

Peru, la., 233. 

Petersburg, Va., 107, 132, 174. 

Philadelphia, Pa., 7.3, 85, 123, 124, 125. 

Pickensville, S. C, 176. 

Pickensville, Ala., 180. 

Pierrnont, N. Y., 71. 

Pig-eoii Spriiifcs, la., 195. 

Pikeville, Ala., 182. 
■ Pittsburg, Pa., 89,126,127,128,134,137,223. 

Pittsfield, Mass., 73. 

Platte City, Mo., 220. 

Plattsburj, N. Y., 65, 71, 76, 79. 

Plymouth, Mass., 31, 67. 

Point Coupee, La., 182. 

Point Pleasant, Va., 113, 133. 

Poiiliac, Mich., 215. 

Pontotoc, Miss., 184, 187. 

Portland, Me., 14, 61, 62, 63. 

Port Deposit, Md., 124, 125. 

Port Gibson, Miss., 159. 

Port Leon, Flor., 179. 

Port Huron, Mich., 215. 

Portsmouth, N. H., 19, 61, 63. 

Portsmouth, Va., 133. 

Porlsmouili, O., 118, 136. 

Pottsville, Pa., 92, 123, 125. 

Potosi, Mo., 183, 207. 

Pou^hkeepsie, N. Y., 51, 73, 75. 

Prairie du Cliien, Wis., 209, 218, 226. 

Princeton, N. J., 81. 

Providence, R. I., 35, 68, 70. 

Quebec, Canada, 62. 
Q,uincy, Flor., 179. 
Quincy, III., 217. 

Racine, Wis., 217. 

Railway, N. J., 81. 

Raleigh, N. C, 139, 173. 

R.iveniia, O., 127. 

Readina:, Pa., 92, 123, 125, 126. 

Red Sulphur Springs, Va., 111. 

Reynoldsbui;o-, Tenn., 185, 187. 

RHODE ISLAND, state of, 34. 

Richmond, Va., 106, 129, 132, 174. 

Riveriiead, N. Y., 70. 

Rochester, N. Y., 57, 72, 78, 79. 

Rocktoid, 111., 218. 

R.OCK Island Citv, III., 203,219. 

Kuckport, la., 224. 



Rockville, Md., 130. 
Rome, N. Y., 56, 74, 76. 
Rome, Ga., 149, 179, 187. 
Roxburv, Mass., 29. 
Rushvilie, la., 214. 
Russelville, Ala., 182. 
Russelville, Ky., 211. 
Rutersville, Texas, 167, 183. 
Rutherford, N. C, 176. 
Rutland, Vt., 66. 

Sackett's Harbor, N. Y., 60, 76. 

Sag Harbor, N. Y., 70. 

St. Albans, Vt., 22, 65. 

St. Aug-ustine, Flor., 152, 179. 

St. Augustine, Texas, 183. 

St. Charles, Mo., 206, 227. 

St. ClairsviUe, O., 117, 135. 

St. Francisville, La., 16.3, 182. 

St. Genevieve, Mo., 226. 

St. Joseph, Mich., 199, 212, 213, 215. 

St. John's, Canada, 71, 74. 

St. Joseph, Mo., 207, 227. 

St. Louis, Mo., 183, 206,212, 220, 221,226. 

St. Marv's, Ga., 177. 

St. Stephen's, Ala., 156, 180. 

Saginaw, Mich., 215. 

Salem, Mass., 29, 61, 68. 

Salem, N. Y., 64. 

Salem, N. J., 83, 12.3. 

Salem, N. C, 141, 173. 

Salem, Ky., 185, 212. 

Salisbury, N. C, 141, 174,175. 

Salt Sulphur Spnno-s, Va., HI. 

Sandusky, O., 120, 137. 

Sandy H'lU, N. Y., 74. 

San Antonio de Bexar, Texas, 167. 

San Augustine, Texas, 167, 183. 

San Pliilipe de Ausiin, Texas, 167, 183. 

Santa Fc, Texas, !68, 221. 

Saratoga Springs, N. Y., 54, 74. 

Saratoga Lake, N. Y., 54. 

Sault St. Mane, Mich., 78, 199 

Savannah, Ga., 146, 176, 177, 179. 

Schoharie, N. Y., 75. 

Schenectady, N. Y., 65, 74, 79. 

Schooley's Mountain, N. J., 83, 122. 

Scottsville, Ky., 136. 

Selma, Ala., 156, 181. 

Seneca Falls, N. Y., 56, 57, 74, 79. 

Shamiondale Springs, Va., lOy. 

Sharon Sulphur Springs, N. Y., .Sii, 76. 

Shawneetowii, III., 202, 216,217, 224. 

Shelbyville, Ky., 211. 

Shelbyville, la., 136,214. 

Shelbyville, 111., 217. 



Shocco White Sulphur Springs, 
Shreveport, La., 164, 182, 183. 
Shrewsbury, N. J., 122. 
Sing Sing, N. Y., 71, 73, 75. 
Skaneateles, N. Y., 77. 

174. 

Smithland, Ky., 192,212,224. 
Sravrna, Del., 95. 
Snow Hill, Md., 99, 128. 
Society Hill, S. C, 175. 
Somerville, N. J., 81. 
Somerville, Tenn., 186, 187. 
South Ambov, N. J., 83. 
Suuili Bend, la.. Iy6, 213. 
SOUTH CAROLINA, state of 



140. 



12 



Sparta, Ga., 186. 
Spartansbunr, S. C, 146, 175. 
Spring-field, Mass., 32, 66, 73. 
Spriiig-tieia, O., 121, 134, 136. 
Springfield, Mu., 207,221. 
Springfield, III., 201, 216, 217. 
Spring Place, Ga., 177. 
Stafford Springs, Ct., 39. 
Statesville, N. C, 174. 
Staunton, Va., 110, 132, 133. 
Sieubenville, O., 118, 127, 134. 
Sioning-ton, Conn., 39, 68, 69. 
Sulphur and Tar Springs, Ky., 1S2. 
Sunburv, Pa., 92, 126. 
Sweet Springs, Va., 111. 
Syracuse, N. Y., S6, 74, 76, 77. 

Talbotton, Ga., 176, 179. 
Tallahassee, Flor., 152, 179. 
Tarboro', 140, 173. 
Taunton, Mass., 31, 67, 68. 
Tavloisville, Tenn., 186. 
TENNESSEE, Slate of, 170. 
Terre Haute, la., 195, 213, 217. 
TEXAS, state of, 164. 
Thoinaston, Me., 16, 61, 62, 
Tiffin, O., 137. 
Toledo, O., 120, 131, 134. 
Tolland, Conn., 69. 
Topshain, Me., 16, 61. 
Towanda, Pa., 125. 
Trenton, N. J., 81, 122. 
Trenton Falls, N. Y., 56, 76. 
Troy, N. V., 71,74, 75. 
Tunkhannock, Pa., 123. 
Tuscaloosa, Ala., 155, 179, 181,186. 
Tuscunibia, Ala., 156, 181, 185. 
Tyree's Springs, Tenn., 185. 

Union Point, Ga., 176, 187. 
Uniontown, Pa., ISO. 
Unionvtlle, S. C, 175. 
Urbana, O., 137. 
Utica, N. Y., 56, 74, 76, 77. 

Valley Forge, Pa., 92. 
Van Buren, Ark., 182, 184. 
VandaJia, III., 202,213,216. 
Velasco, Texas, 183. 
Veraennes, Vt., 22, 64. 
VERMONT, state of, 80. 
Versailles, Ky., 211. 
Versailles, la., 214. 
Vevav, la., 214, 223. 
Vicksburg, Miss., 159, 184. 
Vienna, Ala., 180. 
Vienna, 111., 216. 
Vincennes, la., 212, 216. 
VIRGINIA, Slate of, 104. 

Wadesboro, N. C, 175. 
Warm Springs, Va., 110. 
Warm Springs, N. C, 174, 186. 
Warren, Pa., 126. 
Warreiitoii, Va., 108. 
Warrenton, N. C, 132, 140. 
Warsaw, Ky., 223. 



Warsaw, 111., 220. 
Washington, Pa., 90, 127, 136. 
WASHINGTON, D. C, 73, 100, 128, 129, 

130, 173. 174, 185. 
Washington, N. C, 140, 173. 
Washington, Texas, 166, 183. 
Washington, Miss., 158, 184. 
Washington, Ark., 183. 
Washington, la., 212. 
Washington, O., 136. 
Walerlord, Me., 62. 
Waterloo, N. ¥., 57, 74, 79. 
Watertown, N. Y., 76. 
Waterville, Me., 16,62. 
Weldon, N. C, 129, 140, 174. 
Wellsburg, Va.. 113, 222. 
Westchester, Pa., 94. 
West Point, N. Y., 50,71. 
West Point, Ga., 177. 
Westport, Ky., 223. 
West Union, O., 135. 
Welhersfield, Conn., 68. 
Wetumpka, Ala., 155, 180. 
Wheeling, Va., 113, 127, 128, 130, 134. 
Whitehall, N. Y., 55, 64, 71, 74. 
White Mountains, N. H., 17, 65. 
White Plains, N. Y., 71. 
White Sulphur Springs, Va., Ill, I2i), 133. 
White Sulphur Springs, Ga., 150. 
White Sulphur Springs, Flor., 152. 
Wilkesbarre, la., 93, 123, 125. 
Wilkesboro, N. C, 173. 
Williamsburg, Va., 107,132. 
Williainsport, Pa., 92, 123, 126. 
Williainsport, la., 214. 
Williamstown, Mass., 33,66. 
Wilmington, Del., 73, 95, 125, 127. 
Wilmington, N. C, 140, 174, 175. 
Winchester, Va., 110, 129, 132. 
Winchester, Tenn., 186. 
Windsor, Vt., 22. 
Wiscassett, Me., 61. 
WISCONSIN, 208. 
Woodbury, N. J., 83, 123. 
Woodstock, Vi., 22, 63. 
Woodstock, Va., 110. 
Woodville, Miss., 182. 
Woonsocket Falls, R. I., 34,68. 
Wooster, O., 120, 127, 1.34. 
Worcester, Mass., 32, 66, 69, 74. 
Wyoming, Pa., 93, 123. 
WyiheviRe, 112, 173, 184. 

Xenia,0., 121,134, 136. 

Yazoo City, Miss., 159. 182. 
Yellow Springs, O., 121, 134, 136. 
York, Pa., 91, 124, 128. 
York Sulphur Springs, 91. 
Yorktown, Va., 108, 132. 
Yorkville, S. C, 175, 176. 
Youngstown, N. Y., 78. 
Ypsilanti, Mich., 198, 215, 218. 

ZanesviUe, O., 117, 127,134, 135. 
Zebulon, Ga., 178. 



STATE OF MAINE. 



13 





Till- ino^t nnrllii a-torly ^tdt( of the republic, extends 
from lat. 4:5° to 47° 24' N., and between Ion. 6° and 10° 
E Iroin Washington, and contains an area of 30,000 
-qiure miles. Population, 1840, 501.792. The state is 
d.v ided into 13 counties. Us shores are indented by deep 
bay-., forming many excellent harbors; and its waters 
arc ^tudded with numerous islands of every variety of 
lorn) and size, from the rocky islet to those of 150 square 
miie^ m extent. 

Near the coast the surface is level, but it rises on proceeding inland ; and 
most part of the state is hilly, forming in many places a congeries of hills, 
or elevated cones, several of which reach an elevation of 4000 feet, and 
Mt. Eatahdin rises to the height of 5333 feet above the level of the sea. In 
t.he northwest, an elevated ndge forms the water-siied dividing the waters 
of the St. Lawrence from those of the Atlantic ; a lateral branch of this 
ridge, of still less elevation, Separates llie Kennebec and Penobscot rivers 
from the St. John's. 

It ha'^ been estimated that one-sixth part of the surface of Mame consists 
of water. There are numerous lakes, the largest and most noted of which 
are Moosehead, Sebago, Chesuncook, and Umbagog. A part of the 
waters of the latter extend into New Hampshire. Some of these lakes are 
justly celebrated for the picturesque beauties of their scenery. ^ A steam- 
boat has been built to ply on the waters of Moosehead lake. The Kenne- 
bec and the Penobscot are the two most important streams,— the former is 
navigable to Augusta, and the latter to Bangor. Their shores are adorned 
with villages, and the intervals along their margins are the most fertde and 
best cultivated in the state. The Saco, Androscoggin, and St. Croix rivers 
enter the Atlantic. St. John's and its confluents, the Walloostook, Alla- 
gash, and Aroostook, drain the northern part of the state. The St. John's 
forms a part of the northern boundary of the state, by the late treaty of 
Washington, and its waters are open to the free navigation of both nations. 
The principal bays are— Casco, Penobscot, Machias, and Passamaquoddy. 
The climate is healthy ; but the winters are long and severe. The prin- 
cipal productions are— Indian corn, wheat, barley, rye, flax, and the 
grasses. The uncleared lands are of great extent, and furnish an immense 
amount of pine and other lumber. Marble and lime are extensively ex- 
ported. On the sea-coast large quantities of cod-fish are dried and prepared 
fur the market ; and the rivers abound in excellent salmon. Ship-building 
is extensive'y carried on. 

The principal literary institutions are— Bowdoin College, at Brunswick ; 
Waterville College, at Waterville ; the Bangor Theological Seminary, at 
Bangor; and the Wesleyan Seminary, at Read field ; and there are about 
i)0 academies and 4000 common schools throughout the state. 



14 



STATE OF MAINE. 



The government is vested in a governor, senate, and house of represent- 
atives, who are elected annually. The senate consists of 31, and the house 
of representatives of 151 members. Seven counsellors are elected by the 
legislature to advise the governor on all matters pertaining to his legislative 
duties. The judiciary consists of a supreme judicial court and a court of 
common pleas, each composed of a chief justice and two associate justices. 
The judges of the supreme court are appomted by the governor and coun- 
cil, and hold their officer during good behavior, or until they have attained 
the age of 70 years. The right of suffrage is possessed by every male citi- 
zen of the United States, 21 years of age, (excepting paupers, persons 
nnder guardianship, and Indians not taxed,) who shall have resided in the 
state for three months next preceding an election. 

The first permanent settlement in Maine was made about the year lfi30 ; 
and in 1652 the inhabitants were placed under the jurisdiction, and formed 
a part of, the colony, subsequently the state of Massachusetts. It was 
styled the District of Maine until the year 1820, when it was admitted into 
the Union as an independent state. The constitution was formed in 1819. 

The railroads, with the distances between each depot, will be found in 
the accompanying tables of routes; for example, see Portland, Saco, and 
Portsmouth railroad pages. 61 and 62 , 




The nictropuli^ n situated on a pcnmsul?, at the western extremity of 
C'asco bay. It is 1U5 miles trom Boston, JiiU from JNew \ork, and 545 
from Washington. Population, 15,500. The harbor is safe, spacious, and 
easy of access ; completely landlocked; and is well defended by forts 
Preble and Scammel. The ground on which the city is built, rises at its 
eastern and northern extremities, presenting a beautiful appearance when 
approached from the sea— rising like an amphitheatre between two hills. 
The public buildings are — a court-house, jail, city hall, custom-house, 
an exchange, an athen^um, with a library of 5,000 volumes, 16-churches, 
and 11 academies. On Mt. Joy, an eminence a little to the northeast part 
of the city, is an observatory 82 feet high, and 220 feet above the level 
of the sea, from which a beautiful view is obtained of the harbor, its islands, 
and the surrounding country. Cars leave dailii for Boston and the. inter- 
mediate places. Fare to Boston, $3. Stages leave daily for Eastport 
and Calais, via Brunswick, Tkomaston, and Belfast ; also for Hovlton, 
via ..Sugusta and Bangor. ..1 triiDeeldy line runs to the White Moun- 
tains ; and also to Quebec, vm .Augusta and Norridgewock. Steamboats 
•ply between Boston and Portland, and Bangor and Portland. 

^^ For tables of distances, see routes in Maine, pages 61 to 79 where 
will be found the railroad, steamboat, and stage routes from the cities and 
principal towns tliroughout the state, with the distances between the inter- 
mediate placea. 

AuGCSTA, the capital, is situated on both sides of the Kennebec river. 



STATE OF MAINE. 



15 




43 miles from the sea, and at the head of sloop navigation. It is 150 
miles NNE. from Boston, 469 from New York, and 595 from Wasliington ; 
and contains a state house, a United States arsenal, a state insane hospital, 
a high school, 6 churches, and 6,000 inhabitants. The State House ia sit- 
uated on an eminence, on the west side of _-^^ ^^ 
the river. The central part is 84 feet long, 
and 56 deep, with two wings, each 34 feet 
long and 54 deep. It has a Doric portico ot 
8 columns; and before it is a spacious park, 
adorned with trees and shrubbery. There is 
a tine bridge across the Kennebec, and a sub 
stantial darn has been constructed across the 
river a short distance above, forming a veiy 
extensive water-power. Stages leave dai/i/ 
fur Portland and Bangor ; three times a week for BeljaoL and Thomaston ; 
for Anson and Phillips, and also for Frycburg. 

Bangor is situated at the head of navigation, on the west side of the 
Penobscot river, which is liere crossed by a bridge 1,320 feet long. It is 
222 miles from Boston, 436 from New York, 663 from Washington. It 
occupies an eminence from which a fine view is obtained of the surrounding 
country. Steamboats ply regularly between this place, Portland, and 
Boston. It contains a court-house, jail, a bank, 7 churches, the Bangor 
Theological Semina-y, 2 academies, and about 11,000 inhabitants. The 
Theological Seminary has 3 professors, 50 students, 139 alumni, and 7,000 
volumes in its library. It gives a classical and theological course in four 
years. The lumber trade of Bangor is extensive. Stages leave daily for 
Portland ; three times a week to Hovlton ; also for Calais, Castine, Bel- 
fast, Skoichegan, S,c. 

Old Town is on an island of the same name in Penobscot river, 12 
miles fiom Bangor ; here are manufactured immense quantities of boards, 
&.C. On another island, about a mile above, are the remnant of Penobscot 
Indians, (about 360. ) They have a small church. 

Brunswick is situated on the left bank of the Androscoggin river, at the 
Pejepscot Falls, which here make an extensive water-power. It con- 
tains 9 churches, -== 

two academie^, a __. 

cotton and wool- ""^f^^ 

len factory, and 
4,500 inhabitants. 
It is the seat ot 
Bowdoin Collcgt, 
which was found- 
ed in 1794, and or 
ganized in lh02 ; 

has a president and nnie protcsbors, or other ni-ttuctor'!, 749 alumni, 190 
students, and 23,9.)0 volume's in its hbrariLh. The commnicemont \b 
on the 1st Wednesday in September. Attached to this institution, is 
Maine Medical School, founded in 1820, which has 4 professors, 60 stu- 
dents, and 464 graduates. The lectures commence on the 15th of Feb- 
ruary, annually. The philosophical apparatus and cabinets of anatomical 
preparations, mineralogy, and natural history, are very complete. It re- 
ceived a donation of $10,000 from James Bowdoin, Esquire, its principal 
benefactor, from whom it was named. The state has granted it five 
townships of land and $3,000 annually. Its principal edifice has been 




16 STATE OF MAINE. 

several times burned, but lias been rebuilt. The college chapel, a granite 
edifice, is in the Romanesque style of architecture. 

Bath is situated on the right bank of Kennebec river, 12 miles from the 
sea. It is built on a declivity, and extends for a mile and a half along tlie 
river, and three-fourths of a mile back from it. It has an excellent harbor, 
and vessels of the largest class come up to its wharves. It contains 2 
banks, several churches, 5 academies, 75 stores, and 5,500 inhahitanls. 
Steamboats ply regularly between this place and Portland, and Boston, the 
most part of the year. 

Thomaston is situated at the head of St. George's bay, and contains the 
Baptist Theological Institute, a bank, 3 arademies, the state prison, several 
churches, and 5,000 inhabitants. The Tneological Institute was founded 
1837 ; has 2 professors, 23 students, and .500 volumes in its library. The 
state prison is near the bank of the river, and attached to it are 10 acres of 
•ground. The buildings are of stone, surrounded by a high wall. Im- 
mense quantities of lime of the best quality are manufactured here. 

Belfast is pleasantly situated on an arm of Penobscot bay, 30 miles from 

the sea; and has a spanious harbor, sufficiently deep for vessels of the 

largi ~t 1 1 1-- It 1 - - ' I m1 churches, an academy, and 4,500 inhabitants. 

I'Iastport is situated on IVloose Island, 

and is coimected by a bridge with the 

m.iin land. It is the easternmost town in 

the United States; has a good harbor, and 

contains 5 churches, an academy, a Uoited 

States garrison, and 2,000 inhabitants. 

Calais is situated on the right bank of the 
St. Croix river, at the falls, opposite St. 
Andrews, 250 miles from Portland, and has 
about 3,000 inhabitants. 
Hallowell is pleasantly situated on the right bank of the Kennebec 
river, and contains 5 churches, an academy, and 5,000 inhabitants. 
Steamboats ply to Portland and Boston. Gneiss is extensively quarried 
Tinder the name of Hallowell granite, and exported to most of the eastern 
states. 

Casting is situated on a promontory in the E. side of Penobscot bay, and 
has a good harbor. It contains about 1,200 inhabitants. 

Houlton, 120 miles NNE. of Bangor, is situated on a small stream 
emptying into St. John's river, near the New Brunswick line. It con- 
tains the Hancock barracks, a United States military post, several stores, 
and 1,5(j0 inhabitants. 

Watkrvillk, 18 miles north of Augusta, is situated on the right 
bank of the Kennebec river, near the Teconick Falls ; and contains a 
bank, several churches, and about 1,.500 inhabitants. It is the seat 
of Waterville College under the direction of the Baptists. It has a 
president and six professors, 21t) alunuii, 70 students, and 7,000 volumes 
in its libraries. The commencement is on the 2d Wednesday in August. 

Fryebiirg, 48 miles from Portland, is beautifully situated on a plain, and 
contains a church and an academy. Lovell's Pond lies near the village, 
famous as the scene of a desperate fight between the whites and Indians in 
early times. 

Topsham on the Androscoggin river ; Gardiner and J^orridgewock on 
the Kennebec river ; Bucksport and Pravkport on the Penobscot river ; 
Bristol on the Damariscotta river ; and Machias on the Machias river, are 
large and thriving places. 




STATE OF NEW HAMPSHIRE. 



17 





Is situated between lat. 42** 41' and 45° 11' N., and 
^270^ 40' and 72'^ 30' W. Ion. It contains 9,194 square 
miles, and 284,574 inhabitants. 

This state has only 18 miles of seacoast, and the shore 
IS generally a sandy beach. Portsmouth is the only 
good harbor in the state. A short distance from the 
coast, the country becomes beautifully diversified by hill 
and dale, and adorned by several picturesque sheets of 
water. The White Mountains are situated a little north 
of the centre of the state, and have become a place of great resort during 
the summer months ; they are usually ascended from the southeast. After 
climbing the sides of the mountain for some distance, the forest trees 
begin to diminish in height, until at the elevation of about 4,000 feet, you 
come to a region of dwarfish evergreens, which put forth numerous 
branches and surround the mountain with a formidable hedge, a quarter of 
a mile in thickness. On emerging from this thicket, you are above all 
woods, and at the foot of what is called the bald part of the mountain, 
which is very steep, and consists of a huge pile of naked rocks. After at- 
taining the summit, the traveller is recompensed for his toil and trouble, if 
the sky be serene, by a most noble and extensive prospect. The other principal 
mountain peaks are IMoosehillock, 4,636 feet high ; the Grand Monadnock, 
3,254 feet above the level of the sea ; and Kearsarge, 2,461 feet high, on 
the west, and the Moose and Ossippee mountains on tiie east. These moun- 
tains, though not a connected range, are regarded as a continuation of the 
Alleghanies. 

The notch or gap in the White Mountains, is justly regarded as a 
curiosity. It is on the west side of the mountains, near the source of Saco 
river. It is a deep and narrow defile, in one part 
only 22 feet wide. The mountain mass appears 
as if riven quite to its base by some convulsion of 
nature, perpendicularly on one side, and on the 
other, at an angle of forty-five degrees; The 
road which has been made through this pass is 
crossed by the river Saco, which rushes rapidly 
down the sides of the mountain, and gives a 
picturesque effect to the scenery. 

The Silver Cascade, a beautiful sheet of water 
is precipitated over three precipices, from a height 
of 250 feet into a basin formed by the hand of 
nature, in the rock beneath. In its fall it presents 
a diversity of pleasing appearances ; and in this 
whole mountain region, nature seems to have 
sported her wildest fancies. The lakes form another pet uliar char..cteris- 
tic of this slate ; Wiunipiseogee is 23 miles long and 10 bioud m its 






m 



STATE OF NEW HAMPSHIRE. 



widest part. It8 form is very irregular ; its shores exliibit almost every 
gradation of scenery, and its surface is studded with numerous islands. Tlie ' 
waters are very pure, heing supplied mostly by springs. Squam lake ia ; 
6 miles in length and about 3 in breadth, and is surrounded by bold and \ 
rugged scenery. It embosoms many islands. Ossippee, Sunapee, Con- i 
necticut, and JVewfoand lakes are smaller, but picturesque sheets of 
water. Another object of curiosity in this state is Bellow's Falls, ! 
in the Connecticut river, at Walpole. 'I'he descent of the water in the j 
space of 100 rods, is 44 feet ; there are several pitches one above j 
another ; at the highest of which a large rock divides the stream into I 
two channels, each about 90 feet wide. Wlien the water is low, the | 
eastern channel is dry, being crossed by a bar of solid rock ; and the | 
wliole stream falls into the western channel, where it is contracted to 
the breadth of si.\teen feet, and flows with astonishing force and 
rapidity. A bridge has been constructed over these falls ; and a canal 
half a mile long, with nine locks around them on the west side. ' 
Amoskeag Falls, in the Merrimac, consists of three successive pilches, 
falling nearly 50 feet. Tliere are also extensive caverns at Ciiester. The I 
Profile Mountain, at Franconia, is a singular eminence. It is a regular 
peak 1,000 feet in height, presenting a bold front of solid rock ; a side view 
of this exhibits a profile of the human face. 

The Connecticut river has its source in the highlands on the north border ^ 
of the state, and its west branch forms the boundary line between New 
Hampshire and Canada, to within one mileof the 45th deg. of ^.latitude. Its 
general course is south by west, and dividing JVew Hampshire and Ver- i 
mont, it passes through the western part of Massachusetts, and the central j 
part of Connecticut, where it enters Long Island Sound. Merrimac river, 
the Pemigewassit branch, rises near the Notch in the White Mountains, ' 
and is joined by the Winnipiseogee, 70 miles below the source of the 
former. It here takes the name of Merrimac. The Androscoggin and j 
Saco, rise and have part of their course in this state. 

The principal literary histitutions of the state are — Dartmouth College in ■ 
Hanover, and the Gilmanton Theological Seminary at Gilmanton. There 
are in the state about 70 academies, and 2,200 common schools. j 

The constitution was formed in 1784, and in 1792 was altered to its I 
present form. The governor is elected annually by the people on tiie 
second Tuesday in March. He must have resided in the state for seven years | 
next preceding his election, be thirty-five years of age, and possess property j 
to the amount of X'500, one half of which must be a freehold within the 
state. The council consists of five members chosen by the people, who , 
must have resided in the state for seven years, and possess property to the | 
amount of £500, and be thirty years of age. The legislature consists of 
the senate and house of representatives, and is denominated the General | 
Court of New Hainpsliire. The senate consists of twelve members chosen 
annually by the people, who must be at least thirty years of age, have | 
resided in the state for seven years preceding the election, and possess 
property within tlie state to the amount of jC200. The house of represen- 
tatives consists of 250 members, elected annually by the people. A mem- 
ber must have resided two years in the state next preceding his election, 
be thirty years of age, and possess property to the amount of jCIOO, 
Within the district which he represents, one half of which must be a free- i 
hold. All judicial officers are nominated and appointed by the governor 
and council, and hold their offices during good beliavior ; but are removable 
by the governor, with the consent of the council, at the represeatAtion of 



STATE OF NEW HAMPSHIRE. 19 

both houses of the legislature. No judicial officer can hold office after he 
is 70 years of age. The secretary and treasurer are elected by the joint- 
ballot of both houses of the legislature. Every male citizen of the age of 
21 years or over, excepting paupers, and persons excused from paying taxes 
at their own request, has the riglit of suffrage. 

The tirst settlements made in the state were at Dover and Ports- 
mouth, in 1623. In 1641, all its settlements, by a voluntary act, submitted to 
Massachusetts, but were made a separate province by an act of Charles II., 
in 1679. A temporary government was established in 1776, to continue 
during the war of the Revolution. June 21st, 1788, the state in convention 
adopted the constitution of the United States, yeas .57, nays 46. 

Portsmouth, a port of entry, and the capital of Rockingham county, is 
tlie largest town in the state. It is pleasantly situated on a peninsula, on the 
right bank of Piscataqua river, three miles from the ocean. The harbor is 
completely land-locked, and has the advantage of being always free from ice. 
Portsmouth is 54 miles north of Boston, and 493 from Washington. Two 
bridges connect it with Kittery on tlie opposite side of the river in Maine ; an- 
otlier bridge connects it with Great Island, on which is a light-house. On Con- 
tinental Island, on the opposite side of the harbor, is the navy yard. The town 
contains 8 churches, 7 hanking houses, a custom house, 2 markets, an 
academy, an atheneum, an almsliouse, a state lunatic hospital, and about 
8.000 inhabitants. The atheneum, a very flourishing institution, was in- 
corporated in 1817, and has a library of more than 5,000 volumes, besides 
cabinets of minerals and of natural history. Cars arrive from, and depart 
daily fur Boston, (fare $1.50,) and for Portland, {fare $1.50.) Stages 
leave three times a week for Concord. 

Concord, the capital of the state, is situated on the right bank of the 
Merrimac river. It is 76 miles NNW. from - r. 

Boston, and 481 from Washington. It lies 
chiefly on 2 streets, one of which extends 
nearly 2 miles. It contains a state house, a 
court-house, jail, bank, state prison, eight 
churches, 350 dwellings, and about 4,000 
inhabitants. The State House is an ele- 
gant structure of hewn granite, 126 feet 
long, and 49 feet wide. The hall of repre- 

eentatives and the senate chamber, are 

spacious and elegant rooms. By means of artificial locks and canals 
around the falls in Merrimac river, and the Middlesex canal, a navigable 
communication exists from Boston to this place. Cars arrive from, and 
dcjjart twice daily for Boston, (distance 76 miles ; fare §1.75.) Stages 
leave three times a week for Portsmouth ; and for Hie White Mountains ; 
and for Burlington, Ft., via Hanover and Montpelier — thence connecting 
tfjith a steamboat line to Montreal; and for Montreal, via Haverhill, 
Derby, and Stanstead, Canada; and also for Brattleboro, Ft., via Keene. 

Dover, the capital of Straftord county, is prettily situated at the Lower 
falls of the Cochecto, which aflords an abundant water-power. It contains 
a court-house, jail, 2 academies, 10 churches, several extensive manufac- 
turing establishments, and about 5,000 inhabitants. Cars arrive from, and 
depart for Boston daily, {distance 66 miles ; fare $1.75;) also from 
Portland, (43 7iiiles ; fare $1.25.) Stages leave for the White Mountains 3 
times a week. 

Grkat Falls Village, 6 miles north of Dover, contains several 
manufacturing establishments, and 2,500 inhabitants. 




20 



STATE OF VERMOx\T. 



Exeter, at the head of tide water, on Exeter river, has a coUTt-liouse, 
n bank, 4 churciies, an ac;idemy with a valuable library, philosophical 
apparatus, &c., and several mauu factories. Ckirs pass through it daily 
from Boston to Portland, 

Nashua is on the right bank of the Merrimac river, 41 miles from 
Boston. It contains several manufacturing establishments, 10 churches, 
many pretty residences, and about 7,000 inliabitants. Carg arrive from, 
and depart three times daily for Boston {fare §.1,) and Concord, (fare 
75 cts.) Stages leave daily for Windsor, Ft. ; three times a week to 
Bratllrhoio, Vt., aud three tivies a week to Worcester, Mass. 

Han<)\1'R I- pi(.i-aiitly situated on the left bank of the Connecticut 
~ river, and contains a church, many neat dwel- 

lings, and the buildings of Dartmouth College. 
'I'his institution was founded in 1770, and be- 
^ides the collegiate, it has a medical depart- 
ment. It has a president and 15 professors or 
[J2J other instructors; has had 2,228 alumni, haa 
Xl\ students, and 16, .500 volume.-* in its libraries. 
Tiie commencement is on the last Thursday in 
July The midi( il dt i> irtnient, instituted in 1779, has 6 professors, 80 
students, and iias had 577 graduates. The lectures commence on the 
first Thursday in August. Stages pass through Hanover for Concord and 
JiiLnitpelier, 

Haverhill is on the east bank of Connecticut river, and has a court- 
house, bank, a church, an academy, and about 60 dwellings. 

GiLMANTON is 20 miles north of Concord, situated on the Suncook 
river. The village contains an academy and the GilmantAin Theological 
Seminary, founded in 1835. It has 3 prolessors, 26 students, and 4,300 
volumes in its libraries. 





./ -~ lU ) N., an. 

#,v^-. ^, ^=*) of 9,0.= 



'H MONT In- b.twemlat 42° 44' and 4.5» OC 30" 
d 710 30' to 73" 20 VV. Ion., and contains an area 
, u. i,,0.'i6i sq. miles : and in 1840, 291,948 inh-ibitants. 
^ This state presents a very considerable variety of sur- 
face. It is traversed from north to south by the Green 
Mountain range ; some summits of which rise to a 
■t height of 4,279 feet above the sea. About the centre of 
'"^ ' the state, they divide into two ridges, the principal of 
which passes in a north-northeast direction, into Canada. The Green 
Mountains are from ten to fifteen miles wide, much intersected by valleys 
abounding with springs and brooks, and are mostly covered with cver- 
ereens to their summits, from which tboy have derivid their name. The 




STATE OF VERMONT. 2.1 

rivers are inconsiderable : most, of those flowing east are merely small 
tributaries of the Connecticut ; those on the east side are larger and 
ionger, and the three principal, viz., Lamoille, Missisque, and Winooski, 
rise on the east side of tlie princiiial mountain chain," which they break 
through and enter Lake Champlain. Otter creek rises on the west side of 
tlie mountains, and enters Lake Cliamplain. 

The climate varies according to differences of level and other circum- 
Btances. It is healthy, although the winters are severe. The soil is 
fertile, but more suitable for pasturage than tillage. Wool is the staple 
production ; sheep, horses, and cattle are raised in great numbers. 

The legislature formerly consisted of a single house of assembly, but in 
1836, two separate houses (a senate of 30 members, and a house of 
representatives, composed of one member from each town) were established, 
which, together with its governor, lieutenant-governor, and executive couu 
oil, are chosen annually by the people. The right of suffrage is vested 
in every male citizen 21 years of age, who has resided in the st.ate 
for the year previous to the election. The judicial power is in a supreme 
court of live judges, and county courts eacli composed of one judge of the 
supreme court, and two assistant judges. Judges are chosen annual'y by 
the general assembly, and a court of censors, by a popular vote once in 7 
years. The general assembly meet annually in October. 

Tliere are three colleges in Vermont, viz., the University of Vermont 
at Burlington, Middlebury College at INIiddlebury, and Norwich University 
at Norwich ; and there are about 50 academiesT and 2,500 common 
schools throughout the state. 




BuRLTNCioN IS (If ha'ittuliy situah d upon the tongue of land formed by 
the confluence of the \Vl^oo^ki, or Onion n\er, wuh Lnke Champlain. It 
is the most important town in Vermont ; it is 40 mdes WNVV. from Mont- 
pelier, 300 N. from New York, and 513 from Washington. Population in 
1840, 4,271. Here is a court-house, a jail, 2 banking houses, 6 churches, 
one university, an academy, and a female seminary. The buildings of the 
University of Vermont, 4 in number, are on high ground on the ea.st side of 
the village. This institution was founded in 1791. It has a president and 
7 professors, 277 alumni, 125 students, and 9,200 volumes in its libraries. 
The commencement is on the first Wednesday in August. The view 
from the cupola of the college embraces an extensive range. On the 
west Ues ttie village — the broad expanse of lake, with its islands and 
vessels ; and beyond, the Adirondack mountains, rising to the height of near 
6,000 feet, give grandeur to the picture ; while on the east, are presented 
in full view the Green Mountains, with their two highest peaks. Camel's 
Rump and Mansfield Mountain. Steamboats stop here daily {in summer) 
Jrom Whitehall, JV. Y., and from St. John's, Canada. Stases leave daily 
for Mhnny, also for Boston via Middlebury, Bellows' Falls, and Fitch- 
burg, Mass., and to Montpelier ; from thence, three times a week to Port 
land. Me., via the JVhite Mountains. 




22 STATE OF VERMONT. 

MoNTPFiii-R, tlip capital of the state, is situated in a rugged and 
picturesque region, at the junction of the 
ncirth and south branches of the Wi- 
nooslii river. It contains a state-iiouse, 
( ourt-house, jail, an academy, 4 churches, 
ind about 1,800 inhabitants. The State 
'\ Ilnuse is built of granite, 72 feet wide, 
.iiid 152 feet long ; it has a projecting 
portico in the centre of six Grecian Doric 
( (tlumns, 6 feet in diameter and 36 feet 
high. Stages leave daily fur Burlington 
ami CiHHuril, J\'. II., oia J.ihanon, S,-c. ; and three times a week for the 
White Mountanis; also to Derby, St. .Albans, <S-c. 

MiDDLEBURY is situated at the falls and on both sides of Otter creek. 
It contains a court-house, jail, bank, 5 churches, 2 academies, several ex- 
tensive manufactories, and about 2,500 inhabitants. In the vicinity is a 
quarry of excellent marble, which is extensively wrought. It is the seat of 
Middlebury College, founded in 1800, which has a president and 7 pro- 
fessors, has 771 alumni, 97 students, and 7,0.54 volumes in its libraries. 
The commencement i-4 on the third Wednesday in August. Stages pass 
through Middlebury daily for Burlington, Mbany, and Boston. 

Vergknnes is situated at the Lower falls on Otter creek, and contains 3 
churches, a bank, and ^^cveral manufactories. 

Bennington is prettily situated on elevated ground, and contains a 
court house, a church, 2 academies, a bank, and about 300 inhabitants. 
The Americans under General Stark defeated a large British force, August 
16, 1777, on the west border of the town. 

Brattleboro is situated on the right bank of the Connecticut river, 
and contains 4 churches, a bank, and about 1,000 inhabitants. Stages 
leave daily for Mbany, Springfield, Worcester, J^Tashua; and also to the 
White Mountains, passing through the principal towns along the Con- 
nectiatt river. 

Norwich is on the right bank of the Connecticut river, and contains 
several churches, an academy, and about 500 inhabitants. It is the seat of 
Norwich University. It has a president and 6 professors, and 40 students. 
The commencement is on the third Thursday in August. ^ line of stages 
pass through this place three times a week from Montpelier and Concord. 
St. Albans is situated near the east shore of Lake Champlain ; it has 
a court-house, jail, a bank, 3 churches, and about 700 inhabitants. Stages 
from Burlington to the Canada line, pass through this place three times 
a week. 

Castleton, 74 miles from Montpelier, contains 2 churches, an 
academy, and the Castleton Medical College, founded in 1818, with 7 
professors, 104 students, 555 graduates. The lectures commence on tlie 
4th Thursday in August. Woodstock has 5 churches, and the Vermont 
Medical College, founded in 1835, with 7 professors, 94 students, and 
2.55 graduates. Windsor contains 3 churches, the Vermont state prison, and 
1,000 inhabitants. Bellows Falls village has 2 churches and 50(> in- 
habitants. 

.iSlburg Springs are on the point of land projecting into Lake Cham- 
plain, at the north ; the waters are of considerable efficacy in scrofulous and 
otlier diseases. 



STATE OF MASSACHUSETTS. 



23 




/e^^ 



lUSEl rS Ik s b( t\v( on 41° 23' and 42" 52' 
N. lat., and between 69° 50' and 73=' 30' W. Ion. It is 
about 190 miles long, with an average breadth of 90 
miles, and contains 7,500 square miles ; and in 1840, 
737. G99 inhabitants, 
fej,^'^ -^ ^'^> This state presents three distinct zones. The first, 
^^•* "~^ Si.3S^^ towards the ocean, is a marine alluvion, but little 
elevated above the sea; it is mostly sandy, and the 
least fertile and smallest in extent of the three sections. 
This plam is followed by a fine hilly tract, which crosses the state from 
north to south, elevated in some places 300 feet above the sea ; from these 
elevations the rivers flow in every direction. The second or middle zone 
includes part of the beautiful valley of Connecticut ; and is followed by 
the mountainous but highly fertile county of Berkshire, which comprises 
the whole western part of the state. Through Berkshire pass two moun- 
tain ranges, theTaghkannick, on the western border of the state ; and be- 
tween the Housatonic and Connecticut rivers, tlie Green Mountain range, 
here called Hoosick Mountains. Mount Holyoke, near Northampton, is 
near 1,200 feet above the level of the sea, and Wachusett Mountain, in 
Princeton, is an elevated peak from 2,000 to 3,000 feet high. Saddle 
Mountain in the Taghkannick range, in the northwest corner of the 
state, is 4,000 feet high; and Mount Washington in the same range, 
in the southwest corner of the state, is about 3,000 feet high. The 
valleys of the Connecticut are fertile, as are also those of the Housa- 
tonic 

The principal rivers are — the Connecticut, a noble stream, winding for 50 
miles across the state ; Housatonic, which rises in Berkshire county, and 
flows through the west part of the state ; and Merrimac, which rises in 
New Hampshire, and has a course of 50 miles in the NE. part of the 
state, and enters the ocean below Newburyport. It is navigable for large 
vessels to Haverhill, 15 miles. Besides these there are— Nashua, Concord, 
Taunton, and Blackstone rivers. 

Massachusetts has numerous good harbors. There are several impor- 
tant islands off" the S. shore of this state, to which they belong. The largest 
is Nantucket, 15 miles long and 11 broad, and which constitutes a county 
of its own name. Martha's Vineyard, W. of Nantucket, is 20 miles long and 
from 2 to 10 broad, which with other small islands constitutes Duke's coun- 
ty. The shores of Massachusetts are diversified by some bold promontories 
and capacious bays. Of the latter, Massachusetts bay, between Cape 
Ann on the N. and Cape Cod on the S., is about 40 miles in breadth. 
Buzzard's bay is on the SW. side of Cape Cod, and is 20 miles long. 
Cape Ann, in the N. pnrt of the state, is a rocky promontory, 15 
miles in length. Cape Cod is a peninsula in the SE. part of the 




24 STATE OF MASSACHUSETTS. 

state, extending 75 miles long, and from 2 to 20 broad, with a bend 
in the middle, nearly at right angles. The peninsula of J^ahant, a 
few miles north of the harbor of Boston, is 
connected with the main land by Lynn beach, 
t\vo mdes long. It has become, on account 
of Its cool breezes and wild sea-views, a place 
offashionable resort during the summer months. 
iilcamboats ply daily in summer from it to 
Boston. 

There are ni this state 3collcges, and 2 theological seminaries, viz., Harvard 
University, at Cambridge, the oldest and best endowed in the country, 
founded in 1638, about 18 years after the first landing on the rock of 
Plymouth ; WilUams College at Williamstown, founded in 1793 ; and 
Amherst College at Amherst, founded in 1821, which has had an unex- 
ampled growth. The tlieological seminary at Andover is under the 
direction of the Congregationalists. It was opened for students in the 
autumn of 1808. The Baptists have a flourishing theological institution at 
JVewtown, founded in 1825. There are 2G0 academies or grammar 
schools, and 3,500 common schools in the state. 

The government of Massachusetts consists of a governor, lieutenant- 
governor, senate, and liouse of representatives. They are elected annually 
by the people. The governor must have resided 7 years in the state, and 
own a freehold worth jCI.OOO, and declare his belief in the Christian 
religion. The lieutenant governor must possess the same qualifications. 
A council of nine persons, besides the lieutenant-governor, are elected 
annually by the joint-ballot of the legislature, and not more than two can 
be chosen in one congressional district. They rank next to the lieutenant- 
governor. The senate consists of 40 members, who must possess a free- 
hold of jC300, and a personal estate of jCGOO, and must have resided in the 
state for 5 years next preceding the election. The house of representa- 
tives contains 356 members, who must possess a freehold of 300 pounds in 
the town for which he is chosen, or ratable estate to the value of X200. 
The judges and various other officers, as attorney-general, &c., are ap- 
pointed by the governor and council. The judges hold their offices 
during good behavior. The secretary, treasurer, and receiver-general, are 
appointed annually by the joint-ballot of both houses of the legislature. 
Every male citizen over 21 years of age, (except paupers and persons 
under guardianship,) who has resided in the state one year, and in the 
town or district in which he claims to vote, six months next preceding 
the election, and shall have paid a tax in the commonwealth within two 
ytiirs, or shall have been exempted from taxation, enjoys the right of 
suffrage. 

The Plymouth colony was settled by the Puritans, December, 1R20. In 
1628 the settlements of Salem and Charleston were made, and in 1630 
that of Boston. In 1692 these colonies were united under the name of 
Massachusetts. The American revolution began at Boston, and this 
state bore a prominent part in that great struggle. In convention, this 
state voted (February 6th, 1788) to adopt the federal constitution; yea» 
187, nays 168. 



STATE OF MASSACHUSETTS. 25 




Boston, the capital 
Massachusetts, metropohs of 
New England, and the second 
commercial city in the Union, is situated mostly on a peninsula, 3 milea 
long, and a little more than one mile broad, at the head of Massachusetts 
bay, and possesses one of the best harbors in the United States. It is in 
42'- 21' 23" N. lat., and 71" 4' 9" VV. Ion. from Greenwich, and 5« 11' 15" E. 
from Washington. It is 105 miles from Portland, Me., 214 from New 
York, 302 from Philadelphia, 439 from Washington, 985 from Cincinnati, 
and 1,809 from New Orleans. The population in 1790, was J 8,033, in 
1800, 24,937; in 1810. 33.250; in 1820, 43,298; in 1830, 61.391 ; in 1840, 
93,338; in 1845,114,366; 

Tlie harbor extends from Nantasket to the city, and spreads from 
Nahant to Hingham, containing 75 square miles. It is defended by Forts 
Warren and Independence, the former of which is on Governor's Island, 
and the latter on Castle Island. The inner harbor has a depth of water 
sufficient for 500 vessels of the largest class to ride at anchor in safety, 
while the entrance is so narrow as scarcely to admit two ships abreast. 
Boston consists of three parts, viz., Boston on the peninsula, South 
Boston, formerly a part of Dorchester, and east Boston, formerly Noddle's 
island. The " Neck" or isthmus, which in early times formed the only 
connection of the peninsula with the main land, is over a mile in length, 
and still constitutes the main avenue to the city from the south ; but by a 
number of extension bridges and artificial avenues, it is connected in 
various directions with the surrounding country. 

The city exhibits a picturesque and beautiful appearance when ap 
proached from the sea ; and in surveying its several parts, the traveller 
finds much to admire. The peninsula had originally an uneven surface, 
and the place early received the name of Trimountain, from its three hills, 
and their principal eminences on Beacon Hill. These eminences, though 
somewhat lowered, continue to adorn the city. Beacon Hill, on the W. 
part, is 110 feet above high-water mark; it was originally 30 feet higher. 
Fort Hill, on the E. side, fronting the harbor, is 80 feet high ; and Copp's 
Hill in the N. part, is 50 feet above high water On this hill the British 
had a battery in 1775, from which, during the memorable battle of 
Bunker Hill, they bombarded and burned Charlestown. South Boston 
constituted part of Dorchester until 1804, when, by an act of the 
legislature, it was united to the city. It extends about two miles 
along the south side of the harbor. Nearly in the middle of this tract 
are Dorchester heights, or Mount Washington, 130 feet above the 
sea. On these heights, the Americans under Washington erected a 
fortification in 1775, which soon compelled the British to evacuate 
Boston. 

East Boston is built on Noddle's island. It is connected with the city by 
a steam ferry, and with Chelsea, on the main land, by a b idge 600 feet 



26 STATE OF MASSACHUSETTS. 

long. TJie eastern railroad commences here. A wharf 1,000 feel long, 
called Cunard's wharf, has been granted free of charge for 20 years, for 
the use of the Liverpool line of steamships. East Boston has wholly 
grown up since 1833, and already constitutes an important part of the 
city. 

The Common occupies the declivity of Beacon Hill ; it has a pleasantly 
diversified surface, and covers a space of 75 acres. Tlie State House oc- 
cupies its north part. Boston is generally well built, mostly of brick, and 
many of its private residences are elegant. Among the pubUc buildings, 
the State House is the principal. It is situated on the summit of Beacon 
Hill, 110 feet above the level of the sea, and fronts on the spacious Com- 
mon. This edifice is 173 feet long, and 61 wide. The lower story has a 
large hall or public walk in the centre, 50 feet square and 20 feet high, 
supported by Doric columns. In the middle of the south side of this 
story, is a statue of Washington, by Cliantry. The rooms above are — 
the representatives' room, in tlie centre, 55 feet square ; the senate cham- 
ber, 55 feet long, and 33 feet wide, and 30 feet high, with two screens of 
Ionic columns, supporting with their entablature a richly-decorated 
arched ceihng. In another part of the building is the council-chamber, 

27 feet square. The dome is ascended by a spiral stairway on the inside ; 
and from its top is presented a view of the harbor, the bay, and the sur- 
rounding country. 

Faneuil Hall was erected in 1742, by a gentleman whose name it bears, 
and was by him presented to the city. It 
was enlarged in 1805, and is now 100 feet 
long and 80 wide, and three stories high. 
The lower story is occupied by stores. The 
great hall in the second story is 76 feet 
'T-^^.m-j^^ square and 28 high, with galleries on three 
[iyiTi;'i|i| i|i[i| A sides, supported by Doric columns, and the 
~" ^1 ceiling is supported by two ranges of Ionic 

* ■'"' columns. The west end is ornamented by a 
full length portrait of Washington, by Stu- 
art ; and another of Peter Funeuil, Esq., 
copied from an original picture. Above the great hall, is another in the 
third story, 78 feet long and 30 feet wide, devoted to military exercises. 
This venernble building has been appropriately called "the cradle of 
American liberty." It is the property of the city, and secured by its 
charter from ever being devoted to any but public purposes. There are 
75 churches in the city. The old State House, at the head of State-street, 
was built in 1658 ; it has been twice destroyed by fire, and was the last time 
rebuilt in 1747. It was formerly occupied by the state legislature. An 
elegant Merchants' Exchange has been recently erected in State-street. It 
contains the post-offit-e, a reading-room, &c. Quincy Market is a 
splendid edifice, .585 feet long and 50 feel wide ; it is directly east of 
Faneuil Hall. The wings are two stories higi<, and at the E. and W. 
ends are five porticoes, of four Grecian Doric columns. Tlie new court- 
house, constructed of hewn Quincy granite, is 176 feet long, 54 feet 
wide, and 57 feet high ; and the N. and S. fronts are adorned with Grecian 
Doric porticoes. The interior has four court-rooms, each 50 by 40 feet, 
besides various public offices. The Custom-house has an elegant Doric 
portico its whole length, and a tiiK^ dome in the centre. Tlie houses of 
Industry, Correction, and Reformation, are pleasantly sitiiiited in Scnith 
Boston, near the brow of Dorchester heights, and are surrounded by 





STATE OF MASSACHUSETTS, 27 

ornamented grounds. The Tremont House is one of the finest hotels in 
the United States. There are two theatres in the city. 

The Medical Institution ol" Harvard University is located in Boston, 
wliere its professois reside. It was founded in 178-2, lias six professors, 
157 students, and over 5,000 volumes in its library. The lectures com- 
mence on the tirst Wednesday of November, annually. Tiie Institution for 
the Blind has been liberally patronized ; it has a splendid edifice on Mount 
Washington, South Boston. 

Boston has lOti literary and charitable societies. Among the literary 
societies of a high order, is the American Academy of Aits and Sciences, 
founded in 1780, whicii has published four quarto volumes of its transac- 
tions, and has a library of over 2,000 volumes. The Massachusetts His- 
torical Society was incorporated in 179-1. Its collections have been 
published in 2t) volumes octavo, in whicli are many valuable papers. Its 
library, consisting of books and manuscripts, amounts to over 6,000 articles, 
many of them rare and valuable, besides several paintings of distinguished 
individuals. The Boston Athenaeum was incorporated in 1837, and has a 
library of over 30,000 volumes, a collection of over 2,000 coins and 
medals, and a reading-room well furnished with American and foreign 
newspLipers. The Boston Society of Natural History was instituted in 
1830, and has a cabinet and museum. The Boston museum possesses a 
rare and valuable collection of curiosities. The Massachusetts hospital, 
in the western part of the city, is deserving of notice ; it has a beautiful 
edifice, built of granite, and surrounded by grounds highly ornamented 
witli trees and shrubbery. 

There are 36 newspapers published here, of which 12 are daily ; of the 
remainder, a portion are semi-weekly and weekly, and others weekly. 
Besides newspapers, there are a number of magazines and reviews; 
the most distinguished of the latter is the North American Review. 

The city is supplied with water brought from Jamaica pond in Rox- 
bury, 4 miles from the city, by the Aqueduct Corporation, formed in 1795. 

Cars leave Boston twice ilai/i/, on each of the railroads for Port- 
land, {fare §13,0 for Lowell, {fare 65 cts.,) three times, and Concord, JV. 
//., {fare $1.75,) twice daily; for Fitchburg three times daily, {fare 
$1.25,-) for Mbany, JV. Y., twice daily, {fare $5 to $6.) Cars leave 
daily for J\l'ew York on fire different routes, {fare $3 to $6,) {seepage .) 
Cars leave twice daily for Providence, {fare $\ .2r> ;) for JVcw Bedford 
(fare S1.50, ) and Ftdl River, {fare $1.45,-) and also for Plymouth, 
{f'ire$\.) Seepages 

Charlestown, one mile north of Boston, is situated on a peninsula, 
between Mystic and Charles rivers, and is connected by bridges with 
Boston, Cambridge, Chelsea, and Maiden. The streets, although not 
regular, are wide, and ornamented with trees. It has a square, around 
•which a number of the public buildings are situated. It contains a state 
prison, the M'Lean Insane Asylum, an almshouse, a town-house, 3 banks, 
a United States navy yard, a marine hospital, and 12 churches. The navy 
yard is situated on the north side of Charles river, embracing 60 acres of* 
ground, enclosed by a wall, within which are erected the wareiiouse, 
arsenal, magazine, ropewalk, dwellings for the officers, &c., all of brick, 
and two immense edifices of wood, under which the largest vessels of 
war are constructed. Here is a dry dock of hewn granite, 341 feet long, 
80 wide, and 30 feet deep. The M'Lean Insane Asylum is pleasantly 
situated on elevated ground ; the buildings are large and commodious, 
and attached to tJie institution are 15 acres of land, handsomely laid out. 



^8 



STATE OF MASSACHUSETTS. 



and tastefully ornamented. The state prison is NW. of the city, and 

consists of four large stone buildings, a chapel, &c., enclosed by a hig^h 

wall. Bunker Hill, or more properly. Breed's Hill, is a little north of 

^ Charlestowu. On the site of the battle, &Z feet above 

fl the level of the sea, the Bunker Hill Monument has 

B been erected. The corner-^tone was laid by La Fayette, 

m on the 50th anniversary of the battle, June I7th, ]82o. 

ft "^'''^ foundation having been found insufficient, the 

s^^ p- corner-stone of the present structure was laid in March, 

f *i=^ 1827. The monument was completed July 23d, 1842. 

^m Its form is that of an obelisk, 30 feet square at the base, 

i 4, °^^ and 16 feet 4i inches at the top. The height from the 

lase to the top. is 221 feet. It is substantially built of 

hewn Quincy granite. The interior is circular, having a 

diameter of 10 feet 7 inches at the bottom, and of 6 




feet 4 inches at the top, and is ascended by 294 steps. 
At the top is an elliptical chamber, 17 feet high and 11 
3 feet in diameter, with 4 windows. A most beautiful 
view is obtained from this apartment, of Boston, its harbor, and the sur- 
rounding country. Omnibuses arrive from, and depart for Boston, every 
15 minutes daily. 

Cambridge, 3 miles NW. from Boston, consists of three parts — Old 
Cambridge, the seat of the University ; Cambridge Port, about halfway be- 
tween the university and the bridge leading to Boston ; and East Cam- 
bridge, formerly Lechmere's Point, opposite to the north part of Boston. 
It is one of the oldest towns in New England, incorporated in 1630, by 
the name of Newtown, but eight years after took its present name. It 
contains a court-house, jail, state arsenal, 3 banks, 16 churches, 2 acade- 
mies, and 9,0b0 
inhabitants. It 
Js the seat of 
^Cambridge Uni- 

■ vers it I/, the old- 

^^ — u fi.uLi *tt'C u- - n-.-ri u HHi I « ciidowed insti- 
tution in the 

■ L iiion ; founded 
ui 1638. From a 

donation made to it by liie Rev. John llai vard, it was called Harvard College. 
Its funds now amount to over halfa million of dollars. It has a president, 29 
professors or other instructors, has had 5,942 alunuii, has 280 students, 
and 68,500 volumes in its libraries. Tlie commencement is on the fourth 
Wednesday in August. The buildings consist of University Hall, an 
elegant granite edifice 140 by 50 feet, and 42 feet high, containing a 
chapel, 6 lecture-rooms, dining halls, &;c. ; Harvard Hall, a brick edifice 
108 by 40 feet, containing the library, the pliilosophical apparatus, and 
niineralogical cabinet; and four other buildings, denominated Massa- 
chusetts, Hollis, Stoughton, and Holworthy Halls, with rooms for the 
accommodation of the students; Holdtn Chapel, containing the anatomi- 
cal museum, chemical laboratory, and lecture-rooms; and three other 
edifices for the students. The buildings occupy an enclosed plain of 14 
acres. It has a botanical garden of 8 acres, with a large collection of 
trees, plants, and shrubs, native and foreign. The Medical Institution has 
6 professors. The lectures commence ou the first Wednesday in No- 




STATE OF MASSACHUSETTS. 



29 




•. . Ill H>MK by 
li the uftbclioiis 



vember. It lias a library of over 5,000 volumes. Mount Auhtrn Cemetery 

is in Cambridge, 5 miles from Boston. Tnc 

grounds occupy about 70 acres, and arepiettib 

diversilied with hill and valley, mostly cover 

ed with a threat variety of native trees, 

planted with orniimental shrubbery. Thert 

are also several beautiful sheets of water. 

It has been tastefully laid out with avelnu^ 

and paths. Cambridge was a place of mi 

portaiice in the early history of the country. 

The first printing-press in America was e-t,il) 

Stepiien Day. It was long the literary centre round 

of the colonists clustered. Immediately after the battle of Lexington, at 

the commencement of the revolutionary war, 20,000 men collected here, 

and July 2d, 1775, Gen. Washington arrived and established his head 

quarters at this place. Omnibuses arrive from, and depart for Boston 

every half hour daily. 
RoxBURY, 2 miles south of Boston, is connected with the city by a 

neck of land. It contains 16 churches, 2 banks, many beautiful dwellings, 

and about 12,000 inhabitants. 

Lexington is 11 miles NVV. from Boston, and contains 2 churches and 

about 50 dwellings. This village is celebrated as the place where the first 

blood was shed at the opening of the great drama of tlie revolution. The 

legislature of Massachusetts have caused a monument to be erected on the 

spot where the first victnns ,^^^^ A ^=s^ -^ — ==^ 

fell, to perpetuate the memo /^^^^^^ rt := — 

ry of the slain, and of tin- ; 

event. The engraving is i 

view from the Concord road , 

the monument is on an ek vii 

tion.ontlie western side of tin ; 

green; a school-house stood; 

there at the time the British 

troops fired upon the Amen 3 Bi^gB^ gM^^^^^^^^^^^^^>'*<<^'^^-'^ ' f^^-^^ 

cans, on the memorable 19th of April, 1775. The church stands in the 

place of the old one, which was taken down in 1794, when the present 

one was erected. 

Concord lies 17 miles NW. of Boston. It contains a court-house, jail, 
a bank, 2 churches, and an academy. Population 1,784. The first blood 
of the revolution was shed here on the part of the British. They, after 
killing 8 Americans at Lexington, proceeded to this place, where they 
were resisted, and two British soldiers killed. A monument records the 
event. Cars arrive from, and depart for Boston, (fare 50 cts.) 3 times 
dailft, and also for Fitchbiirg, 

Salem, the largest town in Essex county, is the oldest and largest sea- 
port but one in Massachusetts, situated 14 miles NNW. from Boston. It 
ii chiefly built on a point of land formed by two inlets from the sea, called 
Ps'orth and South rivers, and contains 18 churches, 9 banks, and 16,000 
inhabitants. The public square, containing ten acres, lies in the northern 
part of the town, and is almost perfectly level, enclosed and shaded by a 
large number of elms. An aqueduct supplies the city with soft spring 
water. On a peninsula below the town, are Fort Pickering and Fort Lee, 
and on an island there is a light-house. In 1692, the witchcraft delusion 
pievailed in Salem, and 19 persons were tried and executed. Cars arrive 




30 STATE OF MASSACHUSETTS. 

from, and depart several times daily for Boston. A branch railroad ex- 
tends from Satcin to Marbleltead, a distance of four miles. Stages leave 
for Gloucester daily, 

Nkwburyport is a port of entry, and one of the principal towns of Essex 
county. It is situated 38 miles nortl>€ast of Boston, on a gentle accli- 
vity, on the right bank of the Merrimac, at the union of that river with 
the ocean. It is considered in point of natural advantages, as well as in its 
improvements, one of the most beautiful towns in New England. The 
harbor is safe and spucious, but difficult of entrance. It contains a 
custom-house, 8 churches, an academy, 4 banks, an almshouse, a lyceum, 
and 7,500 inhabitants. Mr. Whitefield, the celebrated preacher, died and 
was buried here. A monument in one of the churches records, " that in 
his ministry of thirty-four years, he crossed the Atlantic thirteen times, 
and preached inore than 18,000 sermons." Cars arrive from, and depart 
twice daily for Boston, and also for Portland, Me. Stages leave for 
Haverhill and Exeter. K. H., 3 times a week. 
Lowell, city, and the semi-capital of Middlesex county, is situated 

25 miles AN W. 
from Boston. In 
the rapidity of 
,its growth, and 
I the extent of its 
manufactures. 
It stands un- 
ii\ ailed in the 
( nited States. 
The town was 

incorporated in 1826, and embrace^ four miles '>qunre, the population 
then wa^ about 200, and lt^ property valued at about SIOO.OOO. In 
1834, Belvidere village was added to it, and in 1836, it was incorporated 
as a city. The water-power of this place is very extensive and easily 
available. A canal 60 feet wide and 8 feet deep, commencing at the head 
of Pawtucket Falls, supplies the factories with the water of Concord 
river. The entire fall is thirty feet. In the factories there are employed 
6,430 females, and about 2,200 males. Besides the factories, there are 
print-works and bleacheries, and new manufactories are constantly being 
added. 

Lowell contains 3 banks, a city hall, court-house, market-house, 23 
churches, a Mechanics' hall, an hospital belonging to the factories, 
several public schools, and 25,000 inhabitants. The Mechanics' Associa- 
tion is a flourisiiing literary society. Besides several newspapers published 
here, there is issued monthly a magazine called the " Offenng," edited, and 
its contributions furnished, by female operatives in the factories, which holds 
a very respectable place among the magazines of the day. Cars arrive 
from, and depart four times daily for Boston, {fare 65 cts.,) and three 
times for Concord, jV*. H. Stages leave three times a week for J^ew- 
buryport, Worcester, and also for Brattlehoro, Vt. 

Andover, 23 miles north from Boston, contains 2 banks, 5 churches, 
llie Andover Theological Seminary, Philips' Academy, and about 3,000 
inhabitants. The Tiieological Seminary was founded in 1807. It has 5 
professors — one of sacred literature, one of Christian theology, one of 
sacred rhetoric and ecclesiastical history, and one assistant professor — 86 
students, 965 graduates, and 17,500 volumes in its libraries. Commence- 
ment is on the 4tii Wednesday of September. Funds to the amount of 




STATE OF MASSACHUSETTS, 



31 




$400,000 have been contributed by a few benevolent donors. Philips' 
Academy was founded in 1778, and has a fund of $50,000. The number 
of students is limited to 130, all of whom study the learned languages. 
Cars arrive from, ami il cpnrt for Bnntnir tirice linily- 

i'LYMOUTH lies 37 miles SE. from Boston, on Plymouth bay. It has the 
noble distinction "- _ 

ol'being the place ^.f' ~ ^---J^ ~- ~ __ Z=- 

where the "Pil- \ r,f^ ~- \ 

grim fathers" f'^^ pMSi S— ^l*"'^'fef' "-"^ ■^■. '■■= 
landed, after their a!^r:4i;jSliiL..'V«M'^' '"S-^^T^? "%. , 
perilous voyage, : 
on the twenty 
secondofDecem- 
ber, 1620, and 
also of being the 

first town budt in New England, by cuihzed man. Plymouth con- 
tains a court-house, 6 churches, 2 banks, 2 academies, and about 
5,500 inhabitants. The rock on which the Pilgrims landed has been con- 
veyed to the centre of the village. The anniversary of the landing is 
celebrated annually. In Pilgrim Hall is a large painting representing 
the landing from the Mai/ flower — the chair of Governor Carver — the sword- 
blade of Oapt. Miles Standish, and other curiosities. Cars arrive from, 
and depart twice daily for Boston, {fare $1.) Stages leave three times 
a week for Barnstable, for Falmouth, for J^ew Bedford, and fur Taunton. 

Nkvv Bedford, a port of entry, and the semi-capital of Bristol coun- 
ty, is 56 miles _— ^-i. ^ -; --= ___ ^^ 
south of Bos- 
ton. Population 
15,000. It is on 
the west side of 
an arm of the 
sea which sets 
up from Buz- 
zard's bay. The 
ground rises rap- 
idly from the water, and presents a tine appearance when approached 
from the sea. A wooden bridge and causeway, three-fourths of a mile long, 
connects it with Fairhaven. It contains a jail, court-house, 4 banks, a 
savings institution, and 18 churches. The harbor is safe and com- 
modious, but not easy of access. The whale fishery is extensively carried 
on here. There is a Friends' academy exclusively devoted to the edtca- 
tion of females. As early as the year 1764, we find the settlers of the 
village of Bedford sending out small craft in search of the greasy monsters, 
some of which reached as far south as the Falkland Islands. Twice has 
the whale fishery been interrupted by war with Britain, but vigorously 
and successfully renewed as often, and is now continually increasing. 
The vessels engaged in the fishery amount to 229, all ships but four, having 
on board 6,000 seamen. Cars arrive from, and dfpart twice, daily fur 
Boston, {fare $1.50.) Steamboats leave daihi for JVantucket ; stages 
3 times a week for Prwidence, forJVewport, and also for Barnstable, via 
Sandwich. 

Taunton, semi-capital of Bristol county, 36 miles south of Boston, 
is pleasantly situated at the head of navigation on Taunton river. The 
village contains a court-house, a town house, 9 churches, 3 banks. 




32 



STATE OF MASSACHUSETTS. 



,i 



MmSB^ 4?s$^^^fe 



and 8,000 inhabitants. Iron works were established here in 1652. Cart 
arrive from, and depart twice daily for Boston, and for JVcw Bedford, 
and also for Fall River. 

Fall River, Bristol county, Massachusetts, is 53 miles south from 
Boston. Watuppa Pond, 2 miles east of the village, is 11 miles long and 
1 brond, and constitutes by its outlet. Full River. Tli s river, which is 
an unfailing stream, descends 140 feet in 8(1 rods, creaiiig an immense 
water power. It enters Taunton river on the east side, at its entrance into 
Mount Hope bay, producing a fine harbor, navigable for the largest ships. 
It is safe and easy of access. The village contains I!} churches, 'i banks, 
several factories, and 7,000 inhabitants. Jl steamboat plies daily to Prov- 
idence, R. I. Cars arrive from, and depart daily for Boston, (fare SI.45.} 
Worcester, capital of the county of the same name, is 44 miles west 
by south from Boston. This village is one of the finest and largest of the 
inland towns of New England. It contains a court-house, 4 bunks, 7 
churches, and 7,500 inhabitants. The hall oj 
the Jimerican Jintiquarian Society has a cen- 
tral building, 46 feet long and .3(3 feet wide, 
with a neat Doric portico ; and two wings, 28 
feet long and 21 feet wide. It has a library of 
12,000 volumes, containing many rare and 
valuable works relating to American history, 
and inter('>ting spccimt ni of early printing, nearly half of them dona- 
tions from Isaiah Thomas, Esq., its first president, and author of the 
•' History of Printing." The Massachusetts Lunatic Asylum, is a com- 
modious building. Cars arrive from, and depart several times daily for 
Boston ; also for .Many, via Springfield; New Haven, via Springfield 
and Hartford ; Allyn's Point, via Norwich ; and Providence, via IVoon- 
socket Falls. Sia::es leave 3 times a week for Lowell; for Nashua, 
N. H, via Fitchburg; for Keene, N. H. ; for BratUeboro, Ft., and for 
Greenfield, Mass. 
gpiUNOfiKLP capital of Hampden county, is on the left bank of the Con- 

nfcti<;ut river, 
26 miles north 
from Hartford, 
'*8 west from 
Boston. Popuia- 
iKinl 1,000. The 
nnm street ex- 
tends along the 
(T between 2 

\ ■<-^i^a>»;S7 ft iX!^ i | ' ^ f^^ Sfe^^S B p Bj^^ !^^WSBi^^^ and three miles. 
iT.e nuu,t,-, sue »e,. l.u.lt, a„J r.....,j wt tt.v.n. ck^'.ii.l. Tht town contains 
a court-house, jail, 8 churches, two banks, and one of the most extensive 
United States arsenals of construction in the country. The armory is situ- 
ated on elevated ground, half a mile east of the village. The buildings 
are very extensive, of brick, and admirably arranged for the manufacture 
and storage of fire arms. The establishment has 250 workmen, and com- 
pletes 45 muskets daily. The water-power here employed is owned by 
the United States. It operates upon 18 water-wheels. Jl steamboat plies 
from Springfi'id to Hartford daily. Cars arrive from, and drpart for 
Boston, for New Haven, for Mhany, and for Northampton, twice daily. 
Stages leave for .N'orwich, Ct., 3 times a week. 
Northampton, capital of Hampshire county. 




93 miles west from 



STATE OF MASSACHUSETTS. 33 

BoBton. Population 3,700. The village is on the right bank of Con- 
necticut river, and is regarded as one of the most pleasant for residence 
in New England. Round Hill, a considerable elevation in the west part 
of the village, is the seat of the celebrated Round Hill Seminary, on the 
plan of a German gymnasium. 'J'he village contains a court-house, a 
town-hall, 2 banks, and (i churches. Tlie Female Seminary here, is pa- 
tronized from ail parts of the United States. The scenery around is 
highly picturesque, including the beautiful valley of the Connecticut, and 
Mount Holyoke, 830 teet high, on the opposite side of the river, whose 
fop atJbrds one of the tinest views in this part of the United States. Cars 
arrive from, and depart for Springfield, seocral tiuus daily. Stages 
leave dail.i/ for the IVkite Mountains, via Greevjield, Brattleboro, Vt., 
Bellows' Falls, He. ; and also for Mbany, JV. Y. 

Amherst, 82 miles west from Boston, contains 3 churches, a bank, 
an academy, and 2,500 inhabitanU. Amherst College was founded in 
,1821, and incorporated in 1825. It has a president, 11 professors or 
other instructors, 662 alumni, 142 students, and 15,000 volumes in its 
Lbraries. The philosophical apparatus is very complete, and it has a 
valuable cabinet of natural history, including mineralogy. Commence- 
menton the fourth Thursday in July. Stages leave daily for Springfi,eld-, 
and 3 times a week for J^Torfhampton, and also for tVorcester. 

Greenfikld, 92 miles WNVV. from Boston, is situated on the right 
bank of the Connecticut river, and contains a court-house, a town-house, 
a bank, 5 churches, the Greenfield Institute for males, the Greenfield High- 
school for young ladies, and about 150 dwellings. Stages leave daily far 
JVortkampton and also for Brattleboro, Vt., and 3 times a week for 
Fitcliburg, and also for Jllbany, via Williamstown. 

WiLLiAMSTOWN is 131 u)iles west by north from Boston. The village is 
on uneven ground, and contains a church, an academy, the buildings of 
Williams College, and about 50 dwellings. Williams College was founded 
in 1793. It has a president and 7 professors, 967 alumni, 144 students, and 
7,500 volumes in its libraries. The commencement is on the third Wed- 
nesday in August. Stages pass through the village 3 times a week from 
Pittsfield, from Greenfield, and from Bennington, Vt. 

PiTTSFiELD, 151 miles from Boston, 33 from Albany, is situated on the 
Housatonic river, which here attbrds an immense hydraulic power, giving 
motion to several mills and manufactories. The village contains five 
churches, a bank, and the Berkshire Medical Institution, founded in 
1823, having 5 professors, 100 students, and 500 graduates ; the lectures 
commence on the first Thursday in September. Cars pass through this 
place twice daily for Boston, via Springfield ; and for .Albany, JV. Y. 

Nantucket is suuated on an island of the same mime, 30 miles from 
the main shore, and 109 SSE. from Boston. It has a good harbor, nearly 
land-locked by two projecting beaches. About 150 vessels belong to this 
port, and are nearly all engaged in the whale fishery. The village is com- 
pactly built, and contains a court-house, 9 churches, 3 banks, an atlieneum, 
with a neat edifice, and a library of over 2,000 volumes, a museum, and 
the Coftin School. This school was endowed by its founder. Admiral Sir 
Isaac Coffin, of the British navy, with a building and je2,.i00 sterling for 
its support. Jl steambontpl'es daily to JVew Bedford via Holmes' Hole, S,-c. 

Hopkivton Mineral Spring is 77 miles from Boston, and 3i miles from the 
depot at Westborough : the waters contain carlionic acid, and carbonate of 
lime, and iron. There is a large and commodious hotel, near Whitehall 
Pond at tliis place. 

2* 



34 



STATE OF RHODE ISLAND. 



{^^^ 




RTTOnE IFL-XNO is the smallest state in the Union, 
hi iKj about 49 miles long and '29 broad, containing 1,360 
&(lii irt niikft, ot which Narragansett bay includes 130; 
u)<\ the whole state contains but 870,400 acres. Popu- 
lition m 1840 108,830. 

This >tite on the north and west is hilly and broken, 

but btconiFs gradually level towards the sea. The 

^ I Islands in N.irr.igansett bay are distinguished by their 

' ^ ' ' pleasing and diversified scenery and fertile soil. Tlie 

climate is healthy, particularly on the islands, where the sea-bn ezes have 
the effect not only of mitigating the heat in summer, but moderating the 
cold in winter, and rendering the climate truly delightful. The rivers, 
though not large, furnish many fine mill-seats, which are extensively used 
for manufacturing purposes. The principal are — Pawtucket, Providence. 
Pawtuxet, Pawcatuck, and Wood rivers. Narragansett bay is a fine 
body of water, and contains a number of beautiful and fertile islands. 
Among them is Rhode Island, which gives name to the state. 

The government consists of a governor, a senate, and house of repre- 
ientalives. The governor and lieutenant-governor are appointed annually 
by the people. The senate consists of the lieutenant governor and one 
member from each town or city in the state. The house of representa- 
tives consists of 69 members, and cannot exceed 72. The judicial power 
is vested in a supreme court, and such inferior courts as the General As- 
sembly shall from time to time establish. Every person who is a citizen 
of the United States, of the age of 21 years, who has resided in the state 
one year, and in the county six months in which he offers his vote, is a 
legal voter, under the following regulations: 1st, all citizens native or 
naturalized, without regard to color, who are possessed of a freehold of 
$134, or renting for $7 per annum ; 2d, all nntive citizens, without regard 
to color, who either pay a property tax of one dollar or a voluntary 
registry tax of one dollar. A residence at any garrison or naval station in 
the state does not give a legal residence. 

Brown University was founded at Warwick in 1764, but removed to 
Providence in 1770. It is under the direction of the Baptists. There are 
in the state 55 academies or grammar schools, and 500 common schools. 

Rhode Island was first settled by Roger Williams in 1636. It was the 
Inst of the old thirteen states that adopted the constitution of the United 
States, which it did May 20th, 1790, by a niiijority of two votes. 

WooNsorKKT F.\LLs, 15 miles NNW. from Providence, is situated at 
the falls of Blackstone river. The village is partly in Smithfield. On the 
Cumberland side it contains 6 churches and 2 banks. It has a great 
number of factories, and about 4,000 inhabitants. The Blackstone canal 
passes through the village. Cars pass throvffh it dailp from Provi- 
dence and fVarccster. Stages leave for Boston 3 times a week. 



STATE OF RHODE ISLAND. 35 

Bristol lies 18 miles S. by E. from Providence, on a branch of Narragiiii- 
eett buy. It contains a court-liouse, market house, 2 banks, 5 cimrches, 
and altoiit U.OUO inliabitants. Mount Hope lies about 2 miles northeast 
from the court-house. This was in (3arly times the favorite residence of 
King Philip, the celebrated Pequod chief, so formidable an enemy of the 
colonists. From its summit a beautiful view is obtained of the buy and 
the surrounding country. SteamOoats ply iiaily to and from Providence. 

Providknce, city, and one of the capitals of the state, is situated at 
the head of Narragansett bay, on the tfeekonk or Providence river, 35 
miles from the ocean, and is in 41" 49' 22" N. lat., and 71" 24' 48" VV. Ion. 
It is 42 miles SSW. from Boston, 173 east from New York, and 39(j from 
Washington. Population 32,000. The compact part of the city lies on 
both sides of the river, and is connected by two bridges, one of which is 
90 feet wide. The principal wholesale business is done on the east side. 
The Blackstone canal terminates here. Among the public buildings are, 
the State House. 

City Hall, Ar . ^ 

cade, 21 banks, 
the state prison, 
hospital, a thta 
tre, the custom 
house, atheneim 
33 churches, tliO; 
halls of Brown' 
University, a high 

school, and se\eral public «clio()i~. Tlu iMuldim;-. ot Brown Lnirtr^iU/ 
occupy a ctmmandmg situation on Pro-ptct street, at the In ad of 
College-street, on the east side of the river. It has a president and 8 
professors, 1,(590 alumni, 140 students, and 25,000 volumes in its libraries. 
The commencement is oh the first Wednesday in September. It has an 
extensive philosophical and chemical apparatus ; and the cabinets of 
mineralogy and natural history are very complete. The Friends' Boarding 
School, three-quarters of a mile northeast from the University, is a 
flourishing institution, with 10 instructors and 200 pupils. The Atheneum, 
founded in 1836, has a handsome granite building and 12,000 volumes in 
its library. The town was settled in 1636 by Roger Williams, who fled 
from Massachusetts on account of his religious opinions, and who adopted 
the principles of universal toleration. Steamboats arrive frovi, and 
depart daily for J^ew York, {fare 2 to $3,) and for J^eicport, and also fur 
Fall River, Mass. Cars leave daily for Boston, (fare $1.25,) and for 
Stonington, and also for fVorcester, via fVoonsockrt Falls. Stages ar- 
rive from, and depart daily for jYeio port, and also fur J^cw Btdford, via 
Fall river; and 3 times a week for Hartford. 

Newport, the capital of Newport county, and one of the capitals of 
the state, is situated on the SW. side of Rhode Island, 71 miles SW, 
from Boston. The harbor, enclosed by Brenton's Point on the SW. 
and Goat Island in front, is safe, and has a depth of water sufficient for the 
iargest ships. The hariior is defended by forts Adams and Green. The 
town is beautifully situated, being built on a gentle acclivity, which rises 
gracefully from the water. Its healthful climate, pleasing scenery, and 
the cooling sea-breezes, have rendered it a favorite summer resort. It 
contains a state-house, market-bouse, tlieatre, almshouse, a library con- 
taining over 4,000 volumes, many of them rare old folios, 3 academies, 7 
banKs, 13 churches, and 9,000 inhabitants. Newport is unrivalled in its 




fish-market, having nearly 60 different kinds of scale and shell fish, and in 
great abundance. Steamboats arrive from, and depart daily for JV*ettJ 
Yurk, and also for Providence, and 3 times a week for JVew Bedford. 

Pawtucket, four miles north of Providence, is situated on both sides 
of Pawtucket river. It is a large and flourishing manufacturing village, 
and contains 9 churclies, 3 banks, 12 cotton factories, and about 6,000 
inhabitants. 





CONNECTICUT, the southernmost of the eastern 
states, lies between 4lo and 42^ 2' N. lat., and 71° 20' 
and 73*^ 15' W. Ion. It contains 4,674 square miles, 
^j|^ Of 2,29], 300 acres. Pop. in 1840, 300,015. 

Thougli generally liilly and broken, no part of the 
2^ surftice rises to a great elevation above the sea. The 
^^^>^>.-^jk;«»»=?^' greatest elevation is a range of mountains commencing 
^|(^^b^/^=^^^ at a blutf called East Rock, near lUiiW Haven, and 
continuing northward through the state. The liiUs are generally of mod- 
erate size, and occur in quick succession, in ranges trending northward, 
presenting to the traveller an ever varying prospect. The soil is generally 
fertile, but better adapted to grazing than tillage. 

Tiie three principal rivers are the Connecticut, navigable for vessels 
drawing eight feet of water, 50 miles to Hartford, crossing the state nearly 
in the middle, and entering the Sound between Saybrook and Lyme ; the 
Ilousatonic, navigable for small vessels 12 miles to Derby, and entering 
the Sound between Milfoid and Stratford ; the Thames, navigable 14 
miles to Norwich, and entering the Atlantic at New London. Farmington 
and Naugatuck are considerable streams, furnishing extensive water- 
power. I'he principal seaports are New London, New Haven, and 
Bridgeport. Long Island Sound extends the whole length of the state. 

This state has 3 colleges: — Yale College, at New Haven, jone of the 
oldest, and also the most flourishing institution of the kind in the United 
States ; Washington College, at Hartford ; and the Wesleyan University, 
at Middletown. There are in the state 130 academies, and 1,700 common 
and primary schools. Connecticut hns a larger school fund than any of 
the otlier states, amounting to about §2,000,000. 

The government is vested in a governor, lieutenant-governor, who is 
president of the senate, and a senate and house of representatives. The 
nenate consists of not less than 18, nor more than 24 members. Most of 
the towns choose two representatives ; some, of less population, but one. 
The sessions of the legislature are held annually, alternately at Hartford 
and New Haven. The Supreme Court consists of five judges, appointed 
by the legislature, who hold their ollices during good behavior, or until 
they are 70 years of age. 



STATE OF CONNECTICUT. 61 

The colony of Connecticut was settled in 1633, at Windsor, by emi- 
grants from Massachusetts, who penetrated t!i rough the wilderness. Hart- 
ford was settled by tlie English in 1635, the Dutch having previously buiit 
a fort there. The colony at New Haven was settled by the English in 
1638. By a charter granted by Cliarles [I., in 1665, these colonies were 
united. During the tyranny of Andros, an attempt was made to procure 
a surrender of the charter. The subject was publicly debated in the 
evening, at Hartford, when suddenly tlie candles were extinguisiied, and 
the charter was hid in the hollow of an oak tree, which has become 
famous since as the Charter Oak. This charter continued to be the basis 
of the government until the year 1818. Tlie constitution of the United 
States was adopted in a convention, January 9, 1788 ; yeas 128, nays 40. 

New Haven, the capital of New Haven county, and semi-capital of 
the state, is beautifully situated round the head of a bay which sets up 
four miles from Long Island Sound. Population in 1840, ]'2,y60. 

It lies on a plain with a gentle inclination towards the water, skirted in 
other directions by an amphitheatre of hills, two of which present at 
their- termination bold bluflTs which rise almost perpendicularly to tlie 
huight of 370 feet. From these elevations a fine view of the surrounding 
country may be had, including in its range the Sound, which is here 20 
miles wide. The city extends about three miles from east to west, and 
two miles from north to south, and is laid out with regularity. The 
public square, shaded with elms, is one of the finest in the country. The 
State House, a large and well-constructed building of the Grecian Doric 
order, is on the western portion of the square, and on the west side, facing 
the east, is the fine range of buildings belonging to Yale College. The 
houses of the city are generally built of wood, neatly painted white, and 
surrounded by gardens ornamented with shrubbery and fruit trees. As a 
place fur a quiet and elegant residence, it is unsurpassed. The city con- 
tains 20 churches, a custom-house, an alnisho\ite, a mu.-eum, 3 banks, and 
a savings in^ti- 
tution. But the 
most import.uit 
public insfitutu)n 
is Yale College. 
It was foundc d , 
at Killingvvnrih, ; 
in 1701, and per > 
manentiy est ib 
lishyd at Nt\\ 

Haven in 1717 Thm .n ,m ' n, _, i iiK, |(U te, t |,., j ij iO i, ct 
wide, and four stories high. J here is nisd another liail fur tlieological 
students, and three other buildings, denominated the chapel, the lyceum, 
and the atheneum. In the rear of tlie main buildings is another range, 
consisting of a chemical laboratory, the Commons' hall, which has in its 
second story the most complete mineralogical cabinet in the United 
States, and a building containing a fine collection of paintings by Col. 
Trumbull and others. A short distance from these are the buildings de- 
voted to the law and medical departments. Yale College has a greater 
number of students than any other college in the United States. It has a 
president and 31 professors, 394 students, 5,463 alumni, and 34,500 volumes 
in its libraries. The commencement is on the third Tiiursday in August, 
The Medical Institute of Yale College, fimnded in 1810, has 6 professors. 
34 students, and 810 graduates. Lectures commence six weeks after the 




Jiird Thursday in August. There are in this city 11 select schools for 
males, 10 seminaries for females, 2 Lancasterian schools, besides many others. 

New Haven was settled in 163d. In July, 1779, the British under Gen. 
Tryun had possession of the town for a few days, and committed many 
outrages. Steamboats arrive fi-om, and depart daily fur JViw York. Cars 
leaoe dmly for Boston via Hartford and Springfield. Stages leave daily 
for JVew York, via Bridgeport ; 3 times a week for JV'eu? London ; for 
Middietown ; for Fannin gton ; and for Litchfield. 

Hartford, capital of Hartford county, and semi-capital of the state, is 
situated on the right bank of (Jounecticut river, at the head of sloop 
navigation, 50 miles from its mouth. Population in 1840, 9,468. 

Among the public buildings, the State House, standing on a public 
square fronting iMain-street, is conspicuous. It is of the Doric order of 
archiiecture, 114 feet long, and, with the porticoes, 76 feet wide. The 
legislature meets here on each alternate year. The City Hall, fronting on 
Market-street, is a large and commodious building. Washington College 
occupies an elevated position, in the southwest part of the city. Its main 
building is 148 feet long, 43 wide, and 4 stories high. This institution, 
founded in 1824, has a president and 7 professors or other instructors, 
257 alumni, 80 students, and 6,500 volumes in its libraries. The com- 
mencement is on the first Thursday in August. It is under the direction 
of the Episcopalians. The American Asylum for the Instruction of the 
Deaf and Dumb, was the first institution of the kind established in the 
United States. Its principal building is 130 feet long, 50 teet wide, and 
4 stories high. Attached to it are eight or ten acres of land. The Re- 
treat for the Insane is located li miles southwesterly from the State 
House: the situation is elevated, and overlooks a wide extent of in- 
teresting scenery. The grounds around the buildings are hamlsomely 
laid out in walks ornamented with shrubbery and extensive gardens. 
The main building is 254 feet square and 3 stories high, with wings 2 
stories high, each 70 feet long and 30 feet wide. The Atheneum is an ele- 
gant edifice of the Gothic order, on IMain-street. The " Charter Oaii," 
which is still vigorous, deserves mention as an object of interest. Hart- 
ford contains 13 churches, 5 banks, 2 markets, and an arsenal. The first 
settlement here was made by the Dutch from New York, in 1033. Steam- 
boats arrive from, and depart daily for Mew York. Cars leave daily 
for Albany via Springfield, Mass., for Boston, and for jYcw Haven. 
Stages leave daily for Litchfield, and also f/r Poughlurpsie, vV. Y., via 
Canaan ; 3 times a week for Providence, R. I. ; for J^Turwich, jYcw Lon- 
don, and also JVew Haven, via Middietown. 

New London, city, and port of entry, and semi-capital of New London 
county, is 54 miles east from New Haven and 120 from New York. It is 
on the right bank of Thames river, 3 miles from its mouth, and is built on 
a declivity which descends to the south and east. Hack of the city the 
ground rises to a considerable height, from the elevated part< of which a 
fine view is obtained of the surrounding country. It contains a court- 
house, a custom house, 3 banks, an almshouse, 2 markets, 9 churches, and 
7,000 inhabitants. The harbor is the best in the state, easy of access, spacious, 
and safe, having a depth of water for the largest ships of war. There are 
belonging to this place 50 ships and several smaller vessels engaged in the 
whale fishery. In September, 1781, a large portion of the city was burned 
by the British under Arnold. Fort Griswold, in Groton, was captured, 
and a large part of the garrison niassaired. A graniie obi-hsk, 125 feet 
high, erected neur the j-pot, commemorates the event ; and on a tablet are 



STATE OF CONNECTICUT. 39 

inscribed the names of those, who fell. Steamboats leave dai/'j for JVew 
York. Stia/nhoats hi connection with cars leave daily fur Boston via 
jsr.irwich and Worcester, Mass. Stages leave 3 times a week for Stun- 
inston ; for Prooidence, R. I. ; for Hartford ; and also for JVew 
Haoen. 

Norwich, semi-capital of New London county, is situated at the 
junction of the Yantic and Shetucket rivers with the Thames. The city 
is huilt on a steep acclivity, the houses on each street, as you ascend, 
overlooking those on the streets below. It is at tlie head of navigation 
on the Thames river, and has a court-house, town-house, 4 banks, 8 
churches, 3 academies, and about 5,000 inhabitants. The falls of the 
Yuntic are singularly wild and picturesQue. From a high projecting rock 
which overhangs the foot of those falls, the Mohegan warriors plunged to 
destruction, when pursued by the Narnigiinsetts. The town formerly be- 
longed lo the Mohegan Indians, the burial place of whose kings is still to 
be i^een here. Cars arrive from, and depart for Boston daily , and steam- 
boats leave daily for J^'ew York. Stages leave 3 times a week for Hart- 
ford, and for Springfield, Mass. 

Stonington, 71 miles from New Haven, is situated on a rocky point of 
land, which projects about half a mile into the Sound. It has a good 
harbor, and contains 2 churches, 2 academies, a bank, and about 1,000 
inhabitants. Steamboats arrive from, and depart daily for JVew York. 
Cars arrive from, and depart daily for Boston via Providence. Stages 
leave 3 times a week for Kew London, JVew Haoen, i^-c. 

Stafford Springs are situated on a small branch of Willimantic river, 
24 miles northeast from Hartford. Tiiey have been prcHiounced by 
chemists to be the most efficacious chalybeate springs in the United States. 
There are two distinct springs, one of which contains "a solution of iron, 
sustained by carbonic acid gas, a portion of marine salt, some earthy 
substances, and what has been called natron, or a native alkali." The 
other contains " a large portion of hydrogen gas, of sulpliur, and a small 
proportion of iron." Stages arrioe frovi, and depart daily for Hartford 
during the watering season. 

RliDDLETOWN is on the right bank of Connecticut river, and at the head 
of ship navigation. There are in the city, a court-house, a custom- 
house, 3 banks, 8 churches, the Wesleyan University, 3 academies, and 
about 4,000 inhabitants. The VVesleyau University, under the direction of 
the Methodists, was founded in 1831. It has a president and 8 professors, 
221 alumni, 105 students, and 1,100 volumes in its libraries. The com- 
mencement is on the first Wednesday in August. It has a valuable 
philosophical apptiratus, and mineralogical cabinet. Steamboats arrive 
from, and depart daily for Hartford and J^ew York. Stages leave three 
times a week for Hartford, for ./Vrw Haven, and for Saybrook. 

Bripricport, Fairfield county, situated on the west side of an arm of 
Long Island Sound, is 17 miles WSW. tVom New Haven, and 62 NE. 
frotn New York, and contains 5 churches, 2 banks, several extensive 
manufactories, and about 4,000 inhabitants. Steamboats ply daily to and 
from JVew York. Cars leave daily for -Albany via JVew Milford, Canaan, 
Great Barrington, Mass., (^-c, <S,-c. 

LiTC:HFiKLn, 33 miles west from Hartford, is pleasantly situated on the 
summit of a hill, and contains a court-house, 2 churches, an academy, a 
bank, and about BOO inhabitants. Stages leave daily for Hartford; 3 
tiiiies a week for JVew Haven ; for Cornwall ; and for JVew Milford. 



40 



STATE OF NEW YORK. 




M W \i)liK 1, MtucUd l)t,l\\«eii 40^ 30 and 71«» 
i.")!) A. J.it , .iiul InUvetii 7H db' .ind 79^ 5()' W. Ion., 
.11. il contains an area ot 46,UU0 square miles. Popula- 
I tion 1840, a,4-2«.921 ; 1845, 2,584,365. 

Physical features. — This state is divided into three 
unequal parts, by two great valleys, viz. : First, the 
valley of the Hudson, including the depression in which 
L.ike Cluimplain is situated — or more properly the val- 
li > -^ of tlie Hudson and of Champlain united : Second, 
^th( valleys of the Mohawk and Oneida lake and Os- 
wego river united. The eastern division is a long 
■^^.^-tr: narrow belt extending from New York Island to the 

mail 1)1 l.iki ( h.itnplain. Its eastern limits are the borders of Con- 
neciicut, Ma-^sdchu-etts, and Vermont, with a slope westward to the 
Hudson, traversed longitudinally by several narrow valleys. This division 
comprehends the western s-lope of the Taghkanic Mountain."?, which form 
the watershed that separates the waters flowing into the Hudson from 
those which flow into Long Island Sound. The north division of the state 
is traversed by the Clinton range. There are several subordinate ranges 
connected with this group. It begins at Little Falls, in the valley of 
the Mohawk, and pursues a northeast course across the country to 
Trembleau Point, on the west shore of Lake Champlain. There are 
numerous lofty peaks, which form a remarkable group, and have been 
styled the Adirondack Mountains. Mount Marcy, the highest of the 
range, attains to an elevation 5.467 feet above the sea. Tiiis ridge pre- 
sents the waler-shed of the region, dividing the waters of the Hudson, or 
those which flow south into the Atlantic, from those which flow into the 
Gulf of St. Lawrence. The south division is situated between I<ake 
Ontario and the Mohawk and the Hudson valleys, and Pennsylvania. It 
rises with a gradual ascent until it reaches its maximum height near the 
southern boundary of the state. The southeastern part of this division is 
comprised in three ranges, viz. : the Highlands, broken through by llie 
Hudson ; the Shawangunk ; and the Catskill. 

The principal rivers are the Hudson, 324 miles long, navigable 156 
miles to Troy ; the Mohawk, 135 miles long, which enters the Hudson a 
little above Troy : the Genesee, 125 miles long, which enters Lake On- 
tario, having nt Rocliester, 5 miles from its mouth, two fulls of 96 and 75 
feet ; Black river, which rises near the sources of the Hudson, and flows 
120 miles into Lake Ontario ; the Saranac, 65 miles long, entering Lake 
Champlain at Pluttsburg ; the Oswegatchie, IdO miles, flowing into the 
Si. Lawrence ; the Oswego, proceeding 40 miles from Oneida I..ake into 
liake Ontario ; the Au Sable, rising in the Adirondack Mountains, and 
having a course of 75 miles to Lake Champlain. The majestic St. 



STATE OF NEW YORK. 41 

Lawrence forms a part of the northern boundury of the state. The head 
branches of tlie SusQuehanna, the Alleghany, and the Delaware, rise in 
tJiis state. 

Besides lakes Ontario and Erie on the N., and Champlain on the E , which 
are but partly witliin it, there are wliolly within the state many picturesque 
sheets of water — viz., Lalies George, Oneida, Skaneateles, Owasco, Cayuga, 
Seneca, Crooked lake, Cunandaigua, and Chaulauque. 

The islands belonging to New York are — Long Island, 120 miles long 
from W. to E., with an average width of about J5 miles, within whose 
waters on the east are Fisher's, Shelter, Robin's, and some other islands ; 
Stalen Island, southwest of the harbor of New York, 18 miles long and 
8 wide; Manhattan Island, on which the city of New York stands, ]3i 
miles long and about li wide at an average breadth ; Grand Island, in 
Niagara river, 12 miles long and from 2 to 7 wide, and extending to within 
a short distance of the falls. 

The liarbor of New York is one of the finest in the United States. On 
the bar at Sandy Hook, it has a depth of from 21 to 27 feet. Sag Harbor, 
oil the E., and Brooklyn on the W. end of Long Island, have good harbors. 
Sacketts Harbor has a good natural, and Oswego a good artilicial harbor, 
on Lake Ontario. Buffalo and Dunkirk are harbors on Lake Erie. 

This slate has a number of higiily respectable literary institutions: — 
Columbia College, (formerly King's,) founded in New York in 1754; 
Union College, at Schenectady, founded in 1795 ; Hamilton College, in 
Clinton, founded in 1812; Geneva College, in Geneva, founded in 1823; 
the University of the City of New York, founded in 1831 ; St. John's Col- 
lege, at Fordliani, founded in 1841 ; the Hamilton Literary and Theologi- 
cal Seminary, founded in 1819 ; the Theological Institute of the Episco- 
pal Church, founded in 1819, in the city of New York; the Union 
Theological Seminary, connected with the University, founded in 182(5 ; 
the Theological Seminary, at Auburn, founded in 1821 ; the Hartwick 
Seminary, founded at Hartwick, in Otsego county, in 1816; the Theologi- 
cal Seminary of the Associate Reformed Church, founded at Newburg, in 
1836; the College of Physicians and Surgeons, in the city of New York, 
founded in 1807 ; the Albany Medical College, founded in 1839. There 
are in the state 550 academies, and 12,000 common and primary schools. 

The governor is elected biennially. He must be 30 years of age, be a 
native-born citizen of the United States, and have resided five years 
in the state. The lieutenant-governor is elected in like manner, and 
must possess similar qualifications. He is president of the senate; and 
in case of the disqualification, absence, or death of the governor, discharges 
the duties of that office. The senate consists of 32 members, who are 
chosen for 5 years, one-fourth of whom are elected annually. The as- 
sembly consists of 128 members, elected annually. The governor nom- 
inates all judicial officers, except justices of the peace, and has the power 
of appointment, with the consent of the senate. The judges hold their 
offices during good behavior, or until they are 60 years of age. Every 
male white citizen 21 years of age, who has resided one year in the state, 
and for six months preceding the election in the county where he 
offers his vote, enjoys the right of suftrage. Persons of color are al- 
lowed to vote, who have resided five years in the state, and who possess a 
freehold of $250, and have held it one year previous to the election, and 
paid a tax upon it. 

In 1609, Flendrick Hudson, an English navigator, serving the Dutch 
East India Company, discovered Hudson river, and in 1G14 some Dutch 



42 



STATE OF NEW YORK. 



merchants built a fort where the city of New York now stands. The 
Btate passed into the possession of the English in 1664, who governed 
it down to the revolution, with the exception of a single year. On the 
2Gth of July, 1788, this state in convention adopted tlie constitution of the 
United States ; — yeas 30, nays 25. 




Nkvv\oiik tl ( II Ii I 1 ot \ irih \ii i i. ii 
mtrcixl tily on liit ^loU i^ situated on M ii h ut m 1>1 uul it tliL ton 
fluence of the Hudson with the East river or strait of Long Island 
Sound, in lat. 40° 42' 40", Ion. 74*^ 00' 41" W. from Greenwicli. Its 
harbor is safe, spacious, easy of access, and capable of accommodating 
the united navies of the world. The harbor occupies a wide circuit of 
twenty-five miles, everywhere bounded with variegated scenery, villages, 
and country seats, and embosoms several beautiful islands. New York 
has communication, by steam and sailing packets, to all the principal sea- 
ports of America, Europe, Africa, Asia, East and West Indies, and the 
Islands of the Pacific. Its progress in population, commerce, and 
wealth, has no parallel. Population in 17i»0 was 33.131 ; in 1800, 60,489 ; 
in 1810, 96,373; in 1820, 123,706; in 1830, 202.589; in 1840, 312,710; 
in 1845, 371.223. 

The streets were originally laid out according to the surface of the 
ground, and some of them were crooked ; but in later times they have 
been widened and improved. No city can exhibit a more beautiful plan 
than the northern portion ofNewYork. Principal business streets : — Broad- 
way extends from the Battery nearly three miles to Union Sanarc. It is 
80 feet wide, and occupies the height between the two rivers. It is well 
built, with many fine houses and stores. Being the great promenade of 
the city, it is much resorted to in pleasant weather by the gay and 
fashionable. Pearl-street, between Broadway and the East river, is in 
a crescent form, over a mile long, and is tlie principal seat of tlie whole- 
sale drygoods and hardware business, which has also extended into Cedar, 
Pine, and other adjacent streets. Water and Front streets, between 
Pearl-street and the East river, are occupied chiefly by wholesale grocers, 
commission merchants, and mechanics connected with the shipping 
business. South-street, extending along the margin of East river, con- 
tains the warehouses and oflices of the principal siiipping merchants. 
In front of it is, at all times, a dense forest of masts. Wall-street extends 
from Broadway to the East river, .'ind is occupied by banks, insu- 
rance oHicos, newspaper and brokers' offices, the Custom-house, Mer- 
chants' Exchange, and many fine granite buildings, and is the centre of 
the heaviest money transactions in America. The Bowery is a wide and 
extensive street east of Broadway, running north and south, connected 
with the third avenue, which is macadamized to Harlem, and forms the 
principal entrance to the city from the northeast. 

Public Squares, &c. — The Batter)/, at the southeastern end of the 



STATE OF NEW YORK. 



43 




island, is situated at the junction of the Hudson and East rivers. It is in 
tlie form of a crescent, and contains about 11 acres of ground, tastefully 
laid out, and from it is obtained a fine view of the bay, witli its islands, 
and the adjacent shores. Castle Garden is built on a mole, and con- 
nected with the Buttery by a bridge. It was originally erected as a 
fortification, and having become unnecessary for tiial purpose, was ceded 
by the United States to the corporation of the city, in 1823. It has been 
covered by a roof converting it into an immen.se room, which is used for 
exhibitions, &c. The Buxcling Green, at the soutiiern termination of 
Broadway, is an elliptic il area, 220 ftet long and 140 broid, contninnig a 
fountain supplied by the Croton v\ Uei-\\()rlv> and i» tn(io-~((l by an 
iron railing. It was c-tibli-hid bttoit tin u\ )'iiii n u \U\ u il ( on- 
tained a leaden statue ot 
George III,, which \\ i- I '-^ i^^ 

converted into bulleti ^it 
that period. The Park, 
called in early times the 
Cunuiions, is a triang ul ir 
area of 10| acres, l>ni 
between Broadway, C luii 
liani.aiid Chambers strttt 
It contains the City IJall 
the city buildings, oi old 
Almshouse, the Hall oil 
Records, and Rotunda tor ' 
the exhibition of paintm^s It h t& aKo, low ii(l> it- south p irt. a public 
fountain, within a basin 100 feet in diameter, the water of which ascends 
in a single stream to the height of 70 feet. St. John's Park in Hudson- 
Btrset, containing about four acres of ground, is beautifully laid out with 
walks, shaded with trees, and embellished with a fountain. Washington 
Square, a mile and a half north of the City Hall, between Fourth-street 
and Waverley Place, contains about ten acres of ground. Two-thirds of 
this urea was the Potter's Field until 1827. It is tastefully laid out with 
walks and shaded with trees. Union Square, at the northern termination 
of Broadway, is in an elliptical form, enclosed with a fine iron fence, 
having a public fountain in the centre, with ornamental jets. Tompkivs 
Square, in the northeast part of the city, is a large and ornamented 
ground. Grammercy Park, between the Third and Fourth avenues, is 
small, but very tastefully laid out, and ornamented with trees, shrubbery, 
&c. Madison, Bloomingdale, and Hamilton squares are very extensive 
grounds, but not yet regulated. 

The city of New York has many superb public buildings. The 
most splendid of these is the Merchants^ Exchange, which covers tiie 
whole space between Wall, William, Exchange, and Hanover streets. 
It is built in the most substantial form, of Quincy granite, and is 200 
feet long by 171 to 144 feet wide, 77 feet high to the top of the cor- 
nice, and 124 to the top of the dome. The front on Wall street has 
a recess(^d portico of eighteen massive Grecian-Ionic columns, 38 feet 
high and 4 feet four inches in diameter. Besides numerous other rooms 
for various purposes, the Exchange in the centre is in a circular form, 80 
feet in diameter, with four recesses, making the length and breadth each 
100 feet, the whole 80 feet high, surmounted with a dome resting in part 
on eight Corinthian columns of Itaban marble. 41 feet high, and lighted 
by a skylight 25 feet in diameter. The Custom-house is a fine building, 



44 STATE OF NEW YORK. 

constructed in the Doric order of Grecian arcliitecture. It is built in the 
most substantial manner, of white marble, after the model of the PartJienon 
at Athens, and occupies the site of the old Federal Hall, in the open 
gallery of which, Washin(}ton was inaugurated. Tlie building is 'JUO 
feet long, 9U feet wide, and 80 feet high. At the soutli end on Wall- 
street is a portico of eight columns, 5 feet eight inches in diameter and 32 
feet high ; and on the north end on Pine-street is a corresponding portico. 
The great business hall is a circular room, 60 feet in diameter, with 
recesses and galleiies, making it 80 feet in diameter, surmounted by a 
dome, supported by 16 Corinthian columns 30 feet high. The City Hall 
is beautifully situated in the Park; it is 216 feet long and ]05 wide. The 
front is ornamented with columns and pilasters of the Ionic, Corinthian, 
and Composite orders, rising above each other in regular gradations. 
There are 'JB offices and other public rooms, the most conspicuous of 
which are the Governor's-room, and the Chambers of the Common 
Council and Assistant Aldermen. The Governor'' s-roomis appropriated to 
the governor of the state when he visits the city, and has been used as a 
reception-room for other distinguished persons. It is 5i by 20 feet. The 
walls are hung with a fine collection of portraits, including the governors 
of the state, the mayors of the city, since the revolution, some of. the 
Dutch governors, and tiie principal military and naval heroes. The 
Common Council Room is 4'i by 30 feet, and the president occupies tiie 
eame chair in which General Washington sat when he presided over the 
first American Congress, which assembled in New York. The room con- 
tains several fine full-length portraits painted by Trumbull, of which 
that of Washington is thought the best in existence. The Superior Court 
Room is very neat and conveniently fitted up for its purpose. To the 
east of the City-hall is the Hall of Records ; it has a lofty portico of four 
Ionic pUlars on each front; and in the rear of it, are the City Buildings, 
containing the United States Court rooms and several public offices. The 
Hall of Justice occupies the whole space between Centre, Elm, Leonard, 
and Franklin streets, and is an elegant building of the Egyptian order of 
architecture. 

There are 215 churches m the city ; many of them have been recently 
built, and are expensive, elegant, and commodious buildings. 

New York contains several literary institutions. The oldest is Columbia 
College, chartered by George II. in 1754, by the name of King's College, 
and confirmed, with alterations, by the legislature of New York, in 1784, 
It has a president, and 10 profe.<.sors, 1,170 alumni, 124 students, and 
14,000 volumes in its libraries. The buiJding is situated on a' beautiful 
square at the head of Park Place, and contains a chapel, lecture room, 
halls, museum, and an extensive philosophical and chemical apparatus. 
The funds amount to about $200,000. The commencement is on the Tues- 
day preceding the last Wednesday in September. There is a flourishing 
grammar school attached to the institution. The University of the city 
of New York, in University Place, has a fine edifice of white marble, in 
the Gothic style of architecture. This institution, founded in 1831, has a 
chancellor and 12 professors, (besides 6 professors in its medical de- 
partment,) and in all its departments 737 students— viz., undergraduates, 
145; inedical, 343; grammar school, 249. It has a valuable library and 
philosophical apparatu.s. The General Theological Seminary of the Prot. 
Epis. Church in the U. S., cornerof Ninth avenue and 2l8t-strcet, founded in 
1819, contains two handsome buildings, and has 6 professors, 74 students, 
and 9,350 volumes in its library. The Union Theological Seminary, 



STATE OF NEW YORK. 45 

(Presbyterian,) organized in 1836, has 6 professors, 104 students, and 
16,000 volumes in its liljiary Tiie Rutser's Fenmle Institute, in Madison- 
street, has a vaiuuhle library and philosopbicdl app:iratus. The Me- 
chanics' Society School, in Crosby-street, has a number of teachers and 
500 pupils. The College of Physicians and Surgeons, founded in 1807, 
has a handsome edifice in Crosby-street ; it has 6 professors, about 220 
students, a library of 2,000 volumes, and a superior museum of anatomical 
preparations. Tlie lectures commence on the first Moiidiiy in November, 
and continue four months. The New York Hospital, handsomely situ- 
ated ill Broadway, has extensive buildings. The Eye Infirmary has 
four surgeons attached to it. The New York Lunatic Asylum, con- 
nected with the New York Hospital, located at Bloomingdale, has a 
large and fine building, attached to which are 40 acres of ground, taste- 
fully laid out in gardens, pleasure-grounds, and gravelled walks; it 
occupies one of the most elevated sites on the island. The Deaf and 
Dumb Asylum is on .50tli- street, near the Fourth avenue, and has a 
principal and 8 instructors. The Institution for the Blind, on the 8th 
avenue, has about 70 pupils. 

The New York Society Library, an old institution, founded in 1754, 
has an elegant edifice on Broadway at the corner of Leonard-street, and 
besides spacious accommodations for the library, has a handsonje and 
conjmodious lecture-room, and the rooms of the Academy of Design. 
The library, which contains about 40,000 volumes, is open on every 
week day. The Historical Society, at the University, has a valuable 
library of 12,000 volumes, besides a collection of coins, medals, and 
manuscripts ; it has published several volumes of historical collections. 
The National Academy of Design, instituted in 1826, has purchased the 
statuary of the Academy of Fine Arts, and exhibits annually a large col- 
lection of paintings by living artists. Its exhibitions open on the 15th of 
April and close on the 4th of July annually ; the same painting is not al- 
lowed to be exhibited twice. Clinton-hall Association was founded in 
1830 for the promotion of Literature, Science, and tlie Arts, and is the 
proprietor of Clinton-hall, in which the Mercantile Library is located. 
The Mercantile Library Association was formed in 1H20 for the special 
benefit of merchants' clerks. It has a library of 21,000 volumes, and a 
reading-room much frequented. It sustains, in the winter season, an in- 
teresting course of literary and scientific lectures. The Apprentices' 
Library, in Crosby-street, contains 12,000 volumes. The American In- 
stitute, incorporated in 1829, for the encouragement of Agriculture, (Com- 
merce, and Manufactures, has a valuable library, reading-room, and a 
collection of models of machinery. It holds an annual fair. The New 
York Lyceum, founded in 1838, sustains, in the winter season, an able 
course of lectures. The Mechanics' Institute contains a library of about 
2,000 volumes, a reading-room, supplied with the reviews, literary and 
scientific journals, and newspapers ; a museum of models of machinery, 
and a valuable chemical and philosophical apparatus. It has established 
an annual course of lectures ; and also two schools, one for each of the 
sexes. There are many religious charitable institutions which have their 
centre in New York. 

There are 25 Banks in the city of New York, with an aggregate capital 
of 28 millions of dollars; several marine insurance companies, with a 
total capital of about 3 millions ; 26 fire insurance companies, with an ag- 
gregate capital of about 8 millions ; besides several mutual insurance 
companies. There are four savings banks, 15 markets, five theatres, an 



h 




46 STATE OF NEW YORK. 

opera-'nouse, a museum, and a circus. During the summer there are 
tliciitrical performances at. Castle Garden and Niblo's Garden. 

Tiiere are in New York many splendid hotels, of which the Aster 
House, is the most remarkable. 

The Croton.JcjucduU commences at the Croton river, five miles from 

tlie Hudson, in Westches- 
t( r county. The iJam is 
jCi ->J0 ^^^' 'o"g' ''0 feet wide 
*)1y^ lit the bottom, and 7 at 
-'^ the top, and 40 feet high, 
-.„^^ built of stone and cement, 
g;* It creates a pond 5 milea 
'long, covering a surface 
: of 400 acres, and contain- 
.nig 500 millions of gallons 
f water. From the dam, 
lie Aqueduct proceeds, 
soinetuneB lunntlling tlirougli =uiid rucK.^, cro-sing valleys by embank- 
ments, and brooks by culverts, until it reaches Harlem river, a distance of 
33 miles. It is built of stone, brick, and cement, arched over and under, 
6 feet three inches wide at bottom, 7 feet eight inches at top of the side 
walls, and 8 feet five inches high ; has a descent of 13i inches per mile, 
and will discharge 60 millions of gallons every twenty-four hours. It 
crosses the Harlem river on a magnificent bridge of stone, 1,450 feet long, 
with 14 piers, 8 of them bearing arclics of 80 feet span, and seven others 
of 50 feet span, 114 feet above tide-water, at the top. The receiving 
reservoir, at 8(5th-street, 38 miles from the Croton dam, covers 35 acres, 
and holds 150 millions of gallons. The distributing reservoir, on Murray's 
Hill in 40th street, covers 4 acres, and is constructed of stone and ce- 
ment, 45 feet high above the street, and holds twenty millions of gallons. 
Thence the water is distributed over the city in iron pipes, laid so deep 
under ground as to be secure from frost. The whole cost of the work has 
been about 13 millions of dollars. The water is of the purest kind of 
river water. There are laid below the distributing reservoir in 40th- 
fitreet, more than 170 miles of pipe from 6 to 36 inches in diameter. 

There are not more than four cities in Europe larger than New York, 
viz., London, Paris, Constantniople, and St. Petersburg. 

Steamboats leave daily fur Boston on four routes, viz. : via Providence, 
via Stonington ; via J^ew London and ^dllt/n's Point ; and via JVtw 
Haven, {see routes 122, 123, 124, 125 :) and daily for Bridgeport, JSTor- 
walk, JVew Rochdle, Flushing, Glen Cove, Oyster Bay, Port Jefferson, 
<S-c. On the Hudson, several lines run daily for .rithany, {fare 50 cts. 
to $2,) and also to the intermediate places, {see route 128;) a line runs 
daily fur Piermont, {where it connects with the J^'ew Turk and Erie 
railroad, see route 131,) and also for Philadelphia, connecting with the 
Camden and Amboy railroad, {fare §3.) Cars leave daily on the J^ong 
Island railroad for Boston, fare $3 ; IVhite Plains. »S-(;., by the Harlem, 
railroad; for Paterson, jV. .L, for Philadelphia, fare $4, twice daily 
via Jersey City, jYcwark, JsTcw Brunswick, Princeton, Trenton, &'c. 
Fark to Baltimore, §7; to JVashivgton, $8. GO ; to Richmond. Va., $13.60; 
to Wilmington, jX. C. §23.50; to Charleston, S. C, lS28 ; to Mobile, 
8()4..50; to JVew Orleans, SG1).50 -—to Pittsburg, Pa., §16; to Wheeling, 
$17; ti) Cincinnati, $21 •,-t.o Buffalo, S14; to Cleveland, Ohio, $19; lo 
Detroit, $20; to Mackinac, $24 ; to Milwaukee and Chicago, $26. 



STATE OF NEW YORK. 47 




Jersey City. New York. Brooklyn. 

Brooklyn is situated on Long Island, opposite the southeastern part of 
the city of New York, with which it is connected by four ferries, upon 
whicii steamboats ply, every few minutes, day and ni!?lit. Its beautiful, 
and for the most part elevated situation, has made it a favorite residence 
of many persons doing business in New York. It contains a City Hall, 30 
churches, H banks, a savings institution, 3 insurance companies, and in 
1845, 60,1)00 inhabitants. The Lyceum is a fine granite building with a 
spacious lecture-room. The Citi/ Library contains over 3,000 volumes, 
and has a fine building and reading-room. The Hamilton Literary 
Association supports annually an able course of lectures. The United 
States J\'avy Yard is situated on Wallabout bay, and covers 40 acres of 
jrround, containing several extensive ship-houses, and houses for storage 
of materials, workshops, &c. An extensive drydock is in the course of 
construction. Connected with the Navy Yard is the United States JSTaval 
Lyceum, a literary institution formed in 1832, possessing a valuable 
library, an extensive collection of charts, and a museum. About half a 
mile east from the Navy Yard is the United States Naval Hospiuil, a fine 
building, beautifully situated, and surrounded by 33 acres of land, planted 
with trees and shrubbery. In Jackson-street, near the Navy Yard, is a 
vault, over the entrance of which is the following inscription: 

"PORTAL TO THE TOMB OF 11,500 PATRIOT PRISONERS, 

WHO DIED IN DUNGEONS AND PRISON-SHIPS, 

In and about the city of Kew York, during the Revolution." 
In the year J 808, the bones of these martyrs were collected from the 
hill-sides in the neighborhood, where they had been slightly interred, and 
placed in this vault. 

(rreenwood Cemetery, in the south part of Brooklyn, is admirably situa- 
ted, and presents an agreeable variety of surface 
and scenery ; from the elevated parts, the views 
are extremely beautiful, overlooking the cities of 
New York and Brooklyn, the bay of New York, 
the Narrows, and the Atlantic ocean. The; 
ground has been laid out in the most tasteful ,^| 
manner, preserving its natural surface, ponds, 
trees, shrubbery, &c. ; and many appropriate! 
tombs and monuments have been erected. 

There are on Long Island several places much fre- 
quented in the summer season— viz.. Fort Ham- 1 
iiton. Coney Island, Rockaway, Patchogue, <&c., 
on the south side ; and Glen Cove, Oyster Bay, Stony Brook, Port Jeffer- 
son, Greenport, and Sag Harbor, on the north. Sea bathing may be en- 
joyed at all these places ; and most of them afford abundance of sport in 
fishing and fowling. Most of these places may be approached daily by 
sta^xrs running in cmincction with the rail cars, or by lines of steam- 
boats, or sailing vtsstis. 




48 STATE OF NEW YORK. 

Tour on the Hudson River. 

[The figures on the left of the page denote the distance /n/m jS/tanj/— 
on the right, the distance /row J^ew York.} 

In ascending the Hudson, immediately on leaving the wharf, tha 
traveller's attention is drawn to the view seaward — the bay of ^ew Iforit, 
with its moving panorama of vessels, its picturesque islands and shores — 
all of which constitute a scene of surpassing beauty. 
ri45l "Ikksey City, formerly known as Powle's Hook, is on the 
'■ -' Jersey shore, opposite to the place of starting, and contains five 
churches and 4,000 inhabitants. At this place the New Jersey and the 
Paterson railroads commence, and also the Morris canal. One mile north is 
HoBOKEN, a favorite resort of the citizens of New York. The grounds 
for nearly 2 miles along the Hudson are laid out in walks, embowered in 
J-, -o-i trees. Weehavvken, 2 miles north, is a bold rocky blutf. rising r^■^ 
'• ' ^ abruptly from the water's edge. A villa occupies its summit. '■ 
A short distance above, on the river-shore, overhung by beetling cliffs and 
almost inaccessible from the land-side, is the famous duelling-ground. 
Here it was that Gen. Hamilton fell, July llth, 1804. The Pahsailes, 
which commence at Weehawken, are a massy range of columnar rock, 
rising almost perpendicularly from the shore to the height of four or five 
hundred feet, and are regarded as one of the most picturesque and inter- 
esting objects on the Hudson. They extend for a distance of 20 miles — 
[-.oq-i their summits being slightly undulating table-land. Bull's rp-] 
'• ■' Ferry. — From this place to New York, a ferry has existed for '■ 
more than half a century. Opposite is Bloomingdale, a suburb of 
New York, extending north 3 or 4 miles. The Orphan Asylum, with 
numerous seats embowered in shrubbery, attracts the attention ; and the 
Lunatic Asylum, situated on elevated ground, is also an object of 
interest. Immediately above, is seen .Manhattavville valley and its pretty 
r.o-l village, containing a church and about 500 inhabitants. Fort r,^-, 
*■ -' Lee, on the Jersey side, (from which a steamboat plies several '• 
times daily to New York,) derives its name from a fort built on the sum- 
mit of the rocks, 300 feet above the river. Traces of the ruins of the 
fortress still remain, overgrown with shrubbery. Just above, on the New 
York side, is Fort Washington, situated on the most elevated point 
of the island. It was taken by the British, after a desperate resistance. 
November 16th, 1776, and the garrison put to the sword. The ruins still 
exist, in the centre of which there has been erected a pretty mansion. 
rn2l ^P'^Y''"^'^ DuYVEL Creek enters the Hudson two miles above rj^-. 
'■ Fort Washington, and connecting with Harlem river, sepa- 

rates New York from the main land. Kingahridge crosses this creek one 
mile east. On the north of this stream, on the heights, was Fort Inde- 
rjogi pendevce. Yonkers is on the east bank, at the entrance of rj.^-] 

Sawkill cr. It contains two churches, a seminary, and about 50 
dwellings. Clofifer Landing is on the opposite side of the river. Has- 
tings, three miles north of Yonkers, has several pretty country residences, 
rjog-j DoBBS Ferry was a noted place in the war of the Revolu- ro2] 

tion. Here is a village containing two churches and 50 dwell- 
ings. On the opposite shore, and just below the old ferry landing, is the 
commencement of the line dividing the states of New York and New Jersey, 
rjoj-] Piermont, on the west bank, was formerly known as the p^-. 
^ ~ ^ " Slnat." At this place a pier has been erected about one mile '•*' 
long, on which is the depot of the JVcw York and Eric railroad, which 



STATE OF NEW YOKK. 49 

commences here. A steamboat plies daily to and from New York. The 
village contains two churches and about 1,(100 inhabitants. Tliree miles 
west lies the village of Tappan ; and about a quarter of a mile from 
this, on an eminence overlooking, to the east, a romantic and fertile val- 
ley, is the spot where Major Andre was executed, October i!d, ITriO. 
Ckirs leave Piermont everyday on the route west — see ronteYi\. Here 
commences an expansion of the river, locally known as " Tappan Sea," 
and extending for a distance of ten miles, with an average width of 2i 
miles. The Van Tassell House is on the east shore, just above, and 
nearly opposite to Piermont. It is the residence of Washington Irving. 
r,.Qi Tarrytown, on the east bank, is prettily situated, and con- ^^^-t 
'■ -' tains 4 churches and about 1,000 iniiabitants. About one- '■"' 
fourth of a mile north of the village, ia the spot where IMajor Andre was 
taken prisoner, and at the distance of a rnile further north, is an ancient 
Dutch church, (supposed to be the oldest in the state,) erected in 161)9. 
It was in this church that the never-to-be-forgotten Ichabod Crane, in 
rivalry of the Dominie, led off tlie choir. It was also in the ravine 
near hi', that Ichabod had his fearful encounter with the headless horse- 
man, when he disappeared forever from the vale of Sleepy Hollow. 
Nyack, on the west bank, is a considerable village, containing 3 churches 
and 800 inhabitants. Near the northern extremity of Tappan bay, on the 
east side, is the thriving village of 

rn2l ^iNG Sing, containing four churches, two seminaries, and r^i 
l- -I about 2,000 inhabitants. Mount Pleasant State Prison is a •- -* 
short distance south of the village, where are extensive quarries of 
marble, wrought by the convicts. The prison grounds cover an area of 
130 acres. — Almost opposite to Sing Sing is Verdreitjes Hook, a rocky 
promontory. Half a mile above is Rockland Lake Landing ; and 
about f of a mile from the Hudson is the lake, a picturesque sheet of 
water, frcmi which immense quantities of ice of the purest kind are ob- 
tained. This lake is the principal source of Hackensack river. — Abov<» 
Verdreitjes Hook the river expands again to an average width of two 
miles for a distance of sbc miles, and is called Haverstraw bay. 
Havkrstraw is a neat village on the west shore, and contains two p„„-| 
churches, an academy, and 400 inhabitants. — Grassv Point is two ^ ^ 
j-.„„-| miles above, at which is a steamboat-landing. Stony Point, a 
-' small rough promontory, is on the west side of the river, with a light- 
house on its suimnit. It was fortified in the war of the Revolution, and 
was distinguished by the celebrated and successful assault made upon it 
by the Americans under Gen. Wayne, on the night of the 16th July, 1779. 
On tlT€ east side, and opposite to Stony Point, is Verplanck's Point, near 
which place was the famous continental village, containing the United 
noil ^'^'^'^^^ Barracks, destroyed by the enemy in Oct., 1777. Cald- r . .-i 
^ -' WELLS, at the entrance to the highlands, is the first landing-place '• -' 
in ascending the river, and from which steamboats ply across the river to 
rgfjl Peekskill, a village mostly situated on an elevation 200 feet r.^-, 
'-"-' above the river. It contains a bank, 8 churches, an academy, '- ■' 
and 2,000 inhabitants. Stages leave 3 tiines a week {in the summer season 
daily) for Mohapack lake and Carmel, and 3 times for Danbnry, Con. 
On the bluff north of Peekskill creek is the site of Fort Independence. 

The Highlands, or Matteawiin Mountains, extend in a northeastern 

direction across Orange and Rockland counties, till they are broken by 

the Hudson ; rising again on the eastern side of the river, they pass off in the 

Banie general direction, occupyina a breadth of from l.'i to 20 mile^j, 

3 



50 STATE OF NEW YORK. 

Several of their Bummits attain to an elevation of 1,000 to 1,685 feet. 
"Tl)ey are composed principally of granite and gneiss, embedding loose 
nodules and fixed veins of magnetic iron ores, with other mmerals of the 
same class. It is unequivocally a primitive chain, and in the early ages 
must have opposed a burrier to the passage of the waters, and caused a 
vast lake, covering the present valley of the Hudson." The course of the 
traveller is now for a mile in a direction almost due west, through what 
is locally called the Horse Race^ from the rapidity of its current; this is 
caused by an abrupt angle in the bed of the river, which is contracted to 
a narrow space by its passage through the mountain mass. The Thunder 
Mountain on the west, and the noted eminence on the east, called jSn- 
thoni/'s JVose, stand as guardians of the Pass. The Nose is 1,2-28 feet 
high. During the Revolution a large boom and chain extended across 
from the foot of this peak to Fort Mvntgmnery on the west side. Forts 
CHuton and Montgomery were erected to defend the passage of the river 
at this place. On the 6th Oct., 1777, Sir H. Clinton, with a force of 
about .3,000 men, took tliese forts by storm. The works were bravely 
defended for a length of time by a garrison consisting of only 600 men, 
who were finally overpowered by superior numbers. — Two miles above 
Anthony's Nose is the Si/g'ar Z^o^ Mountain, near the base of which is 
the Beverly House, where Arnold resided when he was meditating that 
act of treachery which has stamped his memory with everlasting infamy. 
Buttermilk Fal/s (on the west side, and nearly opposite to the Sugar 
Loaf) descends in a succession of cascades for more than ]00 feet, spread- 
ing out in sheets of milk-white foam, and making a beautiful appearance, 
especially when the stream is swollen by rains. 
rQ3l West Point, on the right bank of the Hudson, where the |-^„, 
^ river makes an angle forming the point from which it derives its ■• ■' 

name, is situated among 
the most picturesque riv- 
er and mountain scene- 
ry conceivable. It was 
strongly fortified during 
the waroftheRevolution, 
and the ruins of Fort 
Putvnvi, on Mount Inde- 
pendence, (elevated 495 
feet above the river,) are 
objects of greit mtere^t as are aKo the earthen mounds of Fort Clinton, 
on the phni btlow. The United i>tates Military .Academy was established 
herein IbO'i. It is situated on a plain 157 feet above tide-w<iter. The 
buildings are— two stone barracks ; a building for exercises in winter, 275 
feet long ; a building of Gothic architecture, 150 feet long, witli three 
towers, for astronomical apparatus and an observatory ; a chapel, hospital, 
me.ss-hall, 17 separate dwellings for the ofiicers of the institution, several 
workshops and storerooms, cavalry stables, a magazine, laboratory, 
soldiers' barracks, a store, and about 25 dwellings for families connected 
with the estai)lisliment. There is also an extensive hotel situated on the 
bank of the river. About the grounds are several monuments that 
erected in memory of Kosciusko by the cadets, at an expense of $5,000, is 
the mo.st beautiful. The number of cadets is limited to 260. Opposite to 
West Point, on the R. shore, is Covstitution Island, on which are the 
ruins of the fort erected during the Revolution. A mast^y chain was ex- 
tended from tiiis island to West Point. In the cove just above is the West 




STATE OF NEW YORK. 51 

Point Foundry, the largest establisliment of the kiml in America, and 
wliicli employs 400 persons. Cold Spring, on tiie E, sliore, IJ miles 
above West Point, is very prettily situated, and contains 5 churclies and 
],250 inhabitants. Near tlie base of the mountain, north of the village, is 
Under Cliff, the elegant villa of Gen. Morris. — Crow Nest Mountain ora 
the west side, the summit of which is elevated 1,394 feet above the river, 
affords a beautiful and extended prospect. — Butter Hill, just above, is 
1,530 feet above the river. On tlie E. side are the three elevations known 
as Bull Hill, 1,486 feet high. Breakneck Hill, 1,187, and Beacon Hill or 
Grand Sachem, 1,685 feet high. Polopels Island lies near the east shore, 
(.jn-, opposite the ravine between Bull and Breakneck Hills. Corn- r^.-, 
'- -' WALL, on the west side, at the termination of the Highlands, '•' '•' 
contains about 150 inhabitants. The river expands here to the width of 
a mile for tJie distance of about live miles, and is called Newburg bay. 
Two miles above is New Windsor, which has two churches and about 
250 inhabitants. It is the birthplace of De Witt (Jlinton. 
pn,-] Newburgii is situated on a steep acclivity, rising to about .^.-. 
I- J 300 feet. From the terrace there is a magnificetit view of the '- ' 
river and tiie Highlands. There are in the village a theological seminary, 
several academies, 3 banks, 11 churches, and about 6,000 inhabitants. 
The stone jiouse occupied by Washington as his b«ad-quarters, is still 
standing near the village. On the 23d of June, 1783, the American army- 
was disbanded here. Stages leave dai/j/ for Goshen and a/ so firr Dun- 
kirk via Biiighamtun. (See routes 160 and 161.) On the opposite side of 
the river, and to which a steamboat plies, is Fisfikitl Landing, which has 
(-^Q-j 3 churches and about 800 inhabitants. FislikiU, about 5 miles ^ -■ 
'-' -' east of tiie landing, contains 3 churches, an academy, and '- ' 
1,000 inhabitants. It is noted as being the Head Quarters of the American 
Army for a time during the war of the Revolution. Three miles above 
the landing is Low Point, a scattered settlement extending along the 
river. New Hamburg is on the east side of the river, just above the en- 
trance to Wappinger's Creek. Hampton, a landing on the opposite side, 
is connected with New Hamburg by a ferry. Three miles above, on 
the west side, is Mi/ton Landing. The village isabout half a mile distant, 
n... 1 Poughkeepsie, the capital of Dutchess county, is on the left p_, ■ 
^'^ bank of the Hudson. Population 10,000. This village, one of I-'*' 
the handsomest in the state, is built on an elevated plain 200 feet above- 
the river, and contains a court-house, jail, a collegiate school, the 
Dutchess Academy, four seminaries for young ladies, 3 banks, a savings 
bank, a market, a lyceum, and 14 churches. The College edifice, modelled 
after the Parthenon at Athens, stands on Prospect Hill, having a wide 
range of prospect. The village has a rich back country. Stages leave 3 
times a week fur Danhury, Con. ; for JsTew Milford ; and for IVest Corn- 
wall via Sharon. On the west side, opposite to Poughkeepsie, is JVcio 
Palti Landing. The village of JsTcw Palti lies some distance from tlie 
river. Six miles above, on the east side, is Hyde Park, which contains 
3 churches and about 50 dwellings. 
|.„.-| Rondout, situated at the mouth of a stream of the same .p.-i 
1- -' name, contains two churches, a seminary, and about 1,500 in- ^ ■' 
habitants. It is the port of the Delaware and Hudson canal. One mile 
further north is Kingston Landing. The village of Kingston is situatetJ 
3 miles west of the landing. It was incorporated in 1805, and contains a 
court-house, 4 churches, two banks, an academy, and about 2,300 in- 
habitants. This place was burned by tlie British army Oct., 1777. Stages 



52 STATE OF NEW YORK. 

leave 3 times a week for Dclkj, and Ellenville. Six miles above, on the 
[551 ^^'^^ ^'''^' ^^ lihinebeck Landing. Tiie village of Rhinebeck, p„„, 
'^ two miles from the landing, contains 3 churches, an aciulemy, ^^ ■' 
and ahout 1,200 inliubitnnts. Nine miles north is Lmcer Red Hook, and 3 
miles above is Upper Red Hook Landing. The villages lie sorne 3 or 4 
miles from the river. A ferryboat plies from the Upper Landing to the 
[441 ^*^^' ^^^^' '^'' ^^■^■^"'^•^'^TiES, a large manufacturing village, on r^„,, 
Esopus creek, wliere is an extensive water-power. The village ^ ^ 
contains five clmrchesand about 2,01)0 inhabitants. — Bristol is 2 iniles above. 
r„,-] Catskill is prettily situated on the right hank, and contains r, ,,-i 
^' ■' a court-house, two banks, 5 churches, and about 3,000 inhabi- l- ^' 
tants. Vehicles are ready on the arrival of the boats to convey pas- 
sengers to tiie celebrated summer resort, (12 miles distant,) at Pine 
Orchard, (^atskill Mountain. There is here an excellent hotel, on an ele- 
vation 2,212 feet above the level of the Hudson, which gives to the 
atmosphere a refreshing coolness amid the most sultry heat of summer. 
A little to the west of the Mountain House are two ponds, the outlets of 
which unite, and proceed by falls and rapids, in a. 
deep ravine, to the plain below. The first fall is 180 
feet perpendicular ; and within a short distance is a 
■second fall of about 80 feet. By a circuitous path the 
traveller can pass down and go under the rock, and 
■ Ijehind the water of the first fall, where is presented a 
^iMgular and interesting view. From the Mountain 
House, is a most extensive and varied prospect, for the 
ilistance of sixty miles, (in a clear atmosphere:) the 
landscape is distinctly visible, adorned with the pic- 
turesque Hudson, its green isles and moving panorama 
of vesse's, its cities, villages, and villas. The range of vision extvnds from 
tlie Hudson Highlands to the Green Mountains. Stages leave Catskill 
daily for Ithaca. 
rpQi Hudson, on the left bank of the river, is built on an elevated r, ,r.-i 
I- -■ site, from which is obtained a fine view of the river and sur- •- J 
rounding country. It has an elegant court-house, 8 churches, two banks, 
two markets, the Franklin Literary Association, with a respectable library 
and philosophical apparatus, two academies, a lunatic asylum, and 5,700 
inhabitants. The city is supplied with pure water from a mountain 
spring two miles distant, conveyed in iron pipes. Several whale-ships be- 
long to Hudson. The village of JVew Lebanon Springs is 24 miles NE. 
from Hudson. The Shaker Settlement contains a large church, several 
extensive workshops, and 600 inhabitants. The Springs are warm, emit 
nitrogen gas, and have a temperature of 73° Fahreidieit ; they are effica- 
cious for rheumatism, salt rheum, and cutaneous affections. The country 
around is beautiful and picturesque, and the springs are much frequented. 
Cars leave Hudson daily for JVest Stnckhridge, Lebanon Springs, &,c : 
and stages 3 times a week for Great Barrington, Mass. A ferryboat 
plies to the west shore at Athens, which contains 4 churches and about 
1,200 inhabitants. — Four Mile Point, on which is a light-house, is at the 
r.i.n liead of ship navigation. Coxsackie Landing is on the right ^,241 
'-' ■' hank ; the village extends along the river for the distance of"- ■" 
a mile, and contains 3 churches, an academy, and about 1,200 inhabitants. 
r.Q". Stuvvesant, on the east side, contains a church and about rio^i 
*- ■' 300 inhabitants. A short distance above is Kinderhook ^ 
Landing. The village of Kinderhook lies 5 uiilea east from tlie river. 






STATE OF NEW YORK. ' 53 

and contains two churches, a bank, an academy, and about 1,400 in- 
habitants. New Baltimore, on the west sliore, lias a church and 
. -, about 300 inliabitants. Two miles above it Cokymans, con- r^^-^i 
L -I taining two churclies and about 700 inhabitants. Four miles 
farther, on tlie east side, is Castleton, with a ciiurch and about 350 in- 
.„1 habitants. The Overslaugk has heretofore been an obstruction ^j^.^, 
'-"'J to navigtit'on for some distance below Albany, but the chan- I- 
nel has been straightened and deepened, at a great expense, by the United 
States government, thus rendering it more navigable. 



.i--^:^ 



Albany, the capital of the state, is situated on the right bank of the 
river, 145 miles from New York, 200 west by north from Boston, and 370 
from Washington. Population 42,000. On the margin of the river is a 
flat alluvial tract, from 15 to 100 yards wide, back of which the ground 
rises abruptly, and in the course of a mile attains to the height of 220 
feet, after which it becomes level. Originally the streets were not very 
regularly laid out, and some of them are narrow. State-street has a steep 
ascent, at the head of which is the Capitol, a tine edifice J 15 feet long 
and 90 wide, with richly furnished apartments lor the accommodation of 
the state legislature. In front of it is a handsome square, ornamented 
with walks, trees, and shrubbery. To the north of this, separated only 
by a street, is a corresponding square, on the east side of which is tlie 
City Hall, a splendid marble editice ; and facing the same square is the 
State Hall for the public ofBces. Tlie Albany Academy is a fine edifice. 
The other public buildings are, a Medical College, a Female Academy, the 
Exchange, thirty-two churches, three markets, a state arsenal, and eight 
banks. The old State Hall, on the south side of Slate street, is fitted up 
for the geological cabinet, collected in the geological survey of the state. 
The JVejo York State Library occupies a large room in the Capitol, and 
contains 10,000 volumes. The Albany Medical College, founded in 18.39, 
has 8 professors and 104 students. It has a museum and library. The 
lectures commence on the first Tuesday in October. The Albany 
Academy has able instructors, and 400 students. The F'emale Academy 
has about 350 pupils, and sustains a high reputation. The Young Men's 
Association has a library of 3,200 volumes — Albany was founded by the 
Dutch in 1623, then called Fort Orange, and was chartered as a city in l(i8(). 

Twevt J/ or more steamboats, and 50 towboats, plybetioeen this city aniiJ^. 
York, and other places on the river. Cars arrive and depart twice daily for 
Boston and tAc intermediate places : twice daily for Saratoga Springs , [fare 
$1 .62 ; ) and 3 times da ily for Buffalo, ( fare )i"l 2, ) JViagara Falls, and the in- 
termediate places : {see pages 74 and 75. ) Stages leave daily for Pittsfield, 
Mass. ; for Bennington, Vt. ; for Burlington, for Montreal, Can., via 
Whitehall, Plattsburg, S,-c. ; and also Syracuse, via Cherry Valley. Twice a 
week for Binghamton ; and also for Williamstown, Mass. 

Troy, the capital of Rensselaer county, is pleasantly situated on the 
Jeft bank of the Hudson, at the head of tide-water, 6 miles north of 
Albany, and 151 north of New York. Population 21,709. It extends 
about 3 miles along the river, with a breadth of li miles. It is bordered 



54 



STATE OF NEW YORK. 



on the E. by hilis of considerable elevation, from which descend two con- 
siderable streams, which liave romantic cascade;! and afford extensive 
water-power. The city is handsomely Jaid out, and its streets are wide 
and well paved. I'he Court-house is a tine building, constructed of 
marble, with a Grecian front of the Doric order. Here are the Troy Fe- 
male Institute and the Rensselaer Institute, with several other schools of a 
higli order; the Lyceum of Natural History, a Young Men's Association, 
18 cliurche.s, 6 banks, and 11 academies. Cars leave daiiy for Saratoga 
Springs, for Sdicnectadi/, and also for Boston- Stages leave daily for 
Bennington, Vt. ; and for Whitehall, and a/so for Burlington, Vt. 

Ballston Spa, 31 miles from Albany, is situated on a small branch of 
Kayaderosseras creek, and contains a court-house, 4 churches, 1 bunk, and 
about 1,500 inhabitants. The oldest and still most esteemed fountain is 
known as the " Public Well,'''' on the flat west of the centre of the village. 
There are several other springs of less note, possessing medicinal prop- 
erlies of a similar character. Cars pass twice daily fromJilbany and 
from Saratoga Springs. 

Saratoga Springs, 38 miles north of Albany, is the most celebrated 

watering place in 
theUnited States. 
It contains some 
of the largest and 
■ mostsplendid ho- 
tels and board- 
ing-houses in the 
. country, which 
1^^ in the watering 
season are iibun- 

dantly filled bj the gay and fa>liiunable from all parts of the Union, West 
Indies, &c. The village contains six churches, an academy, a female 
seminary, and about 2,000 inhabitants. 

The mineral waters are drawn from some 9 or more fountains or 
springs, and vary considerably in their characteristics. The principal 
springs are called the Congress, Iodine, Monroe, Putnam's, Hamilton, 
High Rock, Columbian, Flat Rock, and Washington. The most promi- 
nent effects of these waters, when taken into the stomach, are catliartic, 
diuretic, and tonic. In all pulmonary affections arising from primary 
diseases of the lungs, the waters are thought to be injurious, but they 
liave proven highly efficacious in cutaneous diseases, scrofula, jaundicu, 
bilious affections, chronic rheumatism, &c., &c. The objects, of amuse- 
ment here are always sufficiently numerous for the gratification of the 
transient visitor. The reading-rooms afford mental recreation ; while, if 
other amusement be sought, it is afforded by the railroad carriages — cars 
leaving several times a day on trips of pleasure — or by a short excursion 
info the neighborhood, where sufficient beauty and novelty of scenery are 
always presentpd to render it interesting. The amusements of the day 
are usually crowned by a ball or promenade. 
Saratoga J^ake, 4 miles southeast of the vil- 
re, is much resorted to, by parties (jf plea.*?- 
i;. It affords ample sport to the angler, and 
' its shores abound with game. The Sulphur 
Spring at the head of the lake is exciting 
much attention ; it? waters, which are remark- 
ably clear, are moderately impregnated with sulpiiur 





STATE OV NEW YORK. 



55 



The plain of Saratoga was the scene of the surrender of tlie British 
nriny under Gen. Burgoyne, Oct. 17, 1777. Benuis' Heights, Freeman's 
Farm, and other places in tiie vicinity, connected with the battles which 
preceded that event, are objects of interest. Cars arrive and depart 
twice daily for Albany, and also for Troy. Stages leave daily for 
Whitehall via Glenn's Falls, and three times a week fir Ticonderoga. 

The village of Glenn's Falls, on the Hudson, is lf< miles nortli from 
Saratoga Springs. It lias three churciies, two ^s i- ^-^3^^ --"■ 

seminaries, and about 1,200 inhabitants. The fifeEws^afcT''^^^''^ 
falls in the river are exceedingly beautiful. ^^^»?Tj^^^^!-^^^^ 
Caidwell is delightfully situated at the head tif ^^^^^^^^^^^ "^ 
Lake George, 62 miles north from Albany, ^^S '^J-* \^S^ ^ ») "^ 
and contains a church and about two hundred ^^^; B'// ^^ i^ ""^ 
iniiabitants. A steamboat plies on the lake i^Jj^G^S W*f,. ^ 

3G miles to its outlet, near Fort Ticonderoga. '-^^^^^ftk W* " 

Whitehall, seventy-two miles N. of Albany, is situated at tlie head 
of Lake Champlain ; and contains 3 churches, 1 bank, and about 2.500 
inhabitants. Steamboats leace daily {in the summer season) for JSIontreal 
via St. John's. (See page 74.) Fort Ticonderoga, the ruins of which 
fortress still e.\ist, was situated near Lake Champlain, at the outlet 
of Lake George. The scenery in tliis region is varied and picturesque. 

Lake George is justly celebrated for its wild, picturesyue, and varied 
scenery ; its waters are remarkably transparent and pure. It^ shores 
contain tlie remains 
of Fort William Hen- 
ry and Fort George, 5= 
and others menu,- ^ 
ble in the Frencii 
Revolutionary w . 

P L A T T S B U R r, H . r^! 

Clintonco.,islGfimiless= _..„^,,-_jy-_^^^ _ *:;eiiK^i^Svs-' v-t 

K. of Albany, and 5:i8 ^-_ ^^^^^-^-^^ - ^ ^gffi«^^u.4, .J 

from Washington. Population 6,(H)U. The viilai:e is on both sides of 
Saranac river, at its entrance into Cumberland bay, on the W. shore of 
Lake Champlain, and contains a court-house, a bank, a lyceum, an 
academy, and 4 churches, [t is celebrated for the battle in the last war 
between tlie Americans and British, September llth, 1814, in which the 
Americans under Gen. Macomb, on land, and Commodore Macdonough, 
on the lake, were' victorious, after a hard-ioiight battle. Steaniboats (in 
the sianmer) arrive and deport daily for (Vhitehnll via Burlington, 
Ticonderoga, Sfc. ; and also for MontreaJ via St. Johv''s. Stages (in the 
winter season) pa^ss through daily from Montreal and from Albany. 
Stages leave three times a week for Ogdcnsburg via Fort Cvv- 
ington. 

Schenectady, 16 miles NW. from Albany, on the south bank of 
Mohawk river, contains a court-house, a market, a female academy, a 
lyceum, two banks, 9 churches, and t),555 inhahi'ants. It is the seat of 
Union College, founded in 171)5, which has a president. 10 professors or 
other instructors, 2,125 alumni, 242 students, and l.'i,000 volumes in its 
libraries. The connriencement is on the fourth Wednesday in July. Its 
buildings are commodious, and attached to them are 2.50 acres of land, 
handsomely laid out. The reputation of this college is deservedly high. 
Oirs -pass through daily for Buffalo and the intermediate places, and alto 
for Albany, and twice daily for Saratoga Spring.9, 





56 STATE OF NEW YORK. 

Sharon Sulphur Springs are 12 miles from the depot at Palatine Bridge, 
(see route ]30,) from which stages Jeave daily in the summer season. 
These waters are higiiiy efficacious in rheumatic, cutaneous, and dyspeptic 
complaints. There are in the vicinity several caves, and Otsego JLake 
furnishes abundant sport for the angler. 

Little Falls, situated on both sides of Mohawk river, 7.3 miles from 
Albany, contains five churches, a bank, and about 2,500 inhabitants. 
There is a fall of 42 feet in the river, affording an immense hydraulic 
power. A line of stages leaves dailu for Trenton Falls. 

Trenton Falls are 18 miles 
HEi. from Utica, on West Canada 
creek. The waters fall 312 feet, 
by a succession of cascades, in 
the course of two miles, and the 
scenery is the most wild and pic- 
raresque imaginable. The chasm, 
; for the whole distance, is broken 
through limestone rock, and the 

pathway is mostly along the margin 

of tiif rushing v\aters, upon a ledge or slielf so narrow and perilous, that 
the visitor will find ditficuhy in sustaining himself. 

Herkimer, pleasantly situated on Mohawk river, contains a court- 
house, an academy, a bank, two churches, and about 800 inhabitants. 

Utica is 94 miles from Albiiny, 202 from Buffalo, and 237 from New 
York. The city is beautifully situtited on the south side of Mohawk river, 
on an inclined plain rising from the river, so as to command from its eleva- 
ted parts some fine prospects. It contains a court-house, 18 churches, an 
exchange building, two academies, the Utica Library, a Mechanics' As- 
sociation, an Apprentices' Library, two Orphan Asylums, 4 banks, and 
12,200 inhabitants. The State Lunatic Asylum, a mile west of the city, is 
a fine building, with a farm of ItiO acres attached to it. The city occupies 
the site of old Fort Schuyler, and is now one of the finest in Western New 
York, though in 1794 there were only 3 or 4 dwellings on the spot. It 
dates its great prosperity from the completion of the Erie canal. Cars 
pass through 3 times daily from Buffalo, and frcmi Albany. Singes ar- 
rive and depart daily for Sacketts Harbor, via Trenton, Watcrtuwn, 
<$-c. ,• and for Binghamton ; three times a week for Ithaca and for 
Cooperstown. 

Rome, situated on the Mohawk river, 108 miles from Albany, oc- 
cupies the site of Fort Stanwix, built in 1758, and which was rebuilt 
during the war of the Revolution and called Fort Schuyler. The village 
contains a court-house, tj churches, a bank, a female academy, a United 
States arsenal, and about 2,500 inhabitants. Stages leave 3 times a week 
for Oswego ; and for Sacketts Harbor. 

Syracuse, situated li miles south from Onondaga lake, and 147 miles 
from Albany, contnins a court-house, an academy, two banks, 8 churches, 
and 7,500 inhabitants. Great quantities of salt are manufactured in the 
village and vicinity. Cars arrive from, and depart daily for Athnnii and for 
Buffalo. Stages leave daily for Ogdensburg, for Oswego, and for Jthnca. 
Auburn, 173 miles W. from Albany, is a flourishing village, siluiited on 
the outlet of Owasco lake. It contains a court-house, two banks, 3 
academies, a female seminary, 7 churches, and 5,fi00 inhabitants. I'iie 
.\uburn Theological Seminary, founded in 1821, is under the direction of the 
Presbyterians, and has 4 professors, 71 students, and 5,000 volumes in its 




STATE OF NEW YORK. 57 

libraries. The Stnte Prison is regarded as a model for sucli institutions. 
The building tbrnis tliree sides of a square, the front of wiiicli is iiTG feet 
and the wings "242. Tlie prisoners labor together in silence, and when 
not laboring are confined in solitary cells. Cars arrive from, and depart 
daily fur Albany and fur Buffalo. Stages leave fur Ithaca daily, and for 
Oswego three times a iceelc. 

Sknkca Falls, 15 miles from Auburn, is situated on both sides of the 
outlet of Seneca lake, which has here a fall of 47 feet. Tlie village con- 
tains 5 churches, several manufactories, and about 3,0U0 inhabitants. 

Waterloo, on Seneca outlet, has a court-house, 4 churches, 1 bank, 
an academy, and about 2,500 inhabitants. 

Geneva, 199 mileb fruni Albany, is beautifully situated at the north 
end of Seneca lake. 
The principal street j^^^ ^ 
runs parallel witii the 
hike shore, at an ele- ||M-jrjFfeu:p^a^;;p:^ 
vation of 120 foet.SsI " '^' fl -'^'-i'' ■"■<- " 
Most of the houses "~ 
on the south side oi ^_,. 
this street have tev-=3 
raced gardens extendnig tlown to the stiore. It coiitams lune churclies, 
two banks, a seminary, and about 3,600 inhabitants. Geneva College, 
founded in 1823, is under the direction of the Episcopalians. It has a 
president, 5 professors, 70 students, 10,000 volumes in its libraries, a 
cabinet of minerals, and ample philosophical and chemical apparatus. 
Geneva Medical College was founded in 1834, and has since been liberally 
endowed by t!ie state for the erection of buildings, &c. It has a dean, 
register, 6 professors, and 175 students. Cars arrive from, and depart 
daily fur Albany and for Buffalo. Stashes leave daily fur Ithaca, for 
Osicego, and for IVilliamsport via Cuming, Blossburg, i^c. 

Clifton Spritigs, 12 miles from Geneva, are becoming somewhat cele- 
brated for tlieir medicinal properties. They are sulphur springs. 

Canandaigua, 222 miles from Albany, is one of the most beautiful 
villages in Western iS'ew York, situated on a plain at the north end of 
Canandaigua lake, at its outlet. The ground descends gently towards the 
lake, presenting a fine view of it from the village. It contains a court- 
housa, jail, and county offices, a town-hall, 5 churches, two banks, an 
academy of a high order, a female seminary, and about 2,500 inhabitants. 
It is surrounded by a rich agricultural country. Stages leave daily fur 
Erie, via Genesco, FJlicottsville, and Jamestown. 

Avon Springs, situated near the Genesee river, 20 miles south from 
Rochester, have become a place of much resort. The village contains 3 
churches, an academy, several extensive hotels, and about 600 inhabitants. 
The two most noted springs are about 80 rods apart, and are a short dis- 
tance southwest of the village. The waters have been found efficacious 
in disordered digestion, rhcHimatism, gout, and cutaneous aflections. 
Stages arrive frum, and depart daily fur Rochester. 

Rochester, situated on both sides of the Genesee river, 25' miles 
from Albany, was incorporated as a village in 1817 and a city in 1834. 
Population 25,500. It is handsomely built, and to many of the dwellings 
are attached gardens ornamented with shrubbery. The city contains u 
court-house, two markets, 7 banks, twenty-two churche.s, a museum, a 
Collegiate Listitute, two seminaries, two orphan asylums, ar. arcade, 
a Mechanics' Literary Association, an atlreneum, and many extensive 
3* 



58 



STATE OF NEW YORK. 




flouring mills and manufnctorifK- The Gi"ncspe Fa!h l>ave an entire 

descent of 268 iopt, 

composed of 3 pi r 

peridicular fall>, 

105, 96, and 20 fett. 

besides rapids , tlit 

best views of tlit^t 

falls are obtained trotn 

the east side ot tin 

river. The Erie ta 

nul crosses the u\i r 

here by a massive stone iiqueduct T'il Mount Hope Cenitltiy, nair 

the city, has been laid out in walks, and enil)ellished with sculptured 

tombs, tiees, shrubbery, &;c. Cars arrive from, and depart dailij for 

JiLhajiy and for Bnffalo. Stages leave daily for j\"iagara Falls via 

iMckport ; and to Corning, via Geneseo, and iJarisville ; 3 times a week 

for Oswego ; also to Olean, via Mt. Morris, and .Angelica. 

Batavia, 32 miles from Rochester, is prettily situated on a plain through 
which flows the Tonawanda creek ; it has a court-house, 4 churches, two 
sanks, a land office, a seminary, and 2,000 inhabitants. 

Buffalo is situated at the NE. end of Lake Erie, 325 miles west from 
Albany, lil5 from Cleveland, and 327 from Detroit. Population 30,000, 
Its situation as a place of business is very commanding, being at the 
western extremity of the Erie canal, and at the eastern termination of the 
navigation of the great lakes — Erie, Huron, and Michigan. The ground 
on which the city is built rises gradually to a considerable elevation, from 
which is a commanding view of the lake, Niagara river, the Canadian 
shore, &c. The streets are regularly laid out, and are wide and well- 
regulated. The public buildings and institutions are, a court-house, two 
markets, 17 churches, 4 banks, a theatre, an orphan asylum, and several 
large hotels. The Young Men's Association has a reiiding-room and a 
library of 3,000 volumes. A mole or pier of stone, 1,500 feet long, has 
been constructed at the mouth of Buffalo creek, whicli, by confining the 
channel, has so far removed the bar that vessels requiring 8 feet of water 
freely enter. At the end of the pier is a stone light-house twenty feet in 
diameter, and 46 feet high. The harbor is well protected, and so spacious 
that several hundred vessels can be accommodated in it. Buflalo was 
originally laid out by the Holland Land Company, in 1801. In December, 
1813, it was burnt by the British and Indians. It was incorporated as a 
city in 183-2. Cars leave Buffalo twice daily for .Albany {fare $12) and 
Uie intermediate places; for JViagara Falls twice daily, {fare 75 cts.) 
Steamboats leave Buffalo almost daily for F.ric, Pa., {fare $3 ;) Cleve- 
land, Ohio, {fare $5;) Sandusky, {fare $5.50;) Detroit. Mich., {fare 
^t\;) Mackinac, (fare 10;) Milwaukee and Chicago, {fare $12:) for 
Port Stanley, Can. ; also for Qiteenston, Can., via Chipjicica. Stages 
leave Bnffalo daily for Erie, Pa. ; three times a week far Olean, for 
Geneseo, and for Batavia. 

LocKPORT is on the Erie canal, 58 miles from Rochester ; tiie wafers 
of the canal here descend 60 feet by 5 locks of 12 feet each. Tho 
surplus wafer of the canal creates an immense hydraulic power, and 
is extensively u.sed Lockport contains a court-house, twelve churches, a 
lyceiim, two academies, and about 6,500 inhabitants. Cars arrive from, 
and depart twice daily for JViagara Falls, and for Lcwistown. Stages 
leave daily for Hoc/tester. 



STATE OF NEW YORK. 



59 





lnFr\iisof \iAOAR*. in Tbout 21 
milis front Liki Vm, and ]4 miles from 
1 tke Onnrio, ind are rf girded as one of 
,llio ^'reate»t natural curiosities in the world. 
'The .Viaffara strait or river at its efflux 
tiom liake Erie, is tliree-quarters of a mile 
\Mde, from 40 to 60 feet deep, and flows 
\Mth a current of 7 miles an hour. As it 
proceeds, the river widens, and embosoms 
Grand and Navy Islands, which terminate 
in beautitul pouitb a niilu and a half above the falls. Below the islands 
are rapids, which extend a mile to the precipice, in which space the river 
descends 57 feet. At the precipice it is three-quarters of a mile wide. 
Here Goat Island divides the waters into two channels ; and the channel 
between Goat Island and tlie eastern shore is also divided by a small 
island. Over the precipice the river falls perpendicularly about 160 feet. 
The greater part of the water passes in the channel between G(jat Island 
and the Canada shore, and this fall is called from its shape the Horse-shoe 
fall Between Goat Island and Bath Island in the eastern channel, the 
stream is only about ten yards wide, forming a beautiful cascade. Between 
Bath Island and the shore, the sheet of water is broad, and the descent 
several feet greater than at the Horse shoe fall, but the stream is com- 
paratively shallow. The best single view of the falls is from Table 
Rock, on the Canada shore, and the best view of the rapids is from 
Goat Island, which is ingeniously connected by a bridge with the shore. 
While curiosity constitutes an attribute of the human character, these 
falls will be frequented by admiring and delighted visitors, as one of the 
grandest exhibitions in nature. Well has an American poetess said of this 
magnificent cataract — 

" Flow on forever, in thy glorious robe 
Of terror and of beauty. God hath set 
His rainbow on thy forehead ; and the cloud 
Mantled around thy feet. And ho doth give 
Thy voice of timnder, power to speak of Him 
Eternally— bidding tiie lip of man 
Keep silence — and upon tliino altar pour 
Incense of awe-struck praise." 

About two miles below the falls on the American side, is the Bellvue 
fountain ; its waters contain sulphuric and muriatic acids, lime, and 
magnesia, and are useful in scrofulous, rheumatic, and cutaneous com- 
plaints. One mile further is the Whirlpool, almost as famous as the 
Maelstrom of Norway. Apart from the falls, the region of the Niagara 
strait is one of deep interest, from historical reminiscences, its many objects 
of curiosity, its picturesque scenery, &c 



60 STATE OF NEW YORK. 

OsWEQO is situated on both sides of tiie Oswego river, at its entrance 
into Lalie Ontario, 185 miles tiom Albany. It lias a good liarbor protected 
by two stone piers, and contains a custDm-hoiise, n courthouse, a bank, 
7 churclies, an academy, a seminary, and 4,500 inhabitants. Stages leave 
daili/ far Syracuse, and -i times a week for Sacketts Harbor, TVatcrtuwn, 
and Ogdensburg ; for Utica via Kurne ; fur ^^ubiirn ; and also for Roches- 
ter. Steamboats leave daily for Kingston, Sacketts Harbor, and Ogdens- 
burg, and for I^ewistonvia Rochester. 

Sacketts Harbor, 50 miles from Oswego, on the south side of Block 
Water bay, is one of the best ports on Lake Ontario. The village con- 
tains three churches, a United States Navy Yard, the Madison barracks, 
and about 2,000 inhabitants. 

Ogdensburg, situated on the right bank of St. Lawrence river, 210 
miles from Albany, contains 5 churches, two banks, and 3,.500 inhabitants. 
Stages leave daiht for Utica, and for Plattsburg ; steamboats for Oswego, 
Rochester, and Lewiston, and for Montreal, Can. 

Clinton, 9 miles from Utica, situated on Oriskany creek, contains the < 
building of Hamilton College, 4 churches, two academies, two semi- j 
naries, and about 1,000 inhabitants. Hamilton College, founded in 1812, ! 
has a president, 8 professors, 487 alumni, 126 students, and 7,000 volumes ■ 
in its libraries. The commencement is on the fourth Wednesday in 1 
August. j 

CoopERSTOwN is situated on a plain at the outlet of Otsego lake. The I 
village is handsomely laid out, and contnins a court-house, 5 churches, a 
bank, an academy, and about 1,500 inhabitants The lake, 9 miles long, I 
is a beautiful sheet of water, and affords first-rate sport for the angler. J 
Stages leave daily for .Albany, and for Syracuse, and 3 times a week fur | 
Utica, and also for Bivghamton. j 

Ithaca is prettily situated IJ miles from the head of Cayuga lake. It ' 
is surrounded on three sides by an amphitheatre of hills, which rise by a i 
gentle ascent to the height of 500 feet ; and a p;irt of the village lies on a ! 
hill, commanding an extensive view of Cayuga lake and the surrounding | 
country. It contains a court-house, 6 cliurches, 3 banks, a lyceum, an i 
academy, and about 5,000 inhabitants. Cars leave daily for Owcgo, con- \ 
necting loith stages on the line of the Erie railroad. Steamboats leave 
daily {in summer) for Jiiiburn. Stages leave daily for Catskill, and for 
Geneva ; three times a toeck for Albany, for Utica, for Syracuse, for 1 
Auburn, for Rochester via Bath, andfor.Jamesport. 

BiNGHAMTON IS situated at the junction of Chenango and Susquehanna j 
rivers, 133 miles from Albany. It contains a court-house, an academy, 9 
churches, several extensive manufiicturing establishments, and about 
3,000 inhabitants. Stages leave daily (connecting with the J^Tew York ■ 
and Erie railroad) for J\rew York, and also for Jthnca; 3 times a week 
for Albany : for Utica ; and for Philadelphia via Wilkesbarre, Easfon, <S'C. i 

Pknn Yan is situated at the outlet of Crooked lake, 192 miles from ; 
Albany, and contains a court-house, a bank, an academy, several manu- i 
facturing establishments, and about 2,000 inhabitants. 

Elmira, situated on the left bank of Chemung river, 195 miles from | 
Albany, contains a court-house, 4 churches, and about 1,000 inhabitants. 
Stages puss through it daily on the line of the New York and Erie railroad, I 
and also leave three times a week for Williamsport, Pa. It has a com- , 
munication with the Blossburg coal-mines by canal and railroad. j 



RAILROAD, STAGE, AND STEAMBOAT ROUTES, 

THROUGH THE 

UiNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 



(1) From Boston to 
Eastport, Me. 

Via JVewburj/port, 
Portsmnutk, Portland, 
Brunswick, ELlswortli, 
and Mac/lias. 

Eastern Railroad. 

To Lynn 

Salem* 

Beverly 

Wenham 



Ipswicn 

Rowley 

Newburyport . 
Salisbury, N. H.. 

Beabrook 

Hampton Falls .. 

Hampton 

Greenland 

Portsmouth ... 
Portsmouth, iSaco 



West Prospect . 

Prospect 

Bucksport 

Orland 

Ellsworth... 

N. Hancock 

Franklin 

Narraguagus... 

Harrington 

E. Harrington.. 

Iti :Co!uinl)ia 

20 jJonesboro' 

2) jMachias 

29 I E. Machias 

34 jDennysville 

3'o Pembroke 



Portland. Railroad. 



40 
42 1 
44 
49 
. 54 1 
and'. 



Berwick, Me. 
North Berwick.. 

Wells 

Kennebunk 

Saco 10! 92 

Scarboro' ' 8 lUO 

Portland i 5 IOj 

Stage. 

Falmouth 

Cumberland 

North Yarmouth. 

Freeport 

Brunswick 

Bath 

Woolwich 

WiSCASSET 

Sheepscot Bridge. 
DamariscottaMill 

Ntjblesboro' 

Waldoboro' 

Warren 

Thomaston 

E. Thomaston . . 

Camden 

liincolnville 

North port 

E. Northport 

Belfast 



6 2171 
(J 223 

5 228: 

3 231 
14 245 

6 251 
6 257 

23 280 

4 284 
4,28S 
4,292 
71299 
8 307 
6313 

17330 
6336 
121348 



A Branch Railroad ex- 
tends iVoni Salem to Mar- 
bleliead, a distance of 4 
les. 

(2) From Boston to 

Calais, Me. 

To Pembroke— 

(see No. 1) .... 

Robbinstown..., 

Calais 



Eastport . 



no 

113 
115 
121 1 
130 
137 
140 
148 
1.j3 
158 
IHO 
166 
173 
179 

\m 

192 

71199 
5l2()4 
4' 208 
o21l 



Atkinson 

Plaistow 

Newtown 

East Kingston.. 

Exeter 

S. Newmarket . 

Newmarket 

I)urliam 

MadbiM-y 

Hover 

Somers worth*. . 

South Berwick. 

To Portland, (as 
in No. 1, by the 
Portsmouth, Sa- 
co, and Portland 
Railroad) 



4' 36 
1 37 

3 40 

4 44 

5 49 
53 
56 
61 

63 
66 



391110 



(3) From Boston to 
Portland, 

Via Jindover, Haver- 
hill, Exeter, JV. H., 
and Dover. 

Boston ^- Maiiie Rail- 
road. 
To Charlestown.. 

Somerville 

Maiden 

North Miilden.... 
South Reading ... 

leading 

Wilmingtcm 

Ballardsville 

Andover 

North Andover. . . 

Bradford 

Haverhill 



* From Somerswo 
Branch Road exte 
miles, to the manul 
ing village of Great I 

(4) From Portla 

HOULTON, 

Via Brunswick, 

gusta, and Ban 

To Brunswick, 

(see No. 1) 

Topsham 

Bowdoinham 

Richm'nd Corners 
(irardiner . . . . 


rth 

ids 
ict 
"-al 

NI 

J 

?o 

1 

8 
6 
9 
4 
2 
6 
5 
4 
6 
5 
8 
5 
4 
8 
11 
6 
3 
4 
2 
3 
2 


3 

ur- 
s. 

)tO 

iu. 

34 
40 

49 


Hallowell 

Augusta 

Brown's Corners . 

Vassal boro' 

East Vassalboro'. 
China 


53 
55 
61 

66 




81 


Unity 


89 


Troy 


94 




98 


Newbury 

Hnmpden 


m 


North Bangor.... 




W. Great Works. 

(Jld Town 

Miltord 


ji 



62 



ROUTES IN MAINE. 



8nnkhaze 

Greenbush 


3 
6 

7 
2 
4 
7 
6 
2 
3 
8 
10 
in 
20 


140 
146 
153 
155 
159 
166 
172 
174 
177 
18o 
195 
214 


Passadumkeag... 

West Enfield 

South Lincoln.... 
Lincoln . . 


Lincoln Centre... 
North Lincoln ... 
Mattawamkeag.. 

Mo'uncas 

Haynesvllle 

Ijinneus . . 


HOULTON 


61240 


(5) From Belfast TO 
Bangor. 


To Ssvanville— 

(see No. 1) 

Frankfort Mills... 

Frankfort 

Hampden 

Bangor 


12 
2 

7 
6 


i 

28 
34 


(6) From Bangor to 

Castine. 


To Brewer 

Brewer Village... 

Urrington 

South Orrington . 
North Bucksport. 
Bucksport 


2 
4 
3 
4 
5 
3 
11 


1 

3 
7 

10 
14 
19 
22 
33 
3k 


North Castine.... 
Castine . 


(7) From Bangor to 
Ellsworth. 


To Brewer 

East Brewer 

North Ellsworth . 

Ellsworth .- 

From Ellsworth to 
Eastp't, see No. 


6 
11 

03 


1 
7 

16 
27 

130 


(8) From Bangor to 
Skovvhegan. 


To Hermon 

Carmel . . 


5 

i 

7 
9 


9 
14 

18 
25 
30 
36 
43 
52 


Ktna 




Palmyra 

Pittsfield 




Skovvhegan 


(9) From Bangor to 
Moose Head Lake, 


Via Dover. 


To Levant 

East Corinth 

W. Charleston . . . 
Dover 


8 
5 
11 

9 


12 

20 
25 
36 
45 


Bangerville 



Guilford 

Abbot 

Monson 

Shirley 

Greenville, at the 
Lake 



2 47!IStrong Ill 48 

4 51 Avon 3 51 

7 58; Phillips 6i 37; 

7 65 

I (15) From Augusta 
72j TO Fryeburg, 

(10) From Bangor to ^*« ^«"-^ ««'^ JVatxr- j 
Brownsville. jora. 



East Corinth . 
Charleston ... 

Atkinson 

Sebec 

Williamsburg 



To Winthrop 

el 26|' Wayne 

gl 34' North 1 urner 

7| 4i!!Bucksfield 

el 47' Paris 



Brownsville. '.;i 2, 49; ^'V"^'"/",- 
V\ uterford 



(11) From Augusta Sweden 



to Thomaston 

Windsor 

South Windsor... 

W. Jefferson 

Jefferson 

Waldoboro' 

Warren 

Thomaston 



Lovel 
Fryeburg. 



5 


15 


(1 


',>5 


7 


32 




39 


5 


44 


9 


sa 


^■\ 


hVI 


4 


m 


9i 72 



(12) From Augusta 

TO Belfast. 
ToS.Vassalboro'. 

South China 

Palermo 

North Palermo . . . 

Montville 

North Searsmont. 

Belmont 

Belfast 



13 IS 

22 
29 



(13) From Augusta To Gray 



TO Quebec. 

To Sidney 

Waterville 

Fairfield 

Bloomfield 

Skowhegan 

NoRRIDQEWOCK. 

Madison 

Anson 

Embden 

Solon 

Bingham 

Moscow 

Currituck 

The Forks 

Jackrnan's 

Moose River 

Monument 

UUEBEC 



10 

}oi (16) From Portland 
ill TO Augusta, | 

31!' Via Gray S,- Winthrop, \ 
^?: To StevensTlains 

Gray 

New Gloucester.. 

Auburn 

Lewiston 

Greene 

Monmouth 

Winthrop 

231, Hallowellx Roads 

28|; Augusta 

31 j 

40j(l7) From Portland 

*^ I TO Paris. 

16 
2a. 



W. Gloucester .. 

„! Poland i 6 

9;Oxford 

Norway 

IPaRis 



(14) From Augusta 
TO Phillips. 

ToReadfield 12 

Mt. Vernon 5 1' 

Vienna 

Farniington Fa 
Farmington . . . 



1(18) From Portland 
I to Lancaster, N.H. 

I To Norway 

I Greenwood 

Bethel 

Gilead 

Shelburn, N.H. 

Randolph 

Kilkenny 

Jefferson 

Lancaster — 



(19) From Portland 
TO Waterford. 



iSoutli Windham 
Windham 

[North Windham 

Raymond 

Naples 

[Bridgeton 

I Waterford ... 



10 

4 14 
3 17 

5 22 
8! 30 
8 38 

10; 48 



ROUTES IN NEW HAMPSHIRE. 



63 



(20) From Portland 

TO CONWA.Y, N. H. i 
To Sacnrappa— 
see No. 1)... 



(23) F'm Portsmouth. 
N. H., TO Concord. 



Gorhiun . 

iSfiiiwiish 

Biildwiii 

Hinim 

Krovviitield 

Fryebiirg 

(JONVVAY 



10 

17 

25 

91 U 
61 40 



81 5«, 



To Durham 

iNotlinghariiTurn- 

pike 

lEiist Northwood . 
, West North wood. 

Epsom 

Chicliester 

(JONCORD 



(21) From Portland 

TO Boston, 
T^'ia Portsmouth, J^'ew- 
bart/port, and Salem. ■ 

Portsmouth, Saco, and 
Portland Railroad. \ 



[17 

3 26 
3^129^ 
3^:33 
d 39 

4 43 
8 151 

(24) From Exeter to 
Portsmouth, i 



14 



(28) From Concord 

to Conway. 
To Shaker Village 
Upper Gilmanton 

Guilford 

Meredith Village. 
Centre Harbor 

Moulloiiboro' 

Suiulwich 

S Turn worth 

Tail) worth 

Eat,,n 

Conway 



To Stratliam . . 

GreenJainl 

Portsmouth. 



'(25) From Exeter to 
I Newburyport. 



To Scarboro' 

Saco 

Kennebunk 

Wells 

North Berw-ick... 
South Berwick... 
Portsmouth — 



1 5 
81 13 
10| 23 



To Kensington.. 

Aniesliury 

Salisbury 

Bellevilleport ... 
Newburyport. 



ti 39 
12l 5L 



Eastern Railroad. 



(26) From Exeter to 
Concord. 



Greenland 

Hampton 

Hampton Falls... 

Seabrook 

Salisbury 

Newburyport.. 

Rowley 

Ipswich 

Wenham 

Beverly 

Salem 

Lynn 

Boston 



'ToEppmg 

North Raymond.. 
South Deertield... 
VVest Deerfield . . . 

Allenstown 

Pembroke 

Concord 



(29) From Concord 

to Haverhill. 
Canterbury. 
Nortbtield .. 
Sanbornt'n Bridge ! 

Sanbornton 

New Hampton ... 

Holderness 

Plymouth 

Ruuniey 

West Rumney . . . 

Wentworth 

Warren 

Haverhill. 



15 

17 

4 21 

8 29 

9 38 
43 



Hi 



(22) From Boston TO 
Littleton, N. H. I 

Via Dover, Conway, 
and the H'hite Moun- 
tains. 

To Dover— I I 

(see JSo. 3) I I 66 

Rochester 10 76 

Milton 10 So 

Union ' 6 92 

WakeHeld ! 5 97 



(27) From Boston to 

Concord, N. H. 
Via Lowell <S* JVashua. 

Boston <$- Lowell Rail- 
road. 
To Medford .... 
South Woburn. 

VVoburn 

Wilmington 

Billerica 

Billerica Mills.. 



' 5 

2174 
2UU 

j5 |15 

4 19 
.2J2U 



Ossipee. 

Centre Ossipee ... 

West Ossipee — 

Eaton 

Conway 

North Conway... 
Lower Bartlett . . , 

Bartlett 

The J\l'otch 

Bethlehem 

Littleton 



1010 
5112 
6 118 
9127 
6133 
3136 
3139 
6145 
21166 
13179 
5,181 



Lowell I4i 

I JSl'ashiia Railroad. 
'To Middlesex 
(^helmsford... 
Tyngsboro'... 

Little's 

Nashua 



2 30 
4' 34 

3 37 

4 41 



Concord Railroad. 



Thornton's Ferry 

Reed's Ferry 

Gotl"'s Falls 1 4 

Manchester 

Martin's Ferry ... 

Hooksett 

[Robertson's Ferry 
, Concord 



(30) From Boston to 

Burlington, 
Via Concord, Hanover, 

and Montpelier. 
To Concord — 
(see No. 27). 

Boscawen 

Salisbury 

Andover 

Wilmot 

Springfield 

Enfield 

Lebanon 

Hanover 

Norwich 

Stafford 

Chelsea 

Washington .. 

Barre 

Montpelier . 

Middlesex 

VA'aterbury 

Bolton 

Kirhmond 

WilLston 

Burlington . 



(31) From Concord 

to Guildhall, 

Via Plymoutk and Lit 

tleton. 

To Plymouth— 

(see No. 29) .... 

West Thornton ., 

W^oodstijck 

Frauconia 



64 



ROUTES IN VERMONT. 



Littleton. 
PiiiKreeville . 

Dalton 

Luncaster . . . 

tlUlLDHALL 



81 85 
6 91 



7105 
61111 



(32) From Concord 

TO Keene. 
To Hopkinton ... 

Henniker 

Hillsboro' Bridge. 

Hillsboro' 

South Stoddard .. 

Nelson 

Keene 



(33) From Nashua. TO 

MONTPELIER, Vt. 

Via Windsor and Roy- 
altun. 



To Amherst 

Mt. Vernon 

Francestown 

West Deering 

Hillsboro' 

Washington 

Lempster 

Unity 

Claremoiit 

West Claremont. . 

Cornish 

Windsor, Vt — 

Woodstock 

Barnard 

ROYALTON 

Randolph 

Brooklield 

Willuimstown 

Berlin 

MONTPELIKR 



(34) From Nashua TO 
Charlestown. 



ToMillbrd 

South Lyndboro'. 

Greentield 

Hancock 

Stoddiud 

South Marlboro'.. 

Alstead 

Langdon 

Charlestown.. 



(35) From Nashua to 
Brattle BORo', Vt 



Via Keene. 



ToMilford.... 
East Wilton... 

Wilton 

Temple 

Peterboro' 

Dublin (i 

Marlboro' 8 

Kkkne 5 



Chesterfield Fac. . I 8| 57 

Chesterfield 3 60 

Brattleboro' ..I 8| 68 

(36) From Lowell, 
Mass., TO Brattle- 
boro', Vt. 

North Chelmsford 

Tyiigsboro' 

Dunstable 

Pepperell 

Tovvnsend Harbor 

Townsend 

Ashley 

Rindge, N. H. ... 

Fitzwilliam 

Richmond 

Winchester 

Hinsdale 

Brattleboro'.. 



10 
16 
20 
22 

28 
39 
46 
53 
59 
65 
72 

(37) From Boston to 

Montreal, 
Via Fitckburg, Keene, 
j\'.H.,BeUoiDs' Falls, 
Vt., Rutland, JH/d- 
dietary, and Brattle- 
boro'. 

Fitchbarg Railroad. 
To W.Cambridge 

Wnltham 

Weston 

l^iiicoln 

Concord 

South Acto:i 

West Acton 

Littleton 

Grotoii 

Shirley Village... 
Leoruinster 

FlTCHBURG 



Stage. 

Aslihurnham 

VVinchenden 

Fitzwilliam, N.H. 

Troy 

Keene 

Walpole 

Bellows' Falls 
Rockingham ... 

La Grange 

Chester 

Cavendish 

Ludlow 

Mt. Holly 

Fiiilayville 

East Clarendon. 

Rutland 

Pittsford 

Brandon 

Leicester 

Salisbury 

Middle BURY .. 

Wey bridge 

New Haven 



Vergennes 

Ferrisburg 


7 
3 


IS 

•^16 


Shelburn . 


.>s 


Burlington 


230 


Steamboat. 
Plattsburg, 
N. Y 

Rouse's Point .... 
Isle auxNoi.v .... 
St. Johns, Canada 


25'^55 
25i280 
141294 
111305 


Ckamplain Sr St. Law- 
rence Railroad. 
La Prairie 1151320 


Steamboat. 
Montreal 1 91329 



(38) From Brattle- 

BORo', Vt., TO Al- 
BANY, N. v., 

Vi,a Bennington 

Trou. 
To West Brattle- 
boro' 

Marlboro' 

Wilmington 

Scarsburg 

Woodford 

Bennington — 

Hoosick — 

Pittstown 

Lansingburg 

Troy 

Albany 



and. 

I 

2' 

91 
18: 



7 


57 


'/ 


64 


H 


73: 


4 


77 


9 


86; 


12 


98, 


4 


1(121 


n 


1071 


5 


112! 


5 


117! 


[i 


126!; 


f) 


131 j 


8 


139 


7 


146! 


6 


In2 


4 


ir>6| 


h 


164 


8 


172 


4 


181 ! 


1(1 


191 


5 


196, 


3 


199 



37! 

% 

55.^ 
67 
71 
77 

(39) Fr'm Burlington. 
TO Albany, ) 

Via Middlebury S,- Cos- 
tleton. 

To Shelburn 

Charlotte 

Ferrisburg 

Vergennes 

Kew Haven 

Middlebury — 

Cornwall 

Whiting 

Sudbury 

Hubbardton 

Castleton 

Poultney 

Granville. N.Y... 

Hebron 

Salem '. 

Jackson 

Cambridge 

Lan.^ingburg 

Tkoy 

Albany 



14 



43 



61] 
701 
77 
87-1 
96, 
104 i 
110 
116 j 

1441 
150 



(40) Fr'm Burlington 
toWhitehall, N.Y.. 

To Vergennes— i I 
I (see No. 39).... 24' 
Addison 1 bl 3a 



ROUTES IN MASSACHUSETTS. 



65 



Bridport 

h^horehum 

Orwell 

Benson 

West Haven . 
Whitehall. 



8 38 

G 44 

« 50 

6 56 

6 62 

8 70 



(41) Fr'm Burlington 
TO Phillipsburg, 
Canadu. 

To Colcliester 

West Milton . 

Georgia 

S?T. Albans.. 

Hish Gute ... 

Phillipsburg.. 



Bakersfield . . 

Fairfield 

SSt. Albans 



(45) 



F'm Montpelier 
TO Derby. 



To Calais 

Woodbury 

La Moilleville , 
Hardwick 

(?i in <^ilover 

61 12} Barton 

Brownington., 
Derby 



41 

(42) Fr'm Burlington 
TO Derby. 

To Essex 

Jericho 

Underhill 

Cmnhridge 

Jeffersonville. . 

Johnson 

Eden 

Jjoweil 

Westtield 

Troy 

Newport 

Derby 



(43) From Burling- 
ton TO THE White 
Mountains, 

Vi<i Montpelier &r Lit- 
tleton. 

ToWiiliston ... 

Richmond 

Bolton 

Watorbnry 

Middlesex 

Montpelier .. 

PlaiulieJd 

Marsh field 

Cabot 

Danville 

St. Johnsbury .. 

Waterford 

Littleton, N. H. 

Bethlehem 

■J\i\itck House. .. 

Bartlett 

Conway 



(46) F'm Montpelier 
TO Haverhill, JM .H 



ToBarre 

Orange 

West Topsham . . 

East Corinth 

Bradford 

Haverhill 



(47) F'm Middlebury 
to Koyalton. 

To Ripton 

Hancock 

Rochester 

Stockbridge... 

Bethel 

Royalton 



(48) Fr'm Rutland to 
Hanover, N. H. 



(44) F'm Montpelier 
TO St. Albans, 
Via Johnson. 
To Worcester . 

Elmore 

Morrisville 

Hyde Park .... 

Johnson 

Waterville 



ToSherburn 

jBridgewater 

I Woodstock 

QueecheeVillage. 

Hartford 

Norwich 

Hanover 



(49) Fr'm Rutland to 
Whitehall, N.Y. 



To Cfistleton . . . 
Fair P]aven — 
Low Hitmpton , 
Whitehall .. 



I 12 

5 i; 

3 20 



(50) F'm Bennington 
to Rutland. 



ToShnftsbury. 

Arlington 

Sunderland 

Manchester 

Factory Point . 

; Kast Dorset . . . 
Dnnby 

[Wallingford... 

I Clarendon 

I Rutland 



(51) Fr'm Brattlebo- 
Ro' to Derby Line, 

Via Bellows' Falls, 
Windsor, Hanover, 
and Haverhill. 



To Chesterfield, 
N. H 

Westmoreland . . . 

Walpole 

Bellows' Falls 
Vt 

Charlestown, NH. 

Wethersfield 

Windsor 

Plaintield 

West Lebanon... 

Hanover 

Lyme 

Orford 

Piermoiit 

Haverhill 



Newbuiy, Vt.... 
Wells' River.... 
Mclndoes' Falls. 

Bariiet 

Passu msic 

St. Johnsbury... 

Lyndon 

Sutton 

Barton 

Brownington 

Derby 

Derby Line 



(52) 
Via 



From Boston to 

Albany, 

Worcester and 
Springfield. 

Boston and Worcester 
Railroad. 

To Brighton 

Angler's Corner 

Newton 

Needham , 

Natick , 

Franiingham 

Hopkinton 

Southboro' 

Westboro' 

Grafton 

Worcester ... 



I 5 
2 7 

2 9 
4i 13 
4 17 
4| 21 

3 24 

4 28 
4 32 
61 38 
d 44 



Western Railroad. 



Clappville 

Charlton 

Spencer 

East Brookfield . . 
South Brookfield. 
West Brookfield . 

Warren 

Palmer 

North Wilbraham 

Wilbrnlinm 

Springfield . . . 



66 



ROUTES IX MASSACHUSETTS. 



W. Springfield.. 

Westfield 

Russell 

Chester Vilkge.. 
Chester Factory. 
North Becket ... 

Washington 

Hinsdale 

Dalton 

PiTTSFIELD 

Sliaker Village.. 

Richmond 

State Line 



125 
135 
138 
143 
I4tj 
151 
15(5 
159 
162 

Albany and W. Stock- 
bridge Railroad 



21100 



81II6 
3|119 



Canaan, N. Y 

East Chatham 

Chatliani 

Kinderhook 

Schodack 

Greenbush 

Albany 



(53) From Fitchburg 

TO WiLLIAMSTOWN. 



To Westrninster- 

(seeNo. 37)... 

South Gardiner . 

Templeton 

Phillipstown 

Athol 

South Orange 

Irvingsville , 

Greenfield 

t^hellJurn 

Shelburn Falls ... 

Charlemont 

Florida 

North Adams 

WiLLIAMSTOWN. 



(54) Fr'm Worcester 
TO Lowell. 



To West Boylston 

Sterling 

Lancaster 

Shirley Village... 

Shirley 

Grotoii 

Forge Village 

Westford 

Chelmsford 

Lowell 



7 
13 
IS 
23 
25 
31 
3(5 
39 
44 
48 

(55) Fr'm Worcester 

to Nashua, N. H. 

Via Fitckburg. 



To West Boylston 

Sterling 

Leominster 

Fitchburg 

Lunenburg 

Groton 

Pepperell 

Nashua 



(56) Fr'm Worcester 
TO Keene, N. H. 

To Holden 

Hnbbardton 

Templeton 

Baldwinsville 

Royalton 

Richmond, N. H. 

Swansea 

Keene 



(57) Fr'm Worcester 

TO BRATTLEBORO'.Vt. 

ToPaxton 

(Joldbrook 

Barre 

Petersham 

xV. New Salem... 

Irvingsville 

XorthHeld 

Vernon, Vt 

Brattleboro'.. 



(58) Fr'm Worcester 
TO Greenfield. 



Boston and Worcester 
Railroad. 

Grafton 

Vilest boro' 

Southboro' 

Hopkinton 

Framingham 

Natick 

Needham 

Newton 

Angier's Corner. 

Brighton 

Boston 



To Barre 

Dana 

Millington 

Lock's Village... 

Montague 

Greenfield 



(59) From W. Brook- 

FIELD TO NoRTH- 
AMI'TON. 

To Ware, (see 

No. 52) 

Enlield 

Amherst 

Hadley , 

Northampton., 



(60) Fr'm Palmer De- 
pot TO Amherst. 

To Belchertown— 1 I 

(seeNo. 52) .... 10 
Amherst llOl 20 

(61) F'm Springfield 
TO Boston. 

Western Railroad. 



To Wilhraham 
\orth VVilbraham 

Pahner 

Warren 

VV. Brookfield.. 
.\. Brookiield .. 
K. lirookfield... 

Spencer 

(Jharlton 

Ch.ppviUe 

Worcester . . 



;.62) F'm Springf'd to 
Brattleboro', Vt. 
Via JVort/iampton. 

Spring-field and jVortk-^, 
amptoa Railroad. 

ToCabotville... 

VVillimanSeft. ... 

Northampton. 
Stage. 

Hatfield.. 

East VVhately... 

South Deerfield . 

Deerfield 

Greenfield 

Bernardston 

Guilford, Vt 

Brattleboro'. .. __ 

F'm Brattleboro' north, 
(see No. 51.) 

(63) F'm Springfield 
TO Greenfield, 
Via Jlinherst. 
ToCabotville.. 
Willimansett. .. 
S. Hadley Falls 
South Hadiey .. 
Holyoke Place . 

Hadley 

Amherst 

North Amherst. 

Sunderland 

Montague 

Greenfield... 



35 



(64) F'm Northampt'n 
TO Albany, N.Y. 





6l 


;j 


9^ 


6 


15 


1( 




A 


29 1 


2 


31 


3 


:^i 


2 


36 i 


n 


41 


4 


45 
54I 


y 



To W. HainiJton. 

Norwich 

Chester Village .. 
Albany, (see 
No. 52) 



(65) From Boston to 

New York, 
Via Worcester, Spring- 

field, Hartford, and 

JVew Haven. 
To Springfield,] I 

(see No. 52) ....I I 98 



ROUTES IN MASSACHUSETTS. 



67 



Hartford <S- Sprinsfield 
Railroad. 



Tiiompsonville... 
Windsor Locks .. 

Windsor 

Hartford 



81106 
5111 

6117 
71124 

Hartford iS- JVewHaven^ 
Railroad. 

New Britain 

Berlin 

Meriden 

Wullinglord 

North Haven 

New Haven 

Steamboat. 
To New York.. 



8;i32 

7142 

6148 

153 

160 

240 



(66) From Boston to 

New York, 
Via Worcester, JVor- 

wick, &i- Oreenport. 
To Worcester,! I 

(see No. 52) ....I | 44 

JVoi'wic/i <S,' fVorcester 

Railroad. 

Oxford 

Wel)ster 

Fishersville 

PonitVet 

Daysville 

Dunielsville 

Central Villnge .. 

I'laintield 

Jewett City 

Norwich 

Ailyn's Point*.... 

Strambuat. 

To Greenport,NY 

A. IslMid R. R. 

To New York.. 

* Steamboat. 
To New London . 
New York : 



Providence & Stonins-K'iO) From Boston to 



84 
87 
9.3 
103 
110 

30140 

96 



118 



ton Railroad 

Appona^ 

Greenwich . .. 

Wickford 

Kingston 

Kichmond 

t^hnrleston ... 

Westerly 

Stonington 
Steamboat 
To New York.. 125 214 

(^t^) From Boston to 
New Bedford, 

Via Taxtnton and Fall 

River Branck. 
To Manstield— I I 

(see No. 67) .... I | 24 
Taunton Br. Railroad. 

Norton | 51 29 

Taunton I 7| 36 

Mc.w Bedford Railroad. 

Freetown* I 61 42 

New Bedford ..|14| 56 
* The Fall River Rail- 
road e.xtends fm Free 
town 
ToFallKiver— ..I I 
(see No. 83) ....|ll| 53 

(69) From Boston to 

Orleans, 
Via Plymouth, Sand 

wich, ^' Barnstable. 

Old Colony Railroad. 



DUXBURY. 

To Unincy, 
Hingliam... 
Cohasset . .. 

Scituate 

Marsh field.. 
Duxbury ... 



(71) From Boston to 
Taunton. 



To Abington 

E. Bri(igevvater... 

[Bridgewater 

Taunton 



I 19 
5 24 

3 27 

loU: 



(72) F'm Plymouth to 
Falmouth. 



(67) From Boston to 

New York, 

Via Providence and 

Stonington. 

Boston and Providence 

Railroad. 

ToRoxbtiry 

Jatnaica Plains... 

Toll Gate 

Dedhum Low Pl'n 

Canton •. . 

Sharon 

Foxboro' 

Mansfield 

Toby's Corner 

Altleboroiigh 

D()d{.'eville 

Pernn's Crossing. 

Seekonk 

Providence 



a5 

4 |.39 

2ii4U 



To Savin Hill.. 

Dorchester 

Neponsett 

Ouincy 

N. Braintree 

W. Braintree 

S. Weymouth 

Abington 

S. Abington 

Hanson 

Halifax 

Plynipton 

Kingston 

Plymouth 

Stage. 

Eel River 

W. Sandwich.... 

Sandwich 

Yj. Sandwich 

W. Barnstable . . . 
Barnstable — 

Yarniouthport 

Yurnnouth 

Dennis 

Brewster 

Orlean.s 



To W. Sandwich. 

Monument 

Pocasset 

N. Falmouth 

W Falmouth .... 

Falmouth 

Wood's Hole 



(73) F'm Plymouth to 
New Bedford. 

To Carver 1 1 8i 

W. Wareham....J6:i|l5 

Rochester i6"i21 

Mattipoisett 16 27 

Fair Haven j5 32 

New Bedford ..11 l33 

(74) F'm Plymouth to 

Taunton. 



ToPlympton... 
Middleboro'... 
N. Middleboro' 
Taitnton 



(75) F'm NewBedford 

TO Sandwich. 
To Fair Haven. 
Mattipoisett.... 

Sippican 

Wnreham 

E. Wareham .. 
Sandwich 



(76) F'm NewBedford 
TO Nantucket, 
Via Holmes's Hole. 

Steamboat- 
Holmes's Hole ...I 139 

1261 



Nantucket 



65 



(77) F'm NewBedford 

TO Providence. 
Tf> N. Dartmouth I 3i 

Westport Al\ 8 

Fall River 18 116 



68 



ROUTES IN RHODE ISLAND. 



Swansea 14 20 

S. Seekonk 8 28 

Providence 1 5 33 

(78) Fr'm Taunton to 
Sandwich. 



To Middleboro' 
y. Middleboro' , 

Wiireham 

Sandwich , 



(79) From Boston to 
VVooNsocKET Falls 
R.I. 



To Dedham 

W. Dedham 

Med field 

R-ckville 

Fnirikiin City ... 

Franklin 

woonsocket 
Falls 



(80) From Lowell to 
Newburyport 

Fia, Haverhill. 

ToDracut 

Methuen 

lliiverhili 

E. Haverhill 

W. Ainesbury... 

Ainesbury 

Salisbury 

Bellevilleport 

Newburyport. 

(81) From Salem to 

rockport. 
To Manchester...! I 9 

Gloucester I 7| 16 

Rockport I 51 21 

(82) From Fall River 
TO Newport, R. I. 

To Tiverton I I 6 

Portsmouth I 3l 9 

Newport I 91 18 

(83) Fr'm Providence 
' TO New Bedford, 

Mass. 
To S. Seekonk 
N. Swansea... 

Swansea 5 14 

Fall River 4 18 

Westport 8 26 

N. Dartmouth 4 

New Bedford.. 3i 33 

(84) Fr'm Providence 
TO Newport. 

ToBarrington. 

Wurren 

Bristol 

Portsmouth 

Newport — 



2i 


2^ 


4 


6*1' 


2A 


9 


H 


lOi 


4s 


15 




17A 


;■{ 


2UJ, 


3A 


24 


3A 


2/i 


5a 


33 


4 


3/ 


1 


3S 


li 


39V 


2 


41 i 



(85) Fr'm Providence i 

TO Boston. i 

Boston and Providence 
Railroad. < 

To Seekonk 

Perrin's Crossing. 

Dodgeville 

Attleboro' 

Toby's Corner 

Mansfield 

Foxboro' 

Sharon 

Canton 

Dedhiini Low Pl'n 

Toll Gate 

Jamaica Plain 

Roxbury 

Boston 

(86) Fr'm Providence 
to Worcester, 

Via JVoonsocket Falls. 
To Pawtucket. 
Lime Ruck 

WoONSOCKET 

Falls 

VVatertbrd .... 

Blackstone 

iVlillville 

Uxbridge 

Whitingville 3 

Northbridge \ 2 

FarmersviTle ! 2| 34 

Wilkinsonviile... 3 37 

Milbury i 4l 41 

Worcester 1 6! 47 

(87) Fr'm Providence 
TO Thompson, Ct. 

To Fruit H 
Greenville. 
Chepacket 
Thumps(jn 



W. Greenwich.,. 

Pine Hill 

Brand's IronW'ks 

Hopkinton 

N.Stonington,Ct. 

My.«tick 

Groton Centre. . . . 

Groton 

New London 



(88) Fr'm Providence 

TO KiLLINGLY, Ct. 

To N. Scituate...! | 10 
Foster 



E. Kiliingly I 61 25 

Killingly I 2I27 

(89) Fr'm Providence 
TO Plainfielu, Ct. 



To S. Scituate . . . 

Mt. Vernon 1 6 

Rice City 12 

i Sterling, Ct | 5 

Plainfield 1 4 



(90) Fr'm Providence 
TO N. London, Ct. 

ToNatick I I 9 

Centreville 2 11 

Coventry ! 21 13 



(91) Fr'm Providence 

TO STONINGTON.Ct. 

Providence &,• Stoning- 

ton Railroad. 
To Apponag 
Greenwich .. 
VVickford ... 

Kingston 

Richmond... 
Charleston . . 

Westerly 

Stonington 



31 

38 

.42i 

51148 

(92) Fr'm Providence 

to Wickford. 
To Pawtucket.... 

Warwick 

E.Greenwich 

Wickford 



I ^ 
6 11 

3 14 
8122 



(93) From Hartford 
TO Springfield. 

Hartford S,- Upringjield 
Railroad. 

To Windsor 7 

Windsor Locks . 
Thoinpsonville.. 
Springfield ... 



18 



(94) From Hartford 
TO New Haven. 



Hartford ^- J\rew Haven 
Railroad. 



To New Britai 

Berlin 

Meriden 

Wallingtbrd... 
North Haven.. 
New Haven.. 



(95) From Hartford 
TO New Haven, 
Via Middletown. 

To Wethersfield.. 

Rocky Hill 

Up'r Middletown. 

Middletown 

Durhnm 

Northford 

Fair Haven 

x\kw Haven 



ROUTES IN CONNECTICUT. 



69 



(96) From Hartford 

TO SaYBRUOK. 

To Middletown 

Higpunum 

Hailduiu 

E. Hiidclam .... 

Chester 

Deep River 

Essex 

Saybrook 5 42, 

(97) From Hartford' 
TO New London. 



Somers 

N. Somers.., 
Wilbrahani 



(103) From Hartford 

to Westfield, Ms. 
TuBloointield.... 

Taritfville 

(irnnhy 

Southwick, Mass, 
Westfield 



To E.Hartford... 

(Jlastunbury 

Marlboro' 

Colchester 

Salem 

Chesterfield 

New London..., 

(98) From Hartford 
TO Norwich, 
Via Colchester. 

To Colchester .... I 12-1 

Bozrah 9 33 

Norwich I 6| 39 

(99) From Hartford 
TO Norwich. 

To E. Hartford 

Manchester 

Bolton 

Andover 

Columbia 

Liberty Hill... 

Lebanon 

Franklin 

Norvvichtowu . 
Norwich 



1 

10 
14 

19 
24 

28 
31 

37 

40 

42; 

(100) From Hartford; 

TO W. KiLLINULY 

To Manchester— 
(see No. 99) ... . 

Coventry 

S. Coventry 

Willimantic 

Windham , 

Howard Valley... 

Brooklin 

W.Killingly 



(104) From Hartford 

TO Canaan. 
To W. Hartford. . 

Avon 

Canton 

Collinsville 

New Hartford 

Winchester 

Millbrook 

Norfolk 

Canaan 



10 
13 
15 
21 

2: 

37 
43 

(105) From Hartford 

TO Litchfield. 
To W. Hartford. 

Farmington 

Bristol 

Terrysville 

Plymouth 

Northtield 

Litchfield — 



(106) F'm Norwich to 

Worcester, Mass. 
JVorwic/i <S- Worcester 

Rdilrond. 
To Jewett's City. 

Plaintield 

Central Village... 

Danielsville 

Daysville 

Pomfret 

Fishersviile 

Webster, Mass. . . 

Oxford 

Worcester — 



(101) From Hartford 
to Killingly. 

To Coventry I I 17 

Mansfield I 7 24 

Ashford ,8 32 

Abington I 7 39 

Pomfret Landing. 4 43 i 
Killingly 2l 45 

(102) From Hartford 

TO WiLBRAHAM, Ms. 

To E.Windsor... I 7 
Pcantic Village ..6 13 
Broatl Brook ! 31 16 



(107) F'm Norwich to 
New \ork. 

Railroad. I I 
To Allyn's Point. 7 

Steamboat. \ 
New York 142|l49 

(108) F'm Norwich to 
Springfield, Mass. 

To Norwichtown. 

Franklin 

Windham 

Mnn-field 

Tolland 

Ellington 

Somers 

E. Long Meadow. 



bPRINGFlELD 



9 14i 

10 24 

6 30! 

6 36 

6 42 

7 49 
5. 54 



(109) Fr'm N. London 
TO Stonington. 



ToGroton 

Feciuot 

.Mystick 

Porte rsville 

Mystick Bridge. 
Stonington... 



(110) F'm New Haven 
to New London. 



To E. Haven.. 

Branfbrd 

Guilford 

Madison 

Clinton 

Westbrook 

Saybrook — 

Lyme 

E. Lyme 

Riverhead 

Waterford 

New London. 



(Ill) F'M New Haven 

TO Springfield. 



Hartford S,- Mew Haven 
Railroad. 



To North Haven 

Wallingford 

Meriden 

Berlin 

New Britain 

Hartford 



Hartford Sr S-pringfield 
Railroad. 



Windsor 

Windsor Locks .. 
Thompsonville . . . 
Springfield 



(112) F'm New Haven 

TO Boston, 

Via Springfield, 

(See No. 125)....! 1160 

From New Haven to 
Albany, N. Y., 
Via Springjield. 

To Springfie'd- I I 

(see No. 111)... t 62 
Albany 102164 



(113) F'm New Haven 
to Litchfield. 

iTo Westville.. 

Straitsville .... 

[Niiugatuck 

j Water!) nry 

Waterlown ... 
I Litchfield .. 



70 



ROUTES IN NEW YORK. 



(114) F'm New Haven 

TO Litchfield, 
Via Derby. 

To Derby.... 

Hiiinphreysville .. 

U.vford 

Siiuthbury 

Woodbury 

Betiileheiii 

youth Farms 

Litchfield 



(115) F'm New Haven 

to Farmington. 
To Hamden... 

Cheshire 

Southuigton... 

I'laniville 

Farmington . 



(116) F'm New Haven 
to New York, 

Via Bridgeport and 

Morioalk. 

(See No. 126) ....I I 78 

(117) F'm New Haven 
TO New York. 

Steamboat. 
To Bridgeport....] 120 
New York 160180 

(118) F'm Bridgeport 
to Albany, N. Y., 

Via West Stockbridge. 

Housatonic R. R 

To Stepney 

Bottsford 

Newtown 

Hawleyville 

Brookheld 

New Milford .. 
Gaylord's Bridge, 

Kent 

Cornwall Bridge , 

Cornwall 

Canaan 

Mass. State Line, 
Berksliire and West 

Stockbridge R. R. 

Shetlield 

(^reat Barringtoii. 
Van Deusenville . 
W. Stockbridge 
N. Y. State Line. 
Albany and W. Stock 

bridge Railroad. 



6i 8(3 

2i 88 

8 96 

2| 98 



Canaan 

Chatham 4 Corn's 

Kinderhook 

Schodack 

Albany 1 8 



(119) F'm Litchfield 
TO W. Cornwall 

To Goshen— 
(see No. 118) ,., 

Cornwall 

W. Cornwall . , 



12 

15 

(120) F'm Litchfield 
to New Milford. 
7 
11 
15 
19 



To Wood villa.... 

New Preston 

North ville 

NewWilford... 
(121) Fr'm New York 

TO Boston, 
Via Greenport, J^or- 

wick, iS,- Worcester. 
To Brooklyn .. 
L. Island R. R. 

Bedford 

East New York . , 

Union Course 

Jamaica 

Brushville 

Hempstead Br..., 

Carl Place 

Hicksville 

Farmingdale 

Deerpark 

Suffolk Station ., 

Medford 

St. George's Man 

Riverhead 

Mattetuck 

Southold 

Greenport 

Steamboat. 
To New London 

Allyn's Point 

JVorwich ^ Worcester 

Railroad. 

Norwich 

Jewett's City 

Piaintield 

Central Village . 

Danielsville 

Daysville 

Pomfret 

Fishersville 

Webster, Mass, . 

O.xford 

Worcester 

Boston and Worcester 

Railroad. 

Grafton 

Westboro' 

Southboro' , 

Hopkiiiton , 

Frammgham 

Natick 

Needham , 

Newton , 

Angler's Corner., 

Brighton 

Boston 



128 



200 

206 

210 

214 

217 

4 221 

41225 

4J229 

2231 

2233 

5i238 



(122) F'M New YorK'I 

to Boston, j 

Via Stonington and 

Providence. 

Steamboat. \ I i 

To Stonington.! |125 | 

Providence iS- Stoning- j 

ton Railroad. i 



Westerly . . 
Charleston 
Richmond. 
Kingston .. 
Wickford . 
Greenwich , 
Apponag. . . 
Providenc 



130i, 

135 

142 

148 

155 

161 

164 

172i 



Boston and Providence 
Railroad. 



Seekonk 
Perrin's Crossing 

Dodgeville 

Attleborough 

Toby's Corner... 

Mansfield 

Foxboro' 

Sharon 

Canton 

Dedham Low PI. 
Jamaica Plains.. 

Roxbury 

Boston 



175 
179 
181i 
183 
1874 
190 
193 
196i 
200 
205J 
210i 



(123) F'M New 
to Boston 
ViaJVew Haven, 
ford, Springjie 
Worcester. 
Steamboat. 
Black well's Is). .. 
Hell Gate 


^0 

H 

Id, 

3 
3 
5 
8 
8 
3 
3 
8 

12 
3 
3 

12 
3 

fa 

b 
6 

3 

8 


RU 

■t 

4 

7 


Brothers' Island.. 
Throg's Neck.... 

New Rochelle 

Captain's Island . 
Greenwich Point . 

Shippan Point 

Norwalk Islands . 

Black Rock 

Bridgeport 

Stratford 


10 
15 
23 
31 
34 
37 

1? 


Neck Point 

New Haven 

Hartford.^- jXew/ 

Railroad. 
To North Haven . 

Wallingford 

Meriden 


75 
78 
Jen 
85 
% 






New Britain 

Hartford 


114 



Hartford S,- Springfield 
Railroad. 

Windsor I 71121 

Windsor Locks ..I 6|l27 



ROUTES IN NEW YORK. 



71 



Thompsonville ...I 51132' 

Springtield 181140 

fVestern Railroad. I 



61146 

9|155 



Wilbraham 

Palmer 

Warren 

West Brooktield . 
East Brookfield .. 

Spencer 

Charlton 

ClappviUe 

Worcester — 
Boston and Worcester 

Railroad. 
To Boston— I I 
...1441238 



Stamford 

Darien 

Nnrwalk 

Westport 

Soutliport 

Fairfield 

Bridgeport. 

Stratford 

Milford 

New Haven. 



(see No. 121) 



(124) F'm N. York to 
Albany & Troy, 



Via Bridgeport. 



Steamboat. 
To Bridgeport, Ct 
Hoiisatunic R. R. 

Stepney 

Bottsford 

Newtown 

Hawleysville 

Brooklield 

New Milford 

Gaylord's Bridge. 

Kent 

Cornwall Bridge . 

Cornwall 

Canaan 

Mass. State Line. 
Berkshire Sr W. Stock- 

bridse Railroad. 



42 
48 
52 
56 
58 
62 
6v 
69 
78 

(126) F'm New York 
I TO Danbury, Ct. 
Harlem Railroad. 

To Harlem 

Fordham 

Williams' Bridge. 
Hunt's Bridge — 

Tnckahoe 

Hart's Corners 

White Plains .. 

Stage. 
The PnrcTiase .... 

x\orth Castle 

Bedford 

Cross River 

S. Salem 

Ridgetield, Ct. ... 
Danbury 



Shettield, Mass. . 
Great Barrington 
Van Deiisenville 
W. Stockbridge. 
N. Y. State Lnie 
Mbany Sr West Stock 
bridge Railroad. 



'(127) F'M New York 

TO Albany. 
!to King's Bridge. 

lYonkers 

Dobb's Ferry 

jTarrytown 

iSinrSing 

Cortlandtown 

[Peekskill 

Philipsburg 

Fishkill 

Wappinger'sCr'k 

POITGHKEEPSIE.. 

Hyde Park 

Staatsburg 

Rhinebeck 

Red Hook 



Canaan 

Chatham 4 Cor's . 

Kinderbook 

Scliodark 

Albany 

7Voj/ and Greenbush 

Railroad. 

Troy I 61201 



(125) F'M New York 
TO New Haven. 



Upper Red Hook. 

Cle 



To Harlem 

West Chester 

New Rocbelle 

Mamaroneck 

Rye 

Port Cliesler 

Greenwich, (/onn 



130 



ermont 

Livingston 

Hudson 

Stockport 

Stuyvesant Falls 

Kinderhook 

Schodack Centre 

Greenbush 

Albany 

(128) F'm New York 
to Albany. 
Steamboat. 
Manhattanville 
Kort Lee, N. J. 

Yonkers 

Hastings 

Uobb's Ferry.. 



IPiermont ... 
Tarrytowii ... 

Sing Sing 

Verplanck's Point 
Cnlawell's Land's 
West Point ... 

Cold Spring 

(,'ornwall 

Newbiirgh 

Sew Haujburgh 

Milton 

Povghkeepsik. 

Hyde Park 

Pelham 

llhinebeck 

Ked Hcjok, Lower 
Red Hook, Upper 

Saugerties 

Cattskill 

Hudson 

Coxsackie 

Kinderhook L'd'g 

N. Baltimore 

Coeymaiis 

Castleton 

Overslaugh 

Albany 



2|24 
27 
33 
40 
44 
52 
54 
57 
61 
67 
70 
74 



84 
90 
97 
100 
101 
111 
116 
124 
127 
131 
133 
137 
142 
145 

(129) F'm New York 
to Montreal, 

Via Jllbnnv, Troy, ^ 
Whitehall. 
Steamboat. 

To Albany 

Troy 

Stage. 

Lansingburgh 

Schagticoke 

Easton 

Greenwich 

Argyle 

Hartford 

(Jranville 

Whitehall 

Steambi-at. 

Ticonderuga 

Crown Point 

Port Henry 

Westport 

Essex 

Burlington, Vt. .. 

Plattsburgh 

Rouse's Point 

isle aux Noix, Ca. 

St. John's 

Champlain <i- St. Law 

rence Railroad. 
La Prairie |J5| 

Steamboat. 
Montreal .. 

(130) F'm New York 
to Albany. 

West side of the Hud- 
son River. 
Steamboat. 

To Pier>iont ...1 1 24 



374 



72 



ROUTES IN NEW YORK. 



Erie Railroad. 

Ramiipo 

Monroe Works... 

Turner's Depot... 

Stnse. 

Nevvburgh 

Marlboro' 

Milton 

New PaJtz 

Esopus 

Rondout 

Kingston 

Glasco 

Saugerties 

Maiden 

Cattskill 

Athens 

Coxsackie 

New Baltimore .. 

Coeynians 

Albany 



20! 44 

81 52 
5 57 



8107 
21109 
9118 
3121 
3124 
9133 
6:139 
81147 
6 153 
21155 
121167 



(131) F'm New York 

TO Dunkirk. 

Steamboat. 

ToPiermont 

JV. Y. <V Erie RR. 

Blauveltville 

Clarkstown 

Morsey's 

SatFern's 

Rarnapo 

Monroe Works... 

Turner's 

Monroe Village .. 

Chester 

Goshen 

N^wlmniptun 

Middletown 

atage. 

Bloominf?burg 

Wurtsboro' 

Bridgeville 

Moiiticello 

White Lake 

liethel 

Eosterdale 

Coshocton 

Damascus, Pa 

Riley ville 

I'ieasant Mount . . 

Dimocksville 

Gibson 

New Milford 

Great Bend 



37! 

42! 
44 
52 1 
57 i 
60] 
65' 
70 

Ji 

981 
511031 
8[111 
3114 
5119 
5124 
11125 
91341 
12 146 1 
61152 
7 1 159 
81671 

, 6173 

Concklin, N. Y...t 9182 



Chemung 

Baldwin 

Elmtra 

BiffFi.Lts 

E. Painted Post . , 

Corning 

Pamted Post 

Cainpbelltown ... 

Mud Creek 

Bath 

Kennedysville 

Goff's Mills 

Howard , 

Hornellsville 

Almond 

Centre Almond.., 

W. Almond 

Angelica 

Belfast 

Caneadea , 

Rushtbrd 

Fartnersville 

Frankliuville 

Ellicottsville 

Little Valley 

Napoli 

Randolph 

Waterlwro' 

Levant 

Jamestown 

Vermont 

Gerry 

Holden ville 

Fredonia 

Dunkirk 



335 
341 

6|347 
71354 

5 359 
13372 

7:379 
8^387 
5[392 

6 398 
5 403 
51408 
71415 
51420 
7,427 
8435 
31438 

(132) F'M New York 

TO Barcelona. 
To Jamestown — 
(see No. 131) . . 

Harmony 

Magnolia 

Maysville 

Westfield 

Barcelona 



5|237 

41241 
9250 
9 259 



263 



BlNGHAMTON 

Union 

Campville 

Owego— 

(see No. 136) 
Tioga Centre. . 

Smithsboro' 4 221 

Barton ! 4 225 

Factory ville i 4 229 

Athens, Pa 3232 



8190 

Bias 

6j204 

7 211 
217 



408 
8416 
7423 
6429 
6435 
2I437 

(133) F'M New York 
TO Rochester, 

yia Owet;o, Geneseo, 
cV-c. 
To Bath— 

^(seeNo. 131) ... 

Kennedysville 

|Avoca 

Conhocton , 

Patchin's Mills.., 

Dansville 

Sparta , 

:Grovehind 

[Groveland Centre 

iGkneseo 

South Avon 

Avon , 

IRush 8l3o2 

Henrietta 51357 

Rochester ! 71:364 



412!:)0 
41294 
8l3<r2 
81310 
6316 
31319 
5 324 
61330 
61:^36 
6I342 
2344 



(134) F'M New York 

TO Ithaca, 
Via Pater son, JV, J., 

Milford, Penn., and 

Uonesdale. 
To Jersey City ...I I 1 
Paterson and Hudson 
Railroad. 

Bergen 

Aquackanonck... 

Paterson 

Stage, 

Pompton 

Newfoundland... 

Stockholm 

Hamburg 

Deckertown 

Liberty ville 

Milford, Pa. ... 

Durlingsville 

Tafton 

Cherry Ridge 

Honesdale 

Waymart 

Carbondale 

Dundatr 

Lenox 

Brooklyn 



35 



53 
5« 
14! 70 
12, 82 
lOl 92 
8' 100 
51105 
9114 
6120 
8128 
8136 

, 9145 

Montrose 1 7;152 



6158 
6164 

8i72 
91181 



Forest Lake. 

Friendsville 

Warrenham 

Owego, N.Y 

Ithaca S,- Owego Rail- 
road. 
Ithaca 1291210 

(1340 F'M x\. York to 
Honesdale, Pa. 

fia Piermont and Go- 
shell. 

Steamboat S,- Erie Rail- 
road. 

To E. Middletown 
(see No. 131) . . . 

Mt. Hope 

Cuddybiickville.. 

Forestburg 

Beaver Brook 

Narrowsburg 

Honesdale 



88 



112 



81120 
12! 132 

(135) F'M N. York TO 
Washington, D.C. 

Fia Trenton, Philadel- 
phia, IVilmington, Sr 
Baltimore. 

Steamboat. 
To Jersey City . . , 
JV. ./ersci/ R. R. 

Newark 

Elizabethtown ... 



1' 



1 5i 14 

Railway ' sl 19 

Metuehiu ' 8j 27 

New Brunswick 4' 31 



ROUTES IN NEW YORK. 



73 



Trenton S,- JV. Bruns 
wick Railroad. 



Kingston 114 

Princeton I 4 

Trenton 10 

Morrisville, Pu. ..1 1 
Phiiadclvhia &' Trenton 
Railroad. 

Bristol I 91 6E 

Stenmboat. 
Philadelphia... 1191 8? 
Philadelphii, Wilming- 
ton, &,■ Baltimore RR. 



Gray's Ferry 

Lazaretto 

Chester 

Marcus' Hook... 
Naaman's Creek 
Wilmington... 

Newport 

Stanton 

Newark 

Elkton 

Northeast 

Charlestown 

Cecil 

Havre tie Grace . 
Hall's ><! Roads.. 

Perry man's 

Gunpowder 

Harewood 

Chase's 

Steinmer's Run . 

Canton 

Baltiiviore 

Baltimore &■ Ohio R.R. 

Relay House I 81193 

Washington Br. RR. 



Elkridge Land'g . 
Annapolis June... 

Beltsville 

Bludenshurg 

Washington ... 



6|-22j 



(136) F'm New York 

to Geneva, 
Via Piermont, Owego, 

and Ithaca. 
To Owego— I I 

(see No. 131)... I 1211 
Ithaca Sr Owego Rail- 
road. 

Candor 

Wilseyville 

Ithaca* 

Steamboat. 

Ludlowville 

Frog Point 

Sheldrake Point. 

Aurora 

Levanna 

Springport 

Cayuga Bridge . 



\ .Auburn and Rochester] 
Railroad. 

I Seneca Falls I r.|287 

VV^titerloo 4 .^l 

I Geneva I /IJ9S 

I* To Ithaca (as 

above) 

Stage. 

•lacksonvijle.. 
[Trumansburg 

j Covert 

j Farmer 

Lodi 

Ovid 

Romulus 

i Varick 

j West Fayette 

Geneva 

(137) Fr'm Peekskill 
to Danbury, Ct. 

To Yorktown .... 

Somers 

Salem 

N. Salem 

Ridgebury, Ct. .. 
Danbury 





240 


8 


248 


H 


2,-11 


H 


254 


4 


2o8i 


5 


2H3| 




■.w 


H 


2741 


H 


■i77 


4 


2S1 


y 


■M' 



(138) F'm Sing Sing to 
Pawling's. 



To Pine's Bridge. 

Somers 

Owensville 

Southeast , 

Patterson 

Pawling's 

(139) F'm Po'keepsie 

TO N.MlLFORD, Ct. 

To Manchester 

Bridge 

Arthursburg.. . . 
Beekmantown.. 

Poughquag 

Pawling's 

Quaker Hill.... 

Siierman 

New Milford 



(140) F'm POUGHKEEP. 

siE TO West Corn- 
wall, Ct. 

To Pleasant Val 

ley 

Washington Hol- 



Hartsville 

Mabbetsville 

Ijithgow 

Amenia 

Leedsville 

Amenia Union... 

Sharon, Ct 

W. Cornwall .. 
4 



(141) Fr'm Hur.soN to 
Gr't Barrington. 

ToCIaverack .... 
Smoky Hollow.., 

Hillsdale 

S. Egremont, Ms 
Gr. BarringtonI 5 

(142) From Hudson 
TO New Lebanon 
Springs. 

Hudson iSr Berkshire 

Railroad. 
To Mellenville .. 

Ghent 

Cliatham 4 Cor's 

Stage. 
New Lebanon... 
New Lebanon 
Springs 



(143) Fr'm Albany to 
Pittsfield, Mass. 

To Schodack Cen- 
tre 

Nassau 

Brainard's Bridge 

Mortii's Store 

New Lebanon 

New Lebanon 
Springs 

Pittsfield 



(144) Fr'm Albany to 

Boston. 
ToGreenbush....! I 1 
Mbany &,- JVest Stock- 
bridge Railroad. 

Schodack 

Kinderhook... 

Chatham 

E. Chatham... 

Canaan 

State Line 



Western Railroad. 

Richmond 3i 41 

Shaker Village... 3, 44 

Pittsfield 

Dalton 

Hinsdale 

Washington 

North Becket 

Chester Factory.. 
Chester Village... 

Russell 

Westfield 

W. Springfield... 

Springfield 

Wilbraham 

N. Wilbraham... 

Palmer 

Warren 

W. Brooktield.... 



5 49 
5 54 
3 57 
5 62 
3 65 
lo! 75 
81 
84 



8'100 
2J02 
6108 
3111 
6117 
10127 
41131 



74 



ROUTES IN NEW YORK. 



S. Brookfield 
E. Brooktield 

Spencer 

Chnrlton 

Cliippville i 4 147 

Worcester ' 9156 

Boston and Worcester 
Railroad. 

Grafton 

Westboro' 

Southboro' 

Hopkinton 

Frtiiningham.... 

Nutick 

Needham 

Newton 

Angler's Corner. 

Brighton 

Boston 



2, 133 1 1 Stage. 

3136 Fortsville 

21138 Sandy Hil 



5143 



6162 
6168 
4172 

4il76 
3179 

41183, 
4|187i 
4 191; 
2193! 
21195' 



(145) Fr'm Albany to 
Bennington, Vt. 



To Troy 

I.ansiiigburg . 
Raymertown. 

Pittstown 

Hoosick 

Bennington. 



Kingsbury 

Fort Ann 

Whitehall. 



(148) Fr'm N. York to 

Whitehall, 

Via Albany Sf Troy. 

Steamboat. 
To Albany— 

(see No. 128) .. 
„^ Stage. 

Watervliet 

Troy 

Lansingburg 

VVaterford 

Mechanicsville... 

Stillwater 

Bemus' Heights.. 

Schuylersville 

Northumberland . 
Fort Miller 



j--^; I Fort Edward. 
23 Sandy Hill. 



(146) Fr'm Albany to 

Lake George, 

Via Saratoga Springs 

and Glenn's Falls. 

Mokawk and Hudson 

Railroad. 
ToSchenectadyI 1 16 

Saratoga. ^- Schenecta- 
dy Railroad. 
Re.\ ford Flats .... 

Burnt Hills 

Ballstoii Centre... 

B.illston 

Saratoga Sp'gs. 
Stage. 

Wilton 

Fortsville 

Glenn's Falls . 
Caldwell (at the 

foot of Lake 

George) 



(147) Fr'm Albany to 
Saratoga Springs 
and Whitehall, 
Via Troy. 

ToTroy 1 1 6 



Rensselaer (\- Saratoga 
Railroad. 


Waterford 4 

JVIephaiiirsville... 8 

BallstonSp.i 12 

Saratoga Sp'os. 7 


10 
18 
30 
37 



Kingsbury 

Fort Aon 

Comstock's Land- 
ing 

Whitehall 



(149) Fr'm Albany to 

Montreal, 

(Winter Route,) 

Via Glenn's Falls S,- 

Plattsburgh. 
To Glenn's Falls 

(see No. 146) .. 

Caldwell 

Warrensbnrg 

(^hestertown 

Schroon Ijake... 
Sfhroon River . . 
Elizabethtown .. 

JiCwis 

Keeseville 

Peru 

Plattsburgh.. 
House's Point ... 
LaColle, CJan... 

Napierville 

Douglassville 4 212 

St. Philip 6i218 

La Prairie 6224 

Across St. Law. I 

retire to I I 

Montreal 9233 

(loO) F'm Albany to 

Buffalo. 
Mohawk and Hudson 

Railroad. 
To Schenectady . . I i It 



Utica and Schenectadjf 
Railroad. 

Hoftman's 

Cranesville 

Amsterdam 

Tribe's Hill 

Fonda 

Spraker's 

Palatine Bridge . 

Fort Plain 

Palatine Church. 
St. Johnsville ... 

Little Falls 

Herkimer 

Schuyler 

Utica 

Syracuse &,- Utica Rail 

rond. 
Whitesboro' .. 

Oriskany 

[ Rome 

Verona Centre 
Oneida Depot , 
Wampsville.. . 

Canastota 

(Jhittenango... 

Manlius 

Syracuse 

Auburn and Si/racuse 
Railroad. 

Geddes 

Camillus 

Elbridge 

Skaneatelas June. 

Sennet 

Auburn 



97i 
101 i 
1081 
117 
121 
124: 

127; 

133 
137 
147, 



3207 

1208 

3211 

6 216 , 

219 

31223 

.'t23l 

I2I243 , 

4 247 

4I25I 

Tonawanda Railroad. 



Auburn and Rochester , 
Railroad. ,i 

Cayuga Bridge. 
Seneca Falls . . . 

Waterloo 

Geneva 

Oak's Corners.. 

E. Vienna 

W. Vienna 

Clifton Springs. 
Short's Mills.... 

Chupinsville 

Canandaigua... 

Victor 

Pittsford 

FUighton 

Rochester . . 



14 265 

4269 

27ti 



Chnrchville 
Rergen . . . 

Byron 

Batavia .. 
Alexander 
Attica . . 

Attica Sr Buffalo Rail 
road 

Darien 

Alden 

f>iinrasler 

Buffalo 



294 



10315 
IOL23 



ROUTES IN NEW YORK. 



051) From Troy to 

schknectady. 
Schenectady and Troy 

Rn it road. 
ToSche.nkctadyI 1 20 

052) From Troy to 
Whitehall. 



To Liinsingburgh. 

Junction 

JScliagticoke 

Enstoii 

Greenwich 

N. Greenwich... 

Argyle 

Hartfcrd 

N. Granville 

Whitehall 



053) From Troy to 
Hancock, Muss. 



To Wyntint's Kill 

Sand Lake 

Alps 

Stephentown 

Hancock 



I ^ 

7 11 
3 14 

8 22 
3l 25 



054) From Troy to 

Burlington, Vt. 

Via Castleton. 



To Troy 

Lansingburgh 

Junction 

Tomhannock 

Prospect Hill 

Buskirk's Bridge. 

Cambridge 

Jacksiin 

Salem 

Hebron 

(Jranville 

W. PouHney,Vt.. 

("nstletoii 

Burlington — 
(see No. 39).... 



149 



055) F'm Albany to 

Syracu.se, 
Via Cherry Valley and 

jMarrisville. 
To Guilderland .. 

Dunnsville 

Huauesburg 

Esperance 

Sloiinsville 

Carlisle 

Sharon 

Sharon Springs .. 

Leesville 

Cherry Valley 

E. Springfield 

Springfield 

Warren 

Richfield Springs. 



Winfield 

Bridgewater 

Sangertield 

Madison 

MORRISVILLK.. 

Nelson 

Cazenovia 

Gran 

Manlius 

Fayetteville 

De Witt 

Syracuse 



' Hastings 

Yonkers 

Fort Lee, N. J. .. 
Manhiittaiiville. .. 
New York 



21125 

3128 
7!l35 
2137 
8.145 



056) Fr'm Albany to 

Binghamton. 
To Guilderland .. 9 

Kiiowersville 

Knox 

Gallupsville 

Schoharie 

Puirchkill 

Cobleskill 

Richmondville .. 
East Worcester . 

Worcester 

Maryland 

Colliersville 

Oneonto , 

Otego 

Unadilla 

Biiinbr.dge 

f^. Bainbridge ... 

Nineveh 

Harpersvilie 

Colesville , 

Binghamton ... 



St 

9ti 
103 

107 1 (158) Fr'm Cattskill 
113 { TO Canajoharie. 

in! To Leeds 4 

Cairo 6 10 

Winansville 7 17 

Durham 6 23 

Oakhill 

Preston Hollow... 4 

Livingstonville... 4 

^.i Middlebury 

io Schoharie 



4 
6 
2 

2 

' 120 
5J125 



3123 
10 133 



(157) Fr'm Albany to 
New York. 



Overslaugh 

Castleton 

Coeymans 

New Baltimore... 

Kinderhouk 

Coxsackie 

Hudson 

Cattskill 

Saugerties 

Upper Red Hook, 
j Lower Red flook. 

iRhinebeck 

iPelham 

9 I Hyde Park 

15 jl'oUGHKEEPSIE.. 

19!iMiiton 

25 [New Hamburgh.. 

29:Newburgh 

35!JCornwall 

39 iK^.ld Spring 

42 i West Point 

45|)(;aldwell's L'd'g. 
oljjVerplanck's Ft. .. 

55jjSingSing 

57] Tarry town 

60j Piermont 

64 liDobb's Ferry 



Sloansville 

Hoot 

Spraker's Basin , 
Canajoharie ., 



(159) Fr'm Cattskill 
to Ithaca. 



, To Leeds 

Cairo 

iAcra 

Is. Durham 

'Union Society.. 

I Windham 

IScienceville 

Prattsville 

Mooresville 

I Stamford 

iHobart 

.^. Kortwrigbt.. 

Bloomville 

Delhi. 



47 
51 
55 

60 
67 
74 
81 
90 
91 
96 
103 

no 

113 
119 
122 
126 
1.30 
33 
144 
150 
153 
162 

(160) F'm Newburgh 
TO Goshen. 



3 

12 W. Meredith. 

Franklin , 

Sidney 

; Unadilla 

j Sidney Plains , 

' Bainbridge 

|Coventryvill ., 

Coventry 

I Greene 

■Geneganslet.. . 
iTriangle 

Whitney's Poi 
'Lisle 

Richford 

I Caroline 

Slatersville... . 

Ithaca 



To New Windsor 
Salisbury Mills... 

118j Blooming Grove.. 

121 Hamptonburg 

2123IIG0SHEN 



' 9 
2 11 
5 16 
4 20 



76 



ROUTES IN NEW YORK. 



C161) F'm Nevvburgh 
TO Barcelona, 
(Lake Erie.) 
To Coldeiiham 
Montgomery . . 

Bullville 

Bloomingburg 
Barcelona— 
CseeNo.l31)...34a 



372 

(162) F'm Amsterdam 
to northvillk. 

To Perth 

Broadalbin 

Union Mills 

Northampton 

Osborne's Bridge. 
Northville 



From Fonda toI 
Johnstown ...| 



(163) From Little 
Falls to Trenton. 



To Eatonville... 

Fairfield 

Middleville 

Newport 

Poland 

Russia 

Trenton Falls . . . 
Trenton 



(164) From Utica to 
Sackett's Harbor. 



To S. Trenton . . . 

Trenton 

Remsen 

Booneville 

Leyden 

Turin 

Houseville 

Martinsburg 

Lowviile 

Stow's Square . . . 

Denmark 

Champion 

Rutland 

Watertown 

Brownville 

Sackett's Har. 
bor 



Heuveltnn I 81 11911 (170) F'm Watertowx 

Ogdknsburg — I 7|126| to Cape Vinuent. j 

(166) From Rome to J",^;^^"*;^;";; 

Chaumont 

I 10 iThree-mileBiiy 
9 19 Cape Vincent .. 



Turin. 



To W.Branch.. 

W. Leyden 

Constablesville.. 
Turin— 
(see No. 164) . . 



(165) From Utica to 
Ogdensburg, 
Via Denmark. 



To Denmark — 
(see No. 164) . 

Carthage 

VVilna ! 5 

Antwerp 12 

Somerville .... 
(iouverneur . . . 

Richville 

DeKalb 



(171) F'm Sackett's 
Harbor to Pier- 
pont's Manor. 
(167) From Rome to To Smithville ..., 



Oswego. 

To McConnells- 

ville 

Camden 

W. Camden 

Wiliiarnstown ... 

Union Square 

Mexico 

New Haven 

Scriba 

Oswego 



Belleville i 6 

tEllisburg 4 

J4 iPierpont's Manor.l 3 

I*. (172) F'm Syracuse to ^ 
fSi: Oswego. 



45! ToSalina 
49 1 Liverpool 
54 1 Clay.. 



(168) F'm Syracuse to 
Ogdensburg, 



Via Watertown. 



To Salina 

Cicero 

Brevverton 

Central Square... 

Hastings 

Colosse 

Union Square .... 

Richland 

Sandy Creek 

Mannsville , 

Adams 

Appling 

Watertown .. 

Evans's Mills 

Philadelphia 

Antwerp 

Oxbow 

Rossie 

Hammond 

M<jrristovvn 

Ogdensburg..., 



Fulton ... 
Oswego . 



(173) Fr'm Oswego to 

Rochester. 
To N. Sterling 
Little Sodus.. 

Red Creek 

IWolcott 

i Huron 

I Port Glasgow 

Alton 

I Sodus 

i Williamson .. 

Ontario 

Webster 

[Rochester . 



(174) F'm Oswego t<>4 
79 jl Ogdensburg, i 
86 ij Via Kingston, Canada.^ 
99 1| Steamboat. ' 

lOe! To Sackett's Har- 

112 bor 

122r Kingston, Canada < 
1331 French Creek .. 
Alexandria. 



F'm Ogdensburg I Brockville, Can. . 



TO Plattsburg. 



To Lisbon 

Waddington 

Madrid 

'Norfolk 

IMassena 

Racket River 

Hogansbtirg 

Fort Covington .. 

W. Constable 

E. Constable 

Cliateaugay 

Ellenburg 

iPLATTSBURGH... 



Morristown. 
Ogdensburg. 



(175) Fr'm Oswego TO' 
Lewiston. ) 

Steamboat. 



18 

27 

35 

461 

52 To Sodus Bay.... 

60 Pultneyville 

68 1 Genesee River 

73 Oak Orchard C'k 

80| Olcott 

92 Fort Niagara 

105| Youngstown 

132liLKWlST0N 



12 30 
30 60 
401100 ' 
20120- 
18 138 < 
1139* 
6!l4oi 



ROUTES IN NEW YORK. 



77 



(176) From Palatine 
Bridge to Bingham- 

TON, 

Via Cooperstown, 

To Canajoharie . . 

Buel 

Cherry Valley 

Cooperstown 

HartwickSemin'y 

Milford 

Colliersville 

BiNGHAMTON— 

(see No. 15ti) . . . 



(177) From Utica to 

BiNGHAMTON. 



To W.Hartford.. 

Paris 

Waterville 

Madison 

Bouckville 

Hamilton 

Earleville 

Sherburne 

N. Norwich 

Norwich 

Oxf. r,l 

S. Oxford 

Greene 

C'henangro Forks.. 

BiNGHAMTON 



(180) From Utica to 

Cooperstown 
To Frankfort Hill 

Litchtield 

Columbia 

Richfield Springs. 

Oakville 

Cooperstown .. 



(178) From Utica to 

Ithaca, 
Via Cortland Village. 

To New Hartford. 

Clinton 

Deansville 

Oriskany Falls ... 

Madison 

Bouckville 

Eaton 

Erieville 

New Woodstock. 

De lluyter 

Cuyler 

Truxton 

Hoiner 

Cortland Vil- 
lage. 

McLean 

Dryden 

Ithaca 



(179) From Ithaca TO 
Bainbridge. 



(181) From Coopers 
TOWN TO Ithaca. 

To Burlington j 

Edmeston 6 

Sherburne 15 

Otselic 15 

De Ruyter I 9 

Ithaca— I 

(see No. 178) ...143 

(182) From Railroad 
Depot to N. Wood- 
stock. 

To Chittenango . 

Cazenovia 

New Woodstock 
(see No. 178) .. 



16 

(183) F'm Syracuse TO 

Jthaca, 
Via Cortland Village. 

To Onondaga Hol- 
low 

Cardiff 

Tully 

Homer 

Cortland 

Ithaca 

(see No. 178) . . . 



(184) F'm Syracuse to 
Skaneateles. 

ToGeddes 

"^oiCamilius 

^ijElbridge.... . 

^j|hk;ineateles June, 
43 [Skaneateles ... 

53J(185) Fr'mAuburnto 
58; Ithaca. 



liTo Fleming.... 

ijThe Square 

' Sciiiioville 

j Poplar Ridge... 
j Ledyard 

King's Ferry ... 

Eansingville ... 

Ludlowville.. .. 

Ithaca 



To Sauquoit 

Paris Furnace... 

Bridgewater 

VV. Edn)eston... 

New Berlin 

Mt. Upton 

Bainbridge 



3i 29 
10: 39 



(186) Fr'm Auburn to 
Oswego. 

Tn Sennet ] 5 

Weedsport 3 8 

Cato 8 16 

Ira I 6l 22 



Hannibal 

Kinney's Corners.! 
Oswego I 8| 41 

(187) From Geneva to 
Ithaca. 



To W. Fayette. . 

Ovid 

Farmersville . . . . 
Trumansburg ... 
Ithaca 



(188) From Geneva TO 

Elmira & Corning. 

Steamboats on Seneca 

hake. 

To Salubria* . 
Stage. 

Havanna 

Millport 

Fairport 

Elmira 



42 



* ToSalubria....! 1 39 

W. Catlin I 9 48 

Hornby ! 5 53 

Corning 81 61 

(189) From Geneva TO 
Bath. 

To Benton 

Penn Yan 

Barrington 

Wayne 

Urbanna 

Cold Spring Mills 
Bath 



(190) From Geneva to 
Conhocton. 



ToGorham 

Rushville 

Middlesex 

Naples 

N. Conhocton. 
Conhocton .. 



(191) From Geneva to 
Oswego. 

To Junius 

Marengo 

Clyde 

Kose 

Wolcott 

Oswego— 
(see No. 173) ... 25 



11 

14 
19 
24 
31 

56 

(192) F'm Canandaigua 

TO Erie, Pa. 

Via G en eseo, Franklin- 

ville, (S- Jamestown. 

To Bristol I I 8 

Allen's Hill 5 13 

W. Richmond....! Sl 16 



78 



ROUTES IX NEW YORK. 



Livonia 

Lakevilie 

Geneseo 

Moscow 

Perry 

Castile 

E. Pike 

Pike 

Centrevilie 

Fuirview 

Fiirrnersville 

Fninklinville 

Ellicottsville 

Little Valley 

Napoli 

Rundolph 

Waterboro' 

Levant 

Jamestown 

Harmony | 8137 

Panama i 6il43 

Clynier 101153 

Wattsburg, Pa... lOltJS 
Erie llsllSl 

C193) F'm Rochester 
TO Glean 



100 

5!ll3 

61119 

51124 

129 



To Henrietta.. 

Rush 

Avon 

S. Avon 

Geneseo 

Mt. Morris — 
15 rook's Grove 
Nunda Valley . 

(Jrove 

Allen 

Angelica 

HobbieviUe ... 
Friendship — 

Cuba 

Hinsdale 

Olean 



Middleport I 31 4611 Sheldon .... 

Reynold's Basin.. 3 491 Johnsonburg 
LocKPORT I 9! SSjjOrangeville. 

Lockport and Miagara 1 1 Po—"^ 

|j Perry 



Falls RR. 



Pekin 

Junction Lewis- 
ton RR.* 

Niagara Falls. 



^Oi Geneseo 



7(5 i (201) F'm Buffalo to 
fio 1 Olean. 



» „ ., „ , .. To Hamburg. 
* 3 miles from Junction g^,g[y,, 
to Lewiston. ^ 



Springtield .... 

Rochester to Lew- 1 I IjAshford 

iston I I 79! Ellicottsville 11 

i Great Valley 7 

From Rochester to chapelsburg... 

Lockport. , Burton 8 71 

On the north road. I 164IOlean 4 75 

(202) F'm Buffalo to 
Erie, Pa. 



(196) F'm Rochester 
TO Charlotte. 



To Hanford's 

Landing ... 

Charlotte .... 



4l 7 



(197) F'M Batavia TOii^''y'"S;,- 
Lockport. ! »Mver l.i 



To Hamburg (on 

the Lake) 

E. Evans 

Evans 



Creek... 

Slieriden 

ToOakfield I 8 Fredonia . .. . 

Alabama 6; 14 yaleni ?< Roads 

Royalton 9 23 Portland 

Lockport 91 32, Westtield 

Il Ripley 

(198) F'm Batavia to jNorthville, Pu. 



buffalo. 
To E. Pembroke 
Pembroke 

^j[Nevv.st€ad 

'"jl Clarence 

/OiWilliamsville ... 

83 Eiysville 



(194) F'm Rochester 

TO Moscow. 
ToO'Connellsville 

Scotsville 

V^^heatland 

Caledonia 

York 

Greigsville 

Moscow^ 



(195) F'm Rochester 
TO NiAGAR.*. Falls, 
Via Lockport. 
To Adam's Basin, 

Brockport 

Holley 

Halburton 

Albion 

Knowlesviile 

Medina 

Shelby Basin 



Buffalo 

(199) F'm Buffalo to 



I Northeast 
7 Harbor Creek ....| 5i 83 

iq'IWestleyville 4i 87 

17 Erie ! 4191 

21! (203) F'm Buffalo to 
29 j Chicago, 

§1 ' Via Cleveland, Detroit, 
'*°il and J\Jackinac. 



Strambuat. 



YouNosTOWN, I To Dunkirk.... 
Via Niagara Falls. \ \ ^'X,"§;^; •::;;: 
Buffalo and Xiagara Coniieaut. 6hi( 

Falls RR. I Ashtabnla 

To Black Rock .. I 1 3 Grand River... . 

Tonawanda i 8 11 Clevelanp. . . . 

Niagara Falls. Ill] 22 Black River.... 

Lockport and J^Tiagara gmidusky.... ..'. 

Detroit, Micl 
Fort Gratiot 



Falls RR 
To Junction Lew 

iston RR 

Lewiston 

Stage. 

YOUNGSTOWN .. 



28 Point auBarqne 
31 Thunder Baylsl 

iPresquelsle 

37 Mackinac 

, „ „. „ IVlanitou Island. 

(200) F'm Buffalo to Milwaukie, 

Geneseo. [ Wis 

ToE. Hamburg..! I 12 Racine 

Willink 6 IBiiSonthport ... 

Wales 1 6l 24I1Chicago. 111. . . 



45 

61 
91 
121 

135 
165 
195 

222 
242 
252 
327 
399 
474 
549 
629 
694 
797 

947 
972: 
985 
1043; 



ROUTES IN NEW YORK. 



79 



(204) F'mPlattsburg 
TO Ogdensburg. 

To Elleiibiirg. 
Chiiteaugay.. . 

Maloiie 

Bangor 

Dickinson 

Nicholville 

Hopliinville ... 

Parishville 

Potsdam 

(^antun 

Ogdensburg. 

(205) From Buffalo 
TO Albany. 

Attica S,' Buffalo Rail- 
road. 



] Auburn and Rochester 
Railroad. 

! Bristiton 

Pittsford 

Victor 

Canandaigiia 

C-hapinsville 

Short's Mills 

Clifton Springs... 

W. Vienna 

E. Vienna 

102' Oak's Corners 

18:i20! Geneva 

Waterloo 

Seneca Falls 

Cayuga Bridge... 
Auburn 



Chittenango , 

Canastota 

Wanipsville 

Oneida Depot 

Verona Centre . . , 

Rome 

Oriskany 

Whitesboro' 

Utica 



4' 
6198 



3204 

4f 

9217 



3l23I 



I 10 
10' 20 



til 31; 



To Lancaster 
Allien .. 
Darien.. 
Attica 

Tonaicanda Railroad. 
Alexander... 

Batavia 

Byron 

Bergen 

Churchville . 
Rochester 



Utica and Schenectady 
Railroad. 

Schuyler 

133 i Herkimer 7 246 

137 I Little Falls 

„ 142 St. Johnsville 10 

10152 P"-'"t'ne Church.. 3 

, ^ iFortPluin ' 

Auburn and i.vracMse j| Palatine Bridge . 



Railroad. 

Sennet 

Skaneateles June, 
Elbridge 

„ „,j Camillus 

I 3| Geddes 

^ ^fj!, Syracuse 



7 5H I Syracuse <$• Utica Rail- 



road. 
Maiilius 1101188 



Spraker's. 

Fonda 

Tribe's Hill.. 
Amsterdam . 
Cranesville.. 
Hoffman's... 
Schenectady. 

Mohawk and Hudson 

Railroad. 
Albany 1161325 



DESCRIPTION OF THE CENTRAL STATES, 

AND 

THE PRINCIPAL CITIES, TOWNS, WATERING- 
PLACES, &c. 







NEW JERSEY lies between 3[)° and 41° 24' N. 
lat.,and between 74° and 75'^ 29' W. Ion. It is 163 
miles long and 52 broad, containing 8,320 srjuare miles. 
; , Population in 1840, 373,306. 

^,j^ The northern part of the state is mountainous, being 
Cf/ y -^ r\''^f^^ crossed by a branch of the Alleghany ridge; the mid- 
'%r''^'{jll-)}^^ die portion is agreeal)ly diversified by hills and valleys, 
■.C'-*;y while the southern part is level, sandy, and mostly 

covered with pines and a scanty growth of slirub oaks. The northern and mid- 
dle portions of the state have a fertile soil. The Hudson and Delaware 
rivers flow on the eastern and western sides of this slate. The Raritan is 
navigable for sloops 17 miles to New Brunswick, and it enters Raritan 
bay; the Passaic, navigable for small vessels for about 15 miles, and 
enters into Newark bay; the Hackensack, navigable 15 miles, also enters 
Newark bay ; Great Egg Harbor river, navigable 20 miles for small craft, 
passes through a bay of the same name, and enters into the Atlantic. 
The principal bays are Newark and Raritan ; Delaware bay is on its 
southeastern border. It has two important capes, viz., Cape May, on 
Delaware bay, and Sandy Hook, at the entrance of the bay of New York. 
There are in this state two colleges, viz., the College of New Jersey, or 
Nassau Hall, founded in 1738, and Rutger's College, in New Bruns- 
wick, founded in 1770, with which is connected a Theological Seminary, 
established in 1784, by the Dutch Reformed Church. There are in the 
state about 70 academies and 1,250 common schools. 

The government is vested in a governor, senate, and general assembly. 
The senators are elected for three years, and the assemb'y are elected 
annually. The legislature meet annually on the second Tuesday in 
January. The governor is chosen for three years, and is ineligible for the 
same otBce for the ne.\t three years. He must have attained tiie age of 30 
years, and have resided seven years in the state, and been a citizen of the 
United States for 20 years. Every white male citizen of the United 
States of the age of 21 years, who shall have been a resident of the state 
one year, and of the county five months, shall be a legal voter. Judges of 
the Supreme Court, and the chancellor, are appointed by the governor anrf 
senate for a term of 7 years; the judges of the Court of Common Pleas, 
by the senate and assembly for five years. 




STATE OF NEW JERSEY. 81 

The first settlement of New Jersey, was by the Dutch iibout 1614. On 
the 19th of Dec, 1787, in convention, it adopted the constitution of the 
United States by a unanimous vote. 

Trenton, tlie capital of the state, is situated on the left bank of the 
Delaware, and at the head of steamboat navigation, and is 59 miles from 
New York. The city is regularly laid out, and has many handsome public 
and private buildings. It contains a state-house, 2 banks, the State library, 
state prison, a city-hall, a lyceum, 11 churches, 4 academies, and 6,000 in- 
habitants. Tlie town was first settled in 1720, and is memorable for the 
" Battle of Trenton." fought Dec. 25, 1776, when the enemy were routed 
by tlie forces under Washington. Cars leave twice dailii for JV. York, (fare 
$'2, ) for Pliiladelpkia, ( /nr e S 1 . 50. ) Stages leave 3 times a week for Man.-^JidiL 

Princkton, '•''■►■•"• "^o ■"'■lo^ f-"'vi Me"? Yo--^ -s pie"s""*'y s'*u»*o'^ a'>d 
neatly built. Population 2 100 It contduih 4 churches, a bank, and the 
buildings of the 
College of New 
Jersey. This in- 
Btitution was first 
incorporated in 
1746. JVassau 
Hall, the princi 
pal edifice, is 176 
feet long, 50 fett 

wide, and 4 stoi ics _ .,. . 

high. It has a prtsi lent ' 1- [r t r r ih r i tru Ur^ 2 183 
alumni, 263 students an 1 \.(M) \ Uimt > ii it lilririt^ it hi-, ako a 
valuable philosophical, astronomical, and chemical apparatus, a mm- 
eralogical cabinet, and a museum of natural history. The commence- 
ment is on the last Wednesday in September. The Princeton Theological 
Seminary of the Presbyterian Church, located here, has 5 professors, 120 
students, and 7,000 volumes in its libraries. Its buildings are commodious. 
Cars leave the Princeton depot twice daily for Philadelphia and for JVczo 
York. Stages leave daily for Long Branch, via Freehold. 

New Brunswick is situated on the right bank of the Raritan river, 
31 miles from New York. It contains a court-house, jail, eight churches, 
two banks, and 8,693 inhabitants. It is the seat of Rutger's College, 
founded in 1770, which has a president, 9 professors or other instructors, 
483 alumni, 85 students, and 1,200 volumes in its libraries. The com- 
mencement is on the fourth Wednesday in July. Connected with the 
college is a Theological Department, under the Dutch Reformed Church. 
Carsleave twice daihifor J^ew York, {fare 50 cts. ;) and for Philadelphia — 
stenmboats daily fur Mew York — stages 3 times a week for Enston, Pa. 

Rahway, situated on both sides of Rahway river, 5 miles from it3 
mouth, contains 5 churches, the Rahway Female Institute, an academy, 
a bank, several manufacturing establishments, and 4.500 inhabitants. 
Curs leave three times dnily for JVew York, and twice for Philadelphia. 

Elizabethtown, 5 miles from Newark, has a court-house, a bank, 5 
churches, 4 academies, and 2,.500 inhabitants. Cars leave several times 
daily for JVew York, and for Somerville. 

SoMERviLLE, ou the north side of Raritan river, is mostly built on one 
street, and contains a court-house, 3 churches, an academy, and about 
1,500 inhabitants. Cars leave daily for J^ew York via Elizabethport. 
Stages leave daily for Easton, Pa. 

4* 



82 



STATE OF NEW JERSEY. 




Newark is situated on the right bank of Passaic river, 3 miles from 

,"* <(k " ^t*VifiS9^^" •~-'^"^-" ''* entrance into 

Newark hay, and 
9 miles from New 
York. It contains 
a court-house, 3 
banks, 25 church- 
es, two libraries, 
two literary and 
scientific associa- 
tions. 6 academies, 

and 17,'2y0 nilial)it!ints. Two large public grounds, bordered with trees, 
add much to the beauty of the place. Tlie city is abundantly supplied 
with pure water from a fepruig two miles distant. Cars leave 9 tiines daily 
for JVew York, (fare 25 cts.) and twice fur Philadelphia, and also for 
MorristoiDU. Jl steambuat plies to J^ew York. 

Jersey City, opposite to the city of New York, is beautifully situated 
on the right bank of the Hudson, and contains 5 churches, several manu- 
factories, and about 4,000 inhabitants. The New Jersey railroad com- 
mences here, and in connection with other railroads extends to Camden, 
opposite Philadelphia. The Paterson and Hudson railroad extends to 
Paterson. The Morris canal also terminates here. In the war of the 
Revolution, Powles Hook (as the place was then called) was occupied as 
an outpost of the British army. It was surprised by Major Lee, on the 
night of the 18th of August, 1779, and 159 prisoners taken. Steamboats 
pit/ to JVew York every few minutes daily. 

HoBOKEN is one mile north from Jersey City. The village has a church 
and about 500 inhabitants. The grounds along the bank of the Hudson 
have been laid out in gravelled walks, and embowered with shrubbery for 
the distance of two miles, terminating at a beautiful lawn called the 
Elysian Fields. Hoboken is much frequented in summer. Steamboats 
ply every few mimites daily between it and the city of JVew York, at three 
different ferries. 

Paterson is situated on the right bank of the Passaic river, at the falls. 
It contains a court-house, 14 churches, two banks, a philosophical society 
with a library, an academy, several extensive cotton and other manu- 
factories, and about 9,000 inhabitants. The river has here a perpen- 
dicular descent of 70 feet, wiiich was formerly a very picturesque and in- 
teresting cascade ; the effect however has been much diminished, by the 
waters having been drawn oft" from the river above in race-ways, to 
propel machinery. Cars arrive and deport twice daily for JVew York. 
Stages leave 3 times a week for Milford, Pa. 

Hackensack, situated on the right bank of Hackensack river, 14 miles 
from New York, contains a court-house, four churches, 2 a^ctidemies, 2 
seminaries, and 1,, 500 inhabitants. Stages leave dnily for JVew York. 

AcQUACKANONCK, 12 miles from N. Y., has 3 churches, an academy, and 
500 inhabitants. Blachley's JWineral Spring is li miles from the village. 
MoRRisTowN, situated on an elevated plain, 22 miles from Newark, is 
laid out in streets crossing each other at right angles, with a square in 
the centre of the village. It contains a court-house, two banks, five 
churches, an academy, and about 2,000 inhabitants. Morristown was at 
two different periods the head-quarters of the American army during the 
Revolution. Cars leave daily for JVew York. Stages leave 3 times a 
week for J^Iilford, and also for Easton, Pa., via Schoolci/'s JMountain. 




STATE OF NEW JERSEY. 83 

,^,, \i ".^a^ Schooley^s Jilojintain is eighteen miles from 

«a^j^ssS^f i tor^®e ^ Morristovvn. The Mineral Spring, vliich is oa 
R^'Vfl^ ',;^,'-^i^^^M^\ tlie western declivity of the eminence, in a deep 
.-lA." t M*^^ v5-i ^C*5^iP^C!.:i-a iit-iiie, contains muriate of soda, muriate of lime, 
muriate of mngnesia, sulphate of lime, car- 
bonate of magiiesia, silex, and carbonated oxydc 
of iron. The pure air and the picturesque sce- 
nery of this region render it a healthful and 
plea^ant place of summer resort. 
South Amuoy is situated on the right bank of the Karitan river, at its 
entrance into Raritan b'ly. The village has an academy and about twenty- 
five dwellings. Here comimnces the Camden and Amboy railroad. 
(See route '207.) Amboy, on the north side of the river, contains four 
churches, two academies, several manufacturing establishments, and about 
one thousand tive hundred inhiihitants. Steamboats ply daily to .Kcw York. 
FrekhoLD, built upon a plain a little elevated above the surrounding 
country, has a court-house, 5 churches, two academies, and about 600 
inhabitants. Tiiis village will ever be memorable in American history 
as the scene of one of the most sanguinary battles of tiie Revolution, 
fought June 28, 1778. Long Brunch on the sea-shore, 18 miles east from 
Freehold, is a popular watering-place, much frequented. Sicamboats ply 
daily to J^Tcio York, and a Hue of stages run to Philadelphia. 

BoRDENTOVVN is Oil the left bank of the Delaware river, at the head of 
steamboat navigation. This village is situated on the brow of a hill, and 
aflbrds a magnificent view of the river and surrounding country. It 
contains 4 churches, a female seminary, and about 1,800 inhabitants. 
Cars pass through daily for J^ew York and Philadelphia. 

Burlington, pleasantly situated on the left bank of the Delaware, 19 
miles from Philadelphia, contains a city-hall, an arsenal, a lyceum, an 
hospital, a bank, 7 churches, a public library, two seminaries, and 
3,-00 inhabitants. Carspass daily from JSTew York and from Philadelphia. 
Mount Holly is situated at the foot of an eminence of the same name 
on the Rancocus creek, 7 miles from Burlington. It contain a court-house, 
7 churches, a bank, a seminary, several extensive mnnufactories, and 2,000 
inhabitants. Stages Icaiie daily for Burlington n^id for Runlintown. 

Cape Island, near Cape May, 85 miles from " ^^ 

Philadelphia, is a favorite watering-place. "°^ 

There are here several hotels and boarding j=l.=- .. ^ "^ '_ -Tn™^ Wf 
houses. In the summer months this island is >^^^^^^*^,'5 C"^-^"^^ 
thronged with visitors, for the purpose of en ^^^^^^^^^y^$^ 
joying the luxury of sea-bathing. Ji steam 
boat {in snmmer) plies daily to Philadelphia ' "^S^^SSJ***^?"**^' j-^^w^. 

Camden, on the Delaware, opposite the city ot I'hil idt iphia, is the 
starting point of the cars for New York on the Camden and Amboy rail- 
road, and is connected with Philadelpliia by several ferries. It contains a 
bank, 5 churches, several extensive manufacturing establishment.s, and 
about 4.000 inhabitants. Cars leave daily for J^Tew York, (fare $3.) 
Stages leave daily for Cape Island via Woodbury, Salem, Bridgeton, S,c. 
Woodbury, 9 miles from Philadelphia, is pleasantly situated on Wood- 
bury creek, and has a court-house, 3 churches, an academy, two public 
libraries, and about 1 ,000 inhabitants. 

Salem, situated on a stream of the same name, is 34 miles from Phila- 
delphia. It has a court-house, 8 churches, a bank, two public libraries, a 
lyceum, an academy, and about 2,200 inhabitants. 



84 



STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA. 




and 42Q 
N lat , and bet\\ een 74'^ mid 80° 40' W. Ion It is 307 
miles long and 160 broad, containing 46,000 square 
miles. The population in 1840, was 1,724,033. 

The Alleghany Mountains cross the state from SW. 
' to NE., and there are many smaller ranges on each 
bide of the principal ridge and parallel to it. The 
, southeastern and northwestern parts of the state are 
either level or moderately hilly. The soil is generally 
good, and much of it is of a superior quality ; the best 
land in the southeait is on both sides of the Susque- 
hanna. Between the head waters of the Alleghany 
and Lake Erie, the soil is very fertile. The antiiracite 
coal region is immense. The Mauch Chunk, Schuylkill, and l>yken's 
Valley coal-field extends from the Lehigh river, across the head waters of 
the Schuylkill, and is 65 miles in length, with an average breadth of 
about 5 miles. The Lackawanna coal-field extends from Carbondale, 
on tlie Lackawannack, to ten miles below VVilkesbarre, on the Sus- 
quehanna. The Shamokin field has been less explored. 

The Delaware river washes the entire eastern border of the state, and 
is navigable for ships to Philadelphia. The Lehigh, after a course of 75 
miles, enters it at Easton. The Schuylkill, 130 miles long, unites with it 
•6 miles below Philadelphia. The Susquehanna is a large river, which 
rises in New York, flows south through this state, and enters the Chesa- 
peake bay, in Maryland. It is much obstructed by falls and rapids. The 
Juniata rises among the Alleghany Mountains, and after a course of 180 
miles, enters the Susquehanna 11 miles above Harrisburg. The Alle- 
ghany river, 400 miles long from the north, and the Monongahela, 300 
miles long, unite at Pittsburg, and form the Ohio. The Youghiogeny is 
a small river which flows into the Monongahela. 

The governor is chosen by the people for three years, but cannot 
hold the office more than 6 years in 9. He must be 30 years of age, and 
have resided in the state for seven years. The sentite consists of 33 
members, elected by the people for three years, one third being chosen 
annually. A member must be 25 years of age, and have resided four 
years in the state, and the last year in the district in which he is chosen. 
The house of representatives consists of 100 members, elected annually 
by the people. A member must be 21 years of age, have resided in the 
state three years next preceding his election, and the last year in the dis- 
trict for which he is chosen. All judicial ofiicers are appointed by the 
governor, with the advice and consent of the senate. The judges of the 
Supreme Court hold their offices for 15 years; those of the Court of 
Common Picas hold theirs for 10 years ; and the associate judges of the 



STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA. 85 

Court of Common Pleas hold theirs for five years. The secretary of state 
is appointed by the governor, and holds office during his pleasure. The 
treasurer is elected annually by the joint-ballot of both houses of the 
legislature. Every white male citizen of the age of 21 years, who has re- 
sided in the state for one year next preceding an election, and ten days in 
the district where he offers his vote, and has paid a state or county tax, 
enjoys the right of suffrage. The legislature meets annually at Harrisburg 
on the first Tuesday in January. 

The principal literary institutions are — the University of Pennsylvania, 
at Philadelphia ; Girard College, do. ; Dickenson College, Carlisle ; Jeffer- 
son College, Cannonsburg ; VVashington ('ollege, Washington ; Alleghany 
College, Meadville ; Pennsylvania College. Gettysburg ; Lafayette College, 
Easton ; Marshall College, IMercersburg. Besides these, there are the 
Medical Department of the University of Pennsylvania, at Philadelphia ; 
Jefferson Medical College, do. ; Medical Department of Pennsylvania 
College, do. ; Theological Seminary of the Lutheran Church, Gettysburg; 
German Reformed, York ; and the Western Theological Seminary, at 
Pittsburg. There are about 300 academies and 5,000 common schools. 

This state was first settled by the Swedes and Finns. William Penn ob- 
tained a grant of it in 168L The constitution of the United States was 
adopted in convention, Dec. 13th, 1787, yeas 46, nays 23. 



^^^^^^^^^^^^^_j^ "- Pini.ArEi.PHiA, the metropolis of the 

^^^^^^^^^^S^^^^^s^H&si state, and the second city in the Union 
in population and in manufactures, is in lat. 39" 57' 9" N.. and Ion. 75" 
10' 37" W., 137 miles from Washington, and 88 from New York. Popu- 
lation in 1840, 228,691. It is situated between the Delaware and Schuyl- 
kill rivers, 5 miles above their junction, and extends from one to the 
other. The rivers bounding it lie about two miles apart, in the narrowest 
place. The city is 120 miles distant from the ocean by the course of the 
Delaware. Its principal harbor is on the east, or Delaware river side, 
where ships come up, and its foreign commerce centres. Philadelphia 
has an extensive foreign, and a still greater domestic trade ; by means of 
railroads and canals, it possesses facilities for commtmication with a great 
extent of country, and shares with New York and Baltimore in the trade 
of the great VVest. There is an air of great neatness, and of almost 
peculiar cleanliness about this city ; but the extreme regularity of the 
streets is tiresome. It was laid out in 1682, by Thomas Holme, the 
first surveyor-general of the province. The ground selected was claimed 
by three Swedes by the name of Swenson. who held a title for it, obtained 
of the Dutch governor of N. Y., in 1664. This claim was purchased by Penn. 
The public buildings, which are generally constructed of white marble, 
are among the most elegant in the United States. The Custom-house, of 
white marble, built on the model of the Parthenon — the Pennsylvania 
Bank— the Mint of the United States — the Exchange, with Corinthian 
columns, and comprising a spacious hall and newsroom, the post office, 
&c.— the Girard Bank— Girard College — Masonic Hall, &c., are the public 



86 



STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA. 




buildings most remarkable for beauty ; but the most interesting, from its 
venerable appearance and hititorical associations, is the Old Utate-house, 

or Independence Hall. It 
fronts on Chesnut-street, hav- 
ing Independence stiuare in 
its rear. It was finished in 
1735. The wings, extending 
from it to Fifth and Sixth 
streets, are modern. In 1774 
most of the wood-work of the 
old steeple was taken down, 
being much decayed, leav- 
ing only a small belfry to 
cover the town cKx k TIk b( ll tor the first steeple was imported 
from England ni 17.")J, but ^\a^ bioken by accident when lirst put 
up. A new one was cast in Philadelphia, under the direction of Isaac 
Norris, then speaker of the Colonial Assembly, who caused to be in- 
scribed on it this passage from Leviticus xxv. 10, as if prophetic of its 
future use, "Proclaim Liberty thronghout this land, tinin all the in- 
habitants thereof." Accordingly its joyous tones first proclaimed to 
anxious thousands the declaration of American independence. The 
chamber in wiiich the Declaration was signed is on the first floor, at the 
eastern end of the old building, and presents the same appearance that it 
did at the time that instrument was signed. 

There are in the city 150 churches, many of them fine specimens of 
architecture. The benevolent and charitable institutions are very numer- 
ous. One of the oldest and most respectable is Pennsijlvavia Hospital, 
founded in 1751. Its buildings are on the space bounded by Eight, Ninth, 
Spruce, and Pine streets. Between the street and the building is a colossal 
statue, in bronze, of William Penn. The Hospital contains a fine an- 
atomical museum and a medical library. The Insane .Asylum, a branch 
of the Hospital, is about two miles west of the Schuylkill. The United 
States Marine Hospital or J^aval ..fJsylum is an elegant building on the 
east bank of the Schuylkill, below Cedar-street. It is intended for invalid 
seamen. The Mmshouse is on the west side of the Schuylkill river. The 
Pennsylvania Institution for the Deaf and Dumb is at the corner of 
Broad and Pine streets. The Pennsylvania Institution for the Instruction 
of the Blind is in Race-street, near Schuylkill Third-street. Besides 
these there may be mentioned, the Orphan's Asylum, the Asylum for 
Indigent Widows and Single Women, Wills' Hospital for the Lame and 
Bhnd, Preston Retreat, the Magdalene Asylum, Colored Orphan Asylum, 
St. John's Orphan Asylum, Christ's Church Hospital, Friends' Alma- 
house, Friends' Lunatic Asylum, two dispensaries, &c. 

Among the literary institutions, the University of Pennsylvania is one 
of the oldest and most considerable ; having been founded as a charity 
school in 1751, it was made a college in 1755, and a university in 1779. 
It has three departments, the Academical, Collegiate, and Medical. Here 
instruction is given in the usual branches taught in other colleges and uni- 
versities, and the usual degrees are conferred. It has a president and 1*3 
profcHsors, 1,053 alumni, 120 students, and 5,000 volumes in its libraries, 
and possesses the most extensive anatomical museum in the Union, a 
cabinet of natural history, and an excellent chemical and pliilosophicnl 
apparatus. Its buildings are in Ninth-street, between Chesiint and Market 
streets. The Medical Department of the University has 8 professors. 



STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA. 



87 



446 students, and 4,443 graduates. The lectures commence on the first 
Monday in November. The Girard College fur Orphans, endowed by 
the late Stephen Girard with $2,000,000, was commenced on the 4th July. 
1833, and the great central temple, and the two buildings on the left side, 
are completed. No pupils have yet been admitted. Jefferson Medical 
College was founded in 1825, and has 7 professors, 409 students, and 880 
graduates. The lectures commence on the first Monday in November. 
Its hall is in Tenth, between Walnut and Chesnut streets. The Medical 
Department of Pennsylvania College was founded in 1839, and has 6 
professors, and GO students. Lectures commence on the first Monday iu 
November. The buildings are in Filbert street above Twelfth. 

The public schools of Philadelphia are numerous. At the head of 
these stands the High School. There is also a model school, which has 
a principal and ten professors. 

Among the scientific and literary institutions is the American Philosophi- 
cal Society, founded in 1743, principally through the exertions of Doctor 
Franklin. Its hall is in south Fifth-.street below Chesnut-street. It has 
a library of 15,000 volumes of rare books, and a collection of minerals, 
fossils, and ancient relics. The Franklm Institute was incorporated in 
1824, for the promotion of Manufactures and the Arts. It holds an an- 
nual fair, and possesses an e.xtensive library. The Academy of Natural 
Sciences has u spacious building in Broad-street, a library of 9,000 
volumes, and a cabinet of natural science. The Pennsylvania Academy 
of Fine Arts was founded in 1805. There is also the Artists' Fund So- 
ciety. The Philadelpliia Library, founded in 1731 by the influence of 
Doctor Franklin, has 50,000 volumes. To this has been added the Le- 
gonian Library of 11,000 volumes. The Mercantile Library, established in 
1822, has a collection of 8,000 volumes. The Atheneuni, incorporated in 
1815, contains the papers and periodicals of the day, and several thousand 
volumes. The Apprentices' Library, established in 1819, has 14,000 
volumes. — Tiie United States Mint was founded in 1790, and commenced 
operations in 1793, in the building now occupied by the Apprentices' 
Library. Coining commenced in the present building in Chesnut-street in 
1830. This edifice is of white marble ; the south front is 123 feet long, with 
a portico 60 feet long, of six Ionic columns. 

There are in the city 14 banks, 20 insurance companies, and several 
theatres. The Philadelphia Museum, founded by Mr. Peale in 1784, is 
one of the best in the country. There are several very extensive markets. 
The United States Navy Yard, at the southern end of Swanson-street, 
has an enclosed area of about 12 acres. The public squares of the city 
are numerous, elegant, and cjiparious. 

The Fairmont JVn 
kill, two miles frtu 
the centre of the c\U 
The process by wliic 
the city is supplitu 
with water is by mean- 
of a dam thrown acro»- 
the Schuylkill; tlu^ 
water-power thus crea-b 

ted acts on six large whoeU, whirli keep in operation siv forcmg-pumps. 
to raise the water from the puol of the dam, 92 feet to the si.\ reservoirs 
on the summit of the hill. These reservoirs, which are 100 feet above 
the tide-level, are capable of containing 22 miJlions of gallons. From tho 




88 STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA. 

reservoirs the water is distributed throughout the city by iron pipes, the 
aggregate length of whicli is about 110 miles. On the summit and slopes 
of the hill, neat gravel walks and staircases are arranged ; and at the | ' 
base of the precipice, in spaces not occupied by machinery, a garden has 
been laid out, tastefully decorated with flowers, shrubbery, statues, aiid 
fountains. From the summit a magnificent prospect is enjoyed of the 
city, the Schuylkill, and the romantic scenery of its valley. The Laurel 
Hill Cemetery, on the bunks of the Schuylkill, is 4 miles north of the city. \ 
Nature seems to have lavished every variety of beauty and grandeur on j 
this secluded spot; the grounds are laid out with serpentine gravelled j 
walks, and the whole is shaded by ancient forest and ornamental trees. 
At the entrance is a splendid colonnade, and just within the gate, in a 
small structure erected expressly for it, is an admirable group of statuary 
by Thom, representing Sir Walter Scott conversing with Old Mortality. 
Cars leave 3 times daily for JVew York, {fare $'.i to 4 ;) aiid also for I 
Harrisbarg, {fare $4 ;) for Baltimore twice daily, {fare $3 ;) for Potts 
ville daily, (/are $3.50 ;)/(>r Washiiigton.$A.m\ fur fVhceling, ^i; for \ 
Pittsburg, ^V3; for Pittsburg via Harrisburg, SI I. Steamboats leave 
daily for B urlington and Bristol; and also for JVilmingtun, Del., J^Tew 
Castle ; and for Red Bank, Cape Island, (S-c, J\^. J. Stages leave daily 
for Easton, Wilkesbarre, <S-c. ; three times a week for Port Deposit, 
Md.,andalsoforFlemington,J\r.J. (See page 83.) jj 

Lancaster is situated near the right bankof Conestoga creek, 71 miles ij 
from Philadelphia. The city contains a court-house, 12 churches, an j 
academy, a female seminary, a Lancasterian school, 2 public libraries, j 
a theatre, a Mechanics' Institute, a reading-room, and 8,500 inhabitants, i 
Franklin College, once located here, has been discontinued, being at present 
a mere grammar-school. The style of many of the houses is antiquated, 
retaining the character of the olden time. The city is well supplied with 
pure water. Cars pass daily for Philadelphia and for Harrisburg. 

Harrisburg, the capital of the state, is on the left bank of the Susque- | 
hanna, lOG niile- from Philadr Iphifi. Its situation is commanding, and 
1- from it is obtained a view of 

the river and the picturesque 
\l\x] Oarrier of the Kittatinny 

Mountains, broken through 
, by the river at the north. 
State House occupies 
levaled situation ; the 
<^'&' ' > <>^ '?? ' a>.^-= mam building is 180 feet front 
_ _^*j_ ^ •^,ii||77TiirmH 'jy 8'^ feet deep, and con 

\:^J^^^^ i^'i^^^'~^^^'^£S=^^ uuns the hall of representa 
lives, the scn.iU (luunber, ■^tatt hbr.irj ot over 4,000 volumes, &-c. The 
other public edifices are — tlie court-house, the prison, the, arsenal, 8 
market, a Masonic-hall, an academy, two banks, and 10 churches. There 
are two elegant bridges thrown across the river, and the Mount Airy 
Water-works supply the city with water. Population in 1840, 6,002- 
1845, 8,0li0. Cars leave 3 times daily for Philadelphia, 'fare $4,) and 
daily for Chambersburg. Stages leave dailii for Pittsburg, {fare $7 ;) 
for JVorthumberland, and also for Baltimore, via York. 

Carlisle, situated in the Cumberland valley, 18 miles from Harrisburg, 
is an ancient and flourishing place. It contains a court-house, a town- 
hall, the buildings of Dickinson College, 11 churches, a bank, and 4,500 
inhabitants. Dickinson College, under the direction of tlie Methodists, 







STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA. 



89 



was founded in ]783. It has a president and 7 professors, 561 alumni, 178 
students, tind 12,000 volumes in its libraries, and a very complete chemi- 
cal and pliiiosophical apparatus and mineralogical cabinet. Tlie com- 
mencement is on the second Thursday in July. The United States Bar- 
racks, lialf a mile from the village, were built in 1777, chiefly by the 
labor of the Hessians captured at Trenton. A school of cavalry practice 
has recently been established there. Tlie barracks will garribou 2,000 
men. Cars pass through dailii for Harrisbarg, and for Chaiiibersburg. 
Stages leave d'lili/ in summer for Carlisle Springs. 

Carlisle Sulphur Springs are situated four miles north of the village, 
in a secluded valley, surrounded with the beautiful scenery of the Blue 
Mountains. The grounds are tastefully laid out, and there are ample 
acconmiodations for visitors. 

Chambersburg is at the confluence of Falling Spring and Ooneco- 
cheague creeks, and contains a court-house, a bank, a ftlasonic-hal), 8 
churches, an academy, and 3,300 inhabitants. In the village and its 
vicinity are several extensive mills and manufactories. Cars leave daily 
for Harrisbarg. Stages leave daily for Pittsburg, and 3 times a week for 
Baltimore. 

Bedford, on the Pittsburg turnpike, is 206 miles from Philadelphia. It 
is on a branch of Juniata river, and cont uns 
five churches, an academy, a seminary, an 
elegant court-house, and 1,100 inhabitants. — 
The Bedford Springs are situated about \\ 
miles south of the village, in a narrow, pic 
turesque valley. There are 6 springs, \i/ . 
Anderson's, Fletcher's, Limestone, Sweet, Sul ' 
phur, and the Chalybeate springs. These ' 
waters possess laxative and sudorific pow(r^, 
and have been found etficacious in removing 
chronic obstructions, dyspepsia, diseases of the liver, cutaneous eruptions, 
&c. Houses tor cold, shower, and warm baths, have been erected. — 
There is an artificial lake on which boats sail ; and the other attractions of 
this beautiful and romantic spot and vicinity, cannot fail to gratify the 
niObt fastidious Sta Iphia (See route 2i5 ) 




nCStiiJ a^ 



w 




PiiisBLRG llTmilc from Phil idflpiii I ir, -iiu itt d at t t, uifl lence of 
the Allf ^'liany and Monongahtla river- which by their union form the Ohio 
river. It is mostly built on a plain, with streets runnmg parallel to 
the Alleghany and Monongahela rivers. There are several fine bridges 
across the Alleghany, and one across the Monongaliela. The hills with 
which Pittsburg is surrounded are filled with bituminous coal, which 
affords great aid to its manufactories. The city contains a new and 
beautiful court-house, the buildings of the Western University, 4 banks. 
a nmseuni, a theatre, several literary societies with hbraries, 35 churches. 



90 STATE OF PEXNSi^LVANIA. 

many extensive liotels, and, with its suburbs, 40,000 inhabitants. The city 
is supplied with water from the Alleghany river. The water is raised by 
steam-power to a reservoir of a capacity to contain a million of gallons. 
The reservoir is 116 feet above the river, from which the water is dis- 
tributed over the city in iron pipes, having an aggregate length of 10 
miles. The Western University of Pennsylvania, founded in 1819, has a 
president and 4 professors, and 64 students. The Western Theological 
Seminary, founded in 1828, and located at Alleghany, on the north bank 
of the Alleghany river, has 3 professors, 54 students, and 6,000 volumes in 
its libraries. The Theological Seminary of the Associate Reformed 
Church, founded in 1826, has about 30 students, and possesses a valuable 
library. The Alleghany Theological Institute, founded in 1840, has a 
valuable library. The United States Arsenal is 2i miles east, on tiie banks 
of the Alleghany. Most of the extensive manufactories are not in the 
city proper, but scattered around within a circle of 5 miles radius : — the 
population within this range is over 50,000. Steamboats leave daily for 
J\''ew Orleans and the intermediate places. Fare to Wheeling, $1.50; 
Marietta, $2.50 ; Guyandotte, $3 ; Maysville, Ky., $3.50 ; Cincinnati, 
$5; Louisville, Ky., $6; SmitlUand, $8; Cairo, mouth of Ohio river, 
$9; St. Louis, Mo., $10; Memphis, Tenn., $15: Vicksburg, Miss., 
$25 ; JVew Orleans, $26. Steamboats , in connection with stages, leave for 
Cumberland ; thence by railroad to Baltimore, i^-c. Canal boats leave for 
Harrisburg daily. Stages leave daily for Erie ; for Cleveland, Ohio ; 
for Steubenville, Ohio ; for Itliccling ; and for Harrisburg, 

Cannonsburg, 18 nuU:H southwest frum Pittsburg, has 4 churches, and 

about 900 inhabitants. Jef- 
W - .v^- ferson College, founded in 

J* 1802, and located here, has 
^Si a president and 6 professors, 
693 alumni, 164 students, and 
4.500 volumes in its libraries. 
The commencement is on the 
i last Thursday in September. 
I It has a medical department 
'in Philadelphia. There is 
also at this place a Theological Seminary under the direction of the As- 
sociate Church. Stages arrive and depart daily for Pittsburg. 

Washington, 25 miles southwest from Pittsburg, on the National 
road, is pleasantly situated on high ground, and contains 9 churches, a 
court-house, an academy, a seminary, and 2,200 inhabitants. It is the 
seat of Washington College, founded in 1806, which has a president, 5 
professors, 224 alumni, 190 students, 3,300 volumes in its libraries, a cabinet of 
minerals, &c. The commencement is on the last Wednesdny in Septem- 
ber. Stages leave daily for Pittsburg, for Wheeling, and for Baltimore. 

Beaver, on the right bank of the Ohio river, 35 miles below Pittsburg, 
at the entrance of Beaver river, contains a court-house, 3 churches, an 
academy, and about 600 inhabitants. Steamboats pass daily from 
Pittsburg to Cincinnati, S-c. Stages leave daily fir Cleveland. 

Meadville is prettily situated on French creek, and has a court-house, 
7 churches, an academy, a state arsenal, and about 1,500 inhabitants. It 
is the seat of Alleghany College, founded in 18)5, and has a president, 4 
professors, 160 students, and 8,000 volumes in its libraries. Stages leave 
daily for Pittsburg and for Erie. 

Erik is beautifully situated upon a bluff, affording a prospect of 




STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA. 91 

Presque-Isle bay and the lake beyond. It has one of the best harbors on 
Lake Erie, and contains a court-house, a bank, 7 churches, an academy, 
a seminary, and about 3,500 inhabitants. Perry's fleet was built here, the 
vessels being finished in 70 days from the time the timber was felled ; and 
here he returned with his prizes after the battle. I'he remains of his flag- 
ship, the Lawrence, lie in the harbor, from which visiters are constantly 
cutting pieces as relics. On tlie high banks a little to the right of the 
village are the ruins of the old French fort, Presque-Isle. Steamboats 
leave for Buffa/o, for Cleveland, Detroit, <S,-c. Stages leave daily fur 
Buffalo, JV'. Y. ; for Cleveland, Ohio ; and for Pittsburg. 

York, 11 miles west of the Susquehanna, on Codorus creek, contains a 
court-house, a bank, an academy, 10 churches, several manufactories, 
and 5,000 inhabitants : it has also a lyceum, possessing a cabinet of min- 
erals, &c., and which sustains a course of lectures. Congress retired to this 
place from Philadelphia, at the time of the battle of Brandywine, Sep.. 
1777 ; and held their session for nine months in the old court-house. Cars 
leave daily for Philadelphia ; and also for Baltimore. Stages leave daily 
for Harrisburg, and 3 times a week for Ohambersburg See route 

York Sulphur Springs are situated twenty 
one miles south from Harrisburg, among >( e 
nery exceedingly picturesque and varied. Tiic i 
medical properties of the waters have heenj 
highly extolled, particularly for their eflicatj , 
in cases of debilitated constitutions. 

Gettysburg is situated on elevated grounds 
35 miles from Harrisburg. The Theologii il ■ 
Seminary of the Lutheran Church, establi>>liul 
here in 1826, has 3 professors, 26 students, 
and 8,000 volumes in its libraries. This lo aUu the s^at ot Pc....=ylvai.ia 
College, founded in 1832, which has a president, 7 professors, 189 students, 
and 3,000 volumes in its libraries. The village contains a court-house, a 
bank, an academy, 6 churches, and 1,700 inhabitants. Stages leave 3 times 
a week for York ; for Chambersburg ; and for Hagerstown, Md. 

Huntingdon is situated on the left bank of the Juniata river, and is 
built upon an elevated bank, sloping gently down to the river. It contains 
a courthouse, 6 churches, an academy, and 1,200 inhabitants. The 
Juniata is here crossed by a substantial bridge. A short distance from 
the village, in Stone Valley, are the " V^arm Springs," which are much 
resorted to. The waters are light on the stomach, diuretic, and are said to 
contain magnesia. Stages pass daily from Harrisburg and from Pittsburg. 
HoLMDAYSBURG is situated on the Juniata river, 143 miles by the 
course of the canal from Harrisburg, near the eastern base of the Alle- 
ghany Moimtains. It contains a court-house, 6 churches, a classical 
school, several extensive manufactories, and about 3,000 inhabitants. 
Here is the termination of the Juniata division of the Pennsylvania canal, 
and the commencement of the Portage railroad through tlie mountain 
pass, overcoming in ascent and descent, by means of ten inclined planes, 
an aggregate of 2,572 feet. There is on the line a tunnel 870 feet long 
and 20 feet high, through the mountain ; and also several viaducts. 
All the viaducts and culverts have been built in the most substantial man- 
ner. Stages leave daily for Harrisburg, and for Pittsburg, and for 
fVilliamsport 3 times a week. Canal boats leave for Harrisburg daily. 

Johnstown is situated on a broad flat, completely encircled by moun- 
tains, at the confluence of Stony creek with the Little Connemaugh. and 




92 STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA. 

et the commencementof the Western division of the Pennsylvania canal. It I 
contains 4 churches and about 1,500 inhabitants. Canal boats leave for 
Pittsbur}^ daily. 

SuNBURY is situated on the left bank of the Susquehanna, 58 miles from 
Harrisburg. Near the town, above and below, are ranges of high hills, 
affording a magnificent prospect of the valley. The village has a court- 
house, 5 churches, and 1,200 inhabitants. Stages leave daily for Harris- 
burg, for IVilkrsbarre, and for H'illiamspnrt. 

Northumberland is a mile above Smibury, on tlie Susquehanna, and 
at the junction of the north and wtsl brunches. There are three beautiful 
bridges crossing the rivers here. The village contains a town-house, a 
bank, 5 churches, and about 1,000 inh:ibitaiits. 

WiLLiAMSPORT is situated on an elevated plain on the left bank of the 
west branch of the Susquehanna, 99 miles from Harrisburg. It has a 
court-house, 5 churches, an academy, and 1,500 inhabitants. Cars leave 
daily for Ralston, thence in stages to Blossburg, and fromthence in cars to 
Corning, J\r. Y. ; and by railroad and stages to Elmira, JV. Y. Stages 
leave three times a week for Hollidaysburg. 

NoRRisTOWN is situated on the left bank of Schuylkill river, 16 miles 
from Philadelphia. Tlie dam across the river creates an immense water- 
power. The village contains a court-house, 6 churches, a bunk, an 
academy, a seminary, a public library, and 3,000 inhabitants. Manu- 
facturing is extensively carried on here. Six miles above Norristown, on 
the west side of the river, at the mouth of Valley creek, is a deep rugged i 
hollow. An ancient forge established here, gave to the place the name of ! 
Valley Forge. Upon the mountain flanks of this valley, wjiich over- ij 
look all the adjacent country, Washington established the winter-quarters f 
of the army in 1777 and '8. This was the most gloomy period of the S 
Revolution. The army reached the valley about the J8th of December. | 
They might have been tracked by the blood of tlieir feet in marching to | 
this place barefooted, over the hard frozen ground. The encampment 
was surrounded on the land side by intrenclnnents, and several small re- 
doubts were built at different points. Some of the intrenchments may 
still be seen. Cars leave J^orristown daily for Philadelphia, and for 
Pottsville. 

Reading lies on the left bank of Schuylkill river, 56 miles from Phila- 
delphia. The streets are regular and spacious. It has an elegant court- 
house, 3 banks, an academy, 3 public libraries, (one in German,) a female 
seminary, 12 churches, and about 8,000 inhabitants. The town is abun- 
dantly supplied with spring water conducted through pipes. The scenery ii 
in the vicinity is wild and picturesque, and the location remarkably \ 
healthy. Cars leave daily for Philadelphia, and for Pottsville. Stages i 
leave daily for Harrisburg, and for Eastmi 3 times a week. [ 

Pottsville, the great mart of the coal trade, is situated just above the I 
gorge by which the Schuylkill river passes the mountains, 92 miles from j 
Philadelphia. It is famous for its rapid growth. In 1824, it contained but | 
five dwellings. It now contains a town-hall, 6 churches, a bank, an } 
academy, several extensive manufactories, and 4,335 inhabitants. Cars \ 
leave daily for Philadelvhia ; stages daily for Sunbury, Danville, and i 
Calnwissa, and 3 times a week for Mauch Chnnk. 

Mauch Chunk is situated on the right bank of TiChigh river, in a deep 
romantic ravine, 122 miles from Philadelphia. The moimtains rise ab- 
ruptly from the village to the height of 800 to 1,000 feet. The village has 
5 churches, several nmnufactories, and about 1.800 inhabitants. The ex- 




STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA. 93 

tenslvo coal mines here, and the operations of working them are ex- 
ceedingly curious and interesting. Stages leave 3 times a week for Easton : 
for Philadelphia, for Potts oi/le, and fur Berwick. 

WiLKKSBARRK is on the left bank of the Susquehanna river, 110 miles 
from Philadelphia. It contains a court-house, 3 cimrches, a bank, a 
female seminary, a classical school, and 1,800 inhabitants. The valley of 
Wyoming is rich in historical incident, and its landscapes combine beauty, 
variety, and grandeur. The site of Fort Wyoming is covered by the 
court-house. Fort Duryee was lialf a mile below the borough, near the 
Shawnee flats. There was anotlier fort on the eastern bank, nearly op- 
posite the hotel, a little below the bridge, the redoubts of which are still 
visible on the hill to tiie north of the village. Stages leave daily for 
Northumberland ; for Biiighamton, JV. Y. ; 3 times a week for Hones- 
dale ; for Eaiton ; and for Matich Chunk. 

Easton i» situated at the confluence of f' i D 'i" n ' T^ohigh 

rivers, 5') miles 
from Philadel- 
phia. It Is reg- 
ularly laid out, .^f^' 
the streets, cro-s- '- 
ing each other 
at right luv'lt- 
There are lu n "2 
fine bridges, ont 
crossing 1 he Del 

aware, and the other" the Lehrgh river. La Fayette College js loc it( d 
here, witli which manual labor is connected. It has a president, 8 pro- 
fessors and tutors, 130 students, and 5,000 volumes in its libraries. Tho 
commencement is on the 2d Wednesday in September. The village has 2 
banks, a court-house, 5 churches, an academy, a classical school, a public 
library with 3,000 volumes, and 5.000 inhabitants. 

The three prominent gorges in the Kitlafinny Mountains, the Lehigh 
and Delaware Water-gaps, and the Wind-gap, arrest the attention of the 
traveller. They are all within a distance of 25 miles from Easton, and 
are celebrated for their picturesque appearance, and the beauty of the 
surrounding landscape. Stages leave daily for J^ew York ; for Trenton, 
A*. J. ; for Philadelphia, and for Rending ; three times a week for Bin^- 
kamton, via HonesdaJe ; for JMauch Chunk, and for Wilkesharre. 

HoNESPALE, situated at the junction of the Lackawaxen and Dyberry 
creeks, is 147 miles from Philadelphia. It has been built up within a 
few years, and contains a court-hoiLse, five churches, two academies, and 
1,100 inhabitants. The Delaware and Hudson canal terminates here, and 
a railroad l(5i miles long connects it with the coal mines. Stages leave 
daily for JVcw York ; for Owego ; three times a week for Easton ; and for 
Wilkesharre. 

Carbondalk. situated on Lackawana creek, owes its existence to the 
Lackawjina coal mine, from which are quarried 800 to 900 tons daily. 
The village contains 6 churches and about 1,000 inhabitants. Stages 
leave 3 times a week for Wilkesharre and for Honesdnle. 

Bristol, situated on the right bank of Delaware river, 20 miles above 
Philadelphia, contains 3 churches, a bank, and about 1,500 inhabitants. 
A short distance below, on the banks of the river, is the Bristol Military 
Institute. Steamboats ply daily to Philadelphia, and cars leave for J^ew 
York, via Trenton. 



94 



STATE OF DELAWARE. 



Westchester, 33 miles from Philadelphia, is surrounded by a beauti- 
ful undulating country, and the place and vicinity is remarkable for its 
salubrity. It is coimected with the Columbia railroad, by a branch nine 
miles long; and the village contains a court-house, a bank, 6 churches, 
an academy, 4 seminaries, a public library, an atheneum, a cabinet of 
natural science, and 2,500 inhabitants. Cars leave twice daily for 
Philadelphia. 

Chester, 14 miles from Philadelphia, on the right bank of tlje Dela- 
ware river, is the most ancient town in the state. It has a courthouse, 3 
churches, a bank, and 1,000 inhnbitants. Cars pass through it twice 
dailv from Philadelphia and from Baltimore. 





^,r 



DELAWARE lies between 38° 29' and 39° 47' N. 
lat., and between 74" 5G' and 75=' 40' W. Ion. It is 
i)2 miles long, and 23 broad, containing 2, 120 square 
miles. Population in 1840, 78,085. 
^-l^r-'^Si' "^ -"i - "^''^ lower part of the state is very level. The 
... ifsa--* - northern part is moderately hilly and rough. An ele- 
vated table-land, towards its western border, passes 
through the state, dividing the waters which fall into 
the Che.-dptake from those which fall into Delaware bay; it contains a 
chain of swamps, from which the principal streams take their rise. In the 
vicinity of Delaware river the soil is productive, but becomes less so i 
towards the swamps in the west. Its southern part affords some fine 
grazing-land. The rivers are small. Brandywine creek, 40 miles long, 
uniting with Christiana creek, forms the harbor of Wilmington. Duck 
creek, Mispillion creek, and Indian river flow into the Delawure. , 

The present constitution was adopted in 1831. The governor is chosen \ 
for four years, and is ever after ineligible. The senate consists of three 
members from each county, chosen for four years. The representatives 
are seven from each county, chosen once in two years. The legislature 
meets once in two years, on the first Tuesday of January. Every male 
citizen over twenty-two years of age, who has resided one year in the 
state, and the last month in the county in which he votes and paid a tax, 
has the right of sutfiage ; and if he be between 21 and 22 years, and 
otherwise qualified, he may vote without payment of a tax. The judicial 
power is exercised by 4 common-law judges and a chancellor. There 
must be one associate judge in each county. 

There is but one college in the state, viz., Delaware College, at Newark; 
and there are twenty academies, and 152 common schools. 

Delaware w<is fir^t settled by Swedes and Fins, in 1630. In con. 
vention it adopted the constitution of the United States, Dec. 3d, 1787, by 
a unanimous vote. 



STATE OF DELAWARE. 



95 



Dover, the capital of the state, is situated on the south side of Jones 
creek, 10 miles from its entrance into Delaware bay. Its streets cross at 
right angles, and at the centre of the town is a spacious public square, on 
which the slate-house is erected, and around which other public buildings 
are ranged. It contains 3 churches, a bank, an academy, and about 700 
inhabitants. Here is a splendid monument, erected by the state, to the 
memory of Col. John Haslett. who fell at the battle of Princeton. Stages 
leave, daily for IVilmington, and 3 times a week fur Snow Hill, J\Id. 

Wilmington is situated between Brandywine river and Christiana 
creek, one mile from their confluence, and 27 miles southwest from Pliila- 
delpbia. It is the largest place in the state, and its streets are broad and 
regularly laid out. It contains a city-hall, two market-houses, 3 banks, 
an almshouse, an arsenal, a Friends' boarding school for young ladies, a 
public library, 16 churches, 9 academies, and 10,000 inhabitants. In the 
city and vicinity are many extensive manufactories and flouring-mills. 
The Brandywine Springs, about .5 miles from Wilmington, are much 
resorted to in the summer season for health and pleasure. Cars leave 
twice daily for Philadelphia, ( fare 5i) cts.,) and for Baltimore. Steam- 
boats ply daily to Philadelphia. Stages leave daily for Milford, via 
JsTcwcastle and Dover. 

Newark, on Christiana creek,12 miles from Wilmington and 1 mile from the 
depot, contains the buildings .^ ^ _ 

of Delaware College, thrre ~^ " -— ^ 

churches, an academy, and = ^ 

^"00 inhabitants. Delaware 
Collegewas founded in IftT?, 
and endowed by theKtutewith 
a fund of .$100,000. It has 
a president, 4 professor"!, a 
tutor, and 50 students. 'J'he 
commencement is on the 4th 
Wednesday in September. 

Nkwcastle, 5 miles south from Wilmington, on the right bank of 
Delaware river, was once the capital of the state. It was the site of the 
Dutch fort, Casimir, and the village of Niew Amstel. It contains a court- 
house, a town-house, an arsenal, 5 churches, an academy, a public 
library of 4,000 volumes, and 1,200 inhabitants. Stcavibonts leave daily 
for Philadelphia, and cars, in connection with steamboats, for Baltimore. 

Smyrna, 35 miles from Wilmington, is on Duck creek, and contains 
a church, and about 600 inhabitants. 

Delaware City is situated on the west side of Delaware bay, at the 
entrance of the Chesapeake and Delaware canal. It contains about 50 
dwellings. In front of it, on Peapatch Island, is Fort Delaware. 

MiLyoRD, situated on Mispillion creek, 68 miles from Wilmington, con- 
tains 3 churches, 2 academies, and about 600 inhabitants. 

Georgetown, 88 miles from Wilmington, situated near the head waters 
of Indian river, has a courthouse, an academy, a bank, and about 300 
inhabitants. Stages leave 3 times a week for Wilmington. 




96 



STATE OF MARYLAND. 





M \RYLAND lies between 38° and 3^ 44' N. lat., - 
f'£ ^11 \ ^ and between 75" 10' and 79" 20' W. Ion. It is 196 
^ yTTi \ ^ niil(>j long, and 120 broad, containing 13,959 square' 
miles Population in 1840, 469,232. Eastern Mary- 
land or that part of the state east of the Chesapeake 
ha> l^ mostly level. Tlie country on the zcest shore to , 
tlie lievd of tides, is similar to the eastern shore ; the 
soil ot this portion is generally fertile, producing wheat, ^ 
Indian corn, tobacco, &c. AI)ove the flow of the" 
tides, the surf ice rHc-- nito hills, and the western part attains an elevated 
region being (rosstd by the Alleghany Mountains. The western part ^ 
contains much fine land, adapted both to grain and grazing. Extensive ' 
beds of coal and of iron ore exist. I 

The Potomac river, which divides this state from Virginia, is 550 miles ' 
long, and navigable about 300 miles to Washington city. It is 7i miles' 
■wide at its mouth. The great falls are 59 miles above Washington ; the ' 
perpendicular descent is 76 feet, and the rapids extend for several miles up ' 
the river, and form a very picturesque view. The Susquehanna is a ' 
large river, which enters into the head of the Chesapeake bay in this 1 
state. It is li miles wide at its mouth, but is navigable only five miles, J 
being, above that, much obstructed by falls and rapids. The Patapsco 
is a small river, navigable, however, 14 miles to Baltimore for ships. The 
Patuxent is 110 miles long, and is navigable for 50 miles for vessels of 250 ' 
tons. Tlie other rivers are Elk, Sassafras, Chester, Choptank, Nanticoke, '■ 
and Pocomoke. The Chesapeake bay is 270 miles long, and from " 
seven to twenty wide; and, by its numerous inlets, furnishes many fine 
harbors: and in season, abounds with the clioicest waterfowl, fish, &c. 

The constitution of tJie state was formed in 1776, but has been amended 
Bince that time. The governor is chosen annually by the joint-ballot of' 
both houses of the legislature, and is eligible only three years in seven. ' 
He must be 25 years of age, and have resided in the slate 5 years. The'' 
senators are 15 in number ; they must be 25 years of age, have resided in* 
the state 3 years, and are chosen for five years. The representatives must 
be 25 years of age, and have resided one year in the county for which' 
they are chosen immediately preceding the election. They are 80 in 
number. The council consists of 5 members, elected by the legislature to'' 
advise the governor, and sanction or negative the exrcutive appointments.* 
Thoy must be 25 years of age, and are chosen for three years. The 
governor has no veto upon the acts of the legislature. The judiciary { 
consists of a chancellor and judges, who hold their offices during good ' 
behavior. Every free wiiite male citizen, over 21 years of age, who has I 
resided in the city or county in which be offers his vote one year next j 
preceding the election, enjoys the right of suifrage. j 



STATE OF MARYLAND. 97 

The colIpfTPs, (fee, in this state arc ns follows, viz. : St. John's College, at 
Annupolis, founded in 1784 ; St. Mary's College, at Baltimore ; Mount St. 
Mary's College, near Emniettsbnrg : Medical School University, at Balti- 
more, and Washington Medical College, do. Besides these, there are 130 
academies and about 575 primary and common schools. 

The original charter of Maryland was granted to Lord Baltimore, in 
16:<2. It was first settled by Catholics in 1634, at St. 3Iary's. In 
convention, April 28th, 1788, it adopted the constitution of the United 
Slatis— ypfis 63, nays ]2. 








lUtriMDi I ih. ihird titj ni r\ 
tent, popiilafion, ami comim r( e, iii the 
United States, is situated on the north 
side of Patapsco river, 14 miles from its entrance into Chesapeake bay, 
and 200 miles from the ocean by ship channel, in 39° 17' 23" N. lat., and 
76° 37' 30" W. Ion. It is 40 miles from Washington, 97 from Philadel- 
phia, 185 from New York, 590 from Pittsburg. Population in 1840, 
102,313. The harbor, which is a very fine one, consists of three parts. 
The entrance to it, between Fort McHenry and the Lazaretto, is about 600 
yards wide, and has twenty-two feet depth of water. Above Fell's 
Point is the second harbor, with 15 feet water ; the third or inner harbor, 
has a depth of ten to twelve feet, and penetrates to near the centre of tlie 
city. It is the most extensive market for tobacco in the United States, and the 
greatest flour market in the world. Within 20 miles of the city, there are 70 
or more flouring mills. The city affords many commanding sites for build- 
ings. The part compactly built extends about 2 miles in length from E. to 
W., and a mile and a half from north to south. The streets generally cross 
each other at right angles. The north end of the town is the fashionable 
quarter, in the vicinity of Washington Monument ; and the principal 
promenade is Baltimore-street, which is two miles in length, extending 
through the centre of the city. The public buildings are, the City-hall, 
on HoUidays-street, occupied by the city council and public officers; the 
Court-house, corner of Washington and Monument streets; the State 
Penitentiary, 7 markets, 11 banks, a savings institution, eight insurance 
companies, two theatres, a circus, a museum, several extensive hotels, 
&c., &c. There are upwards of 100 churches, many of which are 
elegant structures. 

The University of Maryland was incorporated in 1812. It has a faculty 
of Arts and Science, of Physic, of Theology, and of Law. The first has 
7 professors — that of physic has 7, of theology 3, and that of law 4. It 
is well supplied with materials for anatomical studies, and has a good 
chemical laboratory. I-ectures commence on the last Monday in October. 
Washington Medical University, which has 7 professors, has an annual 
session of four months, beginning on the last Monday in October. Balti- 
more College, which constitutes the collegiate department of the Uni- 
versity of Maryland, is under the general supervision of the regents of the 
University, and the particular direction and management of a president, 
asfiisted by different professors and teachers. St. Mary's College and 
5 



98 STATE OF MARYLAND. 

Seminary has 14 professors or other instructors. The Maryland College- 
of Pharmacy, incorporated January, 1841, has a president, two vice- 
presidents, a secretary, a treasurer, and a board of three examiners. The 
Baltimore College of Dental Surgery, has a president and 5 professors. 
The Mercantile Library Association, founded in 1839, has a library of 
5,000 volumes. The Maryland Historical Society is located in Baltimore. 
Maryland Hospital, on Hampsted hill, in the eastern extremity of the city, 
is under the management of a board of visitors appointed by the state. 
Mount Hope Hospital, in the northern part of the city, is under the 
management of the Sisters of Charity ; it will contain 100 patients. The 
Baltimore Infirmary, connected with the medical d^piirtment of the Uni- 
versity of Maryland, is under the direction of the faculty of physic. 

fVashington Monument stands on elevated ground, 150 feet above 
tide-water, at the intersection of Charles and Monu- 
ment streets, and is the most imposing structure in the 
city. It is a Doric column, rising from a base 50 feet 
square and 20 feet high. The shaft is 160 feet high and 
twenty feet in diameter. A winding stairway leads to 
the top, where is a statue of Washington, by Causici, 
thirteen feet high. The whole is constructed of white 
marl)le. From its top is a fine view of the city and its 
I iivirons. The Battle Monument, at the corner of 
Fayette and Calvert streets, was erected in 1815, in 
memory of those who fell, defending the city when at- 
tacked by the British in 1814. It is constructed of white 
larble, is 52 feet high, and surmounted by a figure 
• emblematic of the city of Baltimore. The city is sup- 
plied with water for the extinguishment of fires, from 
Jones Falls ; the water being raised by steam-power into two reservoirs hold- 
ing about seven millions of gallons, and distributed in iron pipes. The 
public springs or fountains, of which there are four, are tastefully orna- 
mented, and furnish a copious supply of pure water. Green Mount 
Cemetery is situated near the north bounds of the city. It has mostly a 
high undulating surface, and is handsomely laid out, and adorned with 
shrubbery, sculptured tombs, &c. Baltimore was laid out as a town ia 
1729. In 1765 it contained only 50 houses. It was chartered in 1797. 
Cars leave twice daily for Pliiladelphia, {fare S3;) for Washington "i 
times daily, {fare 1.60 ;) for Cumberland daily, {fare S7 ;) for Columbia, 
Pa., {fare §2.63 ;) aiid for Jlnnapolis daily. Stages leave daily in sum- 
mer for York Sulphur Springs^ 3 times a week for Gettysburg, Pa., 
Emmettsburg, S,-c. Fare to J^Tcw York. $7 ; to Richmond, Fa., S6.60 ; 
to Wilmington, jX. C.,$16.Q0; to Charleston, $21; to Mobile, $57.50; 
to J\reiD Orleans, W^.50,— to Wheeling, $10; to Pittsburg, $11. Steam- 
boats leave daily for JVorfolk, Va., via Old Point Comfort, .dnnapolis, 
Src. : and also for Philadelphia via French Town. J^ew Castle, S,-c. 

Annapolis, the capital of the state, is situated on the Chesapeake bay, 
at the entrance of Severn river. The streets rndiate from three centres, 
which are the sites of the three principal buildings, viz. : the State House, 
St. John's College, and St. Anne's Church ; besides these, there are a 
government-house, a Methodist and a Roman Catholic Chapel, a semi- 
nary, and a bank. The city contains 2,800 inhabitants. The State House 
is remarkable as the building in which the American Congress, during the 
Revolutionary war, held some of its sessions. The Senate Chamber, 
which witnessed the last scene of the great drama of the Revolution. 





STATE OF MARYLAND. \)\f 

Washington's resignation of his commission to the Congress, has been 

preserved unaltered. St. John's College was founded in 1784, as the 

Western-shore branch of the ^ , 

University of Maryland, now _ ^ "- f <*?' _^^ 

extinct. In 1823 and 1832, ^=^ ^y,,h ""f jf ^ 

the Assembly restored a Kirge ' '"''''' 

portion of the funds winch 

had been withiield binci 

1806. It now has a pre'-i 

dent, five professort, 1,240- 

alumni, 75 students, and 

4,000 volumes in its lil)raries. 

The commencement i^ on tlic 22d of Fibrudrj Tiie I'^nitid i^t^tLs Na\al 

Academy, at Fort Se\ ( rn, li is 7 i)rof( ^-or^, and 70 niuKlupmeu as students. 

Cars leave daily for JVashinglon and for Baltimore. 

Havre de Grace is on the west side of Susquehanna river, at its en- 
trance into Chesapeake bay, 60 miles from Philadelphia- The Susque- 
hanna canal terminates here, connecting the Chesapeake with the Pennsyl- 
vania canals. A steam-ferry crosses the river. The town has a church 
and 1.500 inhabitants. In 1813, the British under Admiral Cockburn burned 
the place. Cars leave twice daily for Philadelphia and for Baltimore. 

Elkton is situated at the junction of the two main branches of Elk 
river, at the head of tide-water, 45 miles from Philadelphia. The village 
is half a mile south of the railroad depot. It contains a court-house, a 
bank, a Methodist church, and about 150 dwellings. Cars leave twice 
daily for Philadelphia, and for Baltimore. Stages leave 3 times a week 
for Catnbridge via Chestertown, Easton, iSrc. 

Chestertown, situated on Chester river, 30 miles from Chesapeake 
bay, contains two churches, a branch of the University of Maryland, an 
academy, and about 1,000 inhabitants. 

Easton, on Tread Haven bay, 13 miles from its entrance into Chesa- 
peake bay and from Elkton, has a court-house, 3 churches, an academy, 
and 1,000 inhabitants. 

Cambridge, situated on Choptank river, twelve miles from its entrance 
into the Chesapeake bay, has a court-house, two churches, an academy, 
and 800 inhabitants. Stages leave three times a week for Elkton, and. 
twice for Snow Hill. 

Snow Hill, situated on the east side of Pocomoke river, contains a 
court-house, an academy, 5 churches, and about 800 inhabitants. Stages 
leave three times a week for Wilmington, Del., and for Acomac and East- 
villc, Va. — Barren Creek Mineral Spring is 23 miles from Cambridge. 
The waters contain oxide of iron, soda, and magnesia combined with 
muriatic acid ; they are tonic and diuretic, and have been found serviceable 
in bilious complaints. 

Westminister is situated on the head waters of the Patapsco river, 
and contains a court-house, 3 churches, an academy, and 500 inhabitants. 

Emmkttsburq, situated on the Monacacy river, in a pretty rural country, 
has four churches, an academy, and 800 inhabitants. Two miles distant 
is Mount St. Mary's College, under the direction of the Roman Catholics, 
founded in 1830; it has a president and 11 instructors, 130 students, and 
4,000 volumes in its libraries. The commencement is in the last week in 
June. Stages leave three times a week for Frederick. 

Freperick, the second place of importance in the state, is situated on 
a branch of Monacacy creek, 61 miles from Baltimore, and is surrounded 



100 



DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 



by a picturesque and highly fertile country. Its streets are wide, and 
regularly laid out. The city contains an elegant court-house, county 
offices, several banks, a market-house, twelve churches, several scientific 
and literary institutions, and 5,200 inhabitants. Cars leave daily for 
Baltimure. Stages leave .1 times a week for Gettysburg, Pa. 

Hagerstovvn, 70 miles from Baltimore, is pleasantly situated on the 
Antictam creek. It contains a court-house, 2 banks, 2 academies, a town- 
hall, 9 churches, and 3,800 inhabitants. Stages leave daily for Frederick. 

Hancock, situated on the left bank of the Potomac river, has 2 churches, 
an academy, and 400 inhabitants. 

Cumberland is situated on the left bank of Potomac river, at the en- 
trance of Wills creek, 178 miles from Baltimore. It contains a court- 
house, a market house, a bank, five churches, and about 1,000 inhabitants. 
It occupies the site of Fort Cumberland, and the mountain scenery in the 
vicinity is picturesque, varied, and beautiful. Extensive beds of coal 
exist in the surrounding hills and mountains. Cars leave daily for Balti- 
more, {fare $7.) Stages leave for Wheeling, Va., (/are $4;) and stages 
i?i connection witit ateainboats at Brownsville, Pa.,forPiUsburg, (/are $3,) 



^2-^ 





'^-^.^■ 



TllC DISTRICT or ( 'OLUMBIA occupies a space 
of GO square miles, and is situated on the left bank of 
the Potomac r. 120 miles from its entrance into Chesa- 
peake bay. The territory was formerly 10 miles square, 
and was ceded by the states of Maryland and Vir- 
^^ srinia, for the purpose of becoming the seat of the 
■ ^^^^ government of the Republic. The portion west of the 
-.^^^' Potomac was rctroceded to Virginia in 1846. The 
District, which is under the immediate jurisdiction of 
Congress, contains the cities of Washington and Georgetown. Pop. 35,000. 
Washington, the capital of the United States, is situated on the left 
bank of the Potomac, at its confluence with the Anacostia, in N. lat. 
38" 52' 45", and W. Ion. 76» 55' 30" from Greenwich. It is 2<)5 miles 
from the ocean by the course of the river. 38 from Baltimore, and 225 
from New York. It contained, in 1840, 23,364 inhabitants. The city is 
encompassed by a fine range of hills, and covered in part with trees and 
/hrubbery. presenting verdant and cultivated slopes. The ground on 
which it is built hus a general elevation of about forty feet above the 
river. In planning the city, the most advantageous ground was ap- 
propriated for the different edifices, and for several squares, commanding 
extensive prospects, and susceptible of such improvements as use or 
ornament might require. Avenues of direct communication have been 
made, connecting distant objects with the principal ones. North and south 
lines, crossed by others running cast and west, divide the city into streets 
and equarcs. The avenues are named aiier the respective slates, and the 



DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 



101 




Capitol is the point from which the streets are named, — those north being 
called A North, &c., and those south, A South, <Stc. ; those east and west, 
1st East, &c., and 1st West, See, respectively. The avenues are from 120 
to 160 feet wide ; Pennsylvania avenue, leading from the Capitol to the 
President's house, has a sidewalk twenty-six feet wide, paved, and planted 
with trees, the carriage-way being macadamized. 

The Capitol is a large and massy building of the Corinthian order of 
architecture, and is built 
of freestone. It is situated 
In the centre of the square, 
on an eminence 78 feet 
above the tide, and is com- 
posed of a central edifice 
with two wings, with a 
projection on the west side. 
It covers H acres and 1,820 
square feet, exclusive of 
the circular enclosure for 
fuel, forming an elegant 

area and glacier on the 

west front. The length of the front is 352 feet, including the wings ; the 
depth of the wings is 121 feet. The projection on the east or main front, 
including the steps, is 65 feet wide, and another on the west front 83 feet 
wide. On the east front there is a splendid portico of 22 columns 38 feet 
high ; and on the west front is a portico of ten columns. The height of 
the building to the top of the dome is 120 feet. Under the dome, in the 
middle of the building, is the Rotunda, 95 feet in diameter, and of the 
same height, and adorned with sculpture, in stone panels in bold relief: 
the subjects of these are— Smith delivered by the interposition of Pocahon- 
tas — the Landing of the Pilgrims — the conflict of Boone with the Indians — 
and Penn treating with the Indians; and the four celebrated paintings by 
Trumbull, representing the presentation of the Declaration of Indepen- 
dence to Congress — the surrender of Burgoyne to Gates — the surrender 
of Cornwallis at Yorktown — and Washington resigning his commission 
to Congress at Annapolis ; also the baptism of Pocahontas, by Chapman ; 
and the Embarkation of the Pilgrims, by Weir. The east front has also, 
in two niches, colossal figures in marble, of Peace and of War, and a 
fine marble statue of Columbus, by Persico, has just been added to this 
entrance. The colossal statue of Washington, by Greenough, has 
been placed in the East Park, in a neat temple erected for the purpose. 
To the west of the Rotunda is the library room of Congress, 92 by 34 
feet, and 36 feet in height, containing 30,000 volumes. In the second 
story of the south wing is tiie Hall of the House of Representatives, of a 
semicircular form, 96 feet long and 60 feet high, with a dome supported 
by 24 columns of native variegated marble, and with capitals of Italian 
marble. This room is ornamented by some fine statuary and paintings. 
The Senate Chamber is in the second story of the north wing, and is 
semicircular, like that of the Representatives, but smaller, being 78 feet 
long and 45 feet high. Below the Senate Chamber, and nearly of the 
same form and dimensions, though much less elegant, is the room of the 
Supreme Court of the United States ; and there are in the building 70 
rooms for the accommodation of committees and officers of Congress. 
Around the Capitol are 22 acres of park, highly ornamented with trees of 
many varieties, shrubbery, fountains, &.c. 




102 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. i 

1 
The President's Htmse is an elegant edifice of freestone, two Btories I 

high, at the intersection of ] 

Pennsylvania, Virginia, New ' 
York, Connecticut, and Ver- ! 
mont avenues, and stands j 
near the centre of a park of 
E20 acres, at tin elevation of 
44 feet above the river. Tlie j 
front entrance faces north ! 
upon La Fayette Square, and I 
_ ihe southern front, towards j 

the garden, presents a fine view of the city, of the Potomac river, and ; 
the shores of Maryland and Virginia. Tiie building is 170 feet front and ^ 
86 feet deep. The north front is ornamented with a fine Ionic portico of ' 
four lofty columns, projecting with three columns. The outer inter- 
columniation is for carriages to drive into, to place the company under 
ehelter. Tlie middle space is the entrance for visitors who come on foot ; 
the steps from both lead to a broad platform in front of the door of en- ' 
trance. The interior is elegantly constructed and richly furnished. 

On the east of the President's House are two large building.* ; there are , 
also two others on the west, for the accommodation of the Departmenta ', 
of gtate, of the Treasury, of War, and of the Navy. The General Post- i 
office, and the Patent-office, are also extensive buildings. The new ; 
Treasury building has a splendid colonnade 457 feet in length. The ■ 
General Post-office is of the Corinthian order. The Piitent-office, in ad- 
dition to other spacious apartments, has one room in tlie upper story 275 
feet long and 65 feet wide, and when completed by wings, will be up- 
wards of 400 feet in length. Tlie portico of this building is of the same ■ 
extent as that of the Parthenon at Athens. ; 

The Navy Yard is on the eastern branch, about three-fourths of a mile ; 
southeast of the Capitol, and contains 27 acres. It has houses for officers, j 
shops, and warehouses, two large ship-houses, an armory, &c. The city i 
contains .30 places of worship, two orphan asylums, three banks, a city- j 
hall, an hospital, a penitentiury, a theatre, 12 academies, &c. j 

Columbian College was incorporated in 1821. It is pleasantly situated ; 
on elevated ground north of the President's house. It has a medical 
department attached. In the several departments are a president, 10 . 
professors, and 104 students. It has 4,200 volumes in its libraries. The I 
commencement is on tlie first Wednesday of October. — The National | 
Institution for the Promotion of Science, was organized in 1840. It meets ' 
monthly. Its collections are in the grand hall of the Patent-office. The . 
United States Exploring Expedition has added largely to its collection, i 
The Union Literary Society holds a weekly discussion at the lecture-room 
of the Medical College. The City Library contains 6,000 volumes. 

The Congressional Cemetery, a mile east of the Capitol, is handsomely i 
laid out, and contains many sculptured tombs, monuments, &;c. It is ; 
ta.stefully adorned with trees and shrubbery. ; 

The seat of the Federal government was removed to Washington city i 
in 1800. Tiie north wing of the Capitol was commenced September ; 
16th, 1793 ; tlie President, George Washington, laid the corner-stone : , 
the architect was Pierre C L'Enfant. Cars leave fVashiu gton dnily fur \ 
Boston, via Baltiiimre, Phihulilphia, and .V. Yurk. Steamboat for JVor/oZA;. | 
StaffesforSt. Louis, Cinciiuidti, Detroit, S,-c. Steamboat, railroad, andstage 
line for jY. O. via Richmond, IViiminglvu, Charleston, .Mobile. See routex j 




DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 103 

No traveller should leave Washington without making a pilgrimage to 
Mount Vernon. It is on the bank of the Potomac, fifteen miles from the 
city. A recent traveller thus describes the spot and his visit. "Altera 
few miles of riding through the forest, with occasional openings and culti- 
vated spots, my friend pointed out a stone sunk in the ground by the road- 
side, which, he said, marked the beginning of the Mount Vernon estate. 
Still we rode on for a couple of miles, before the gate and porter's lodge 
came in sight. After passing the gate, we had still a distance of half a 
mile before us, and the simple carriage-path led us over a surfiice much 
diversified, while the trees were most grand and forest-like. We crossed 
a brook, passed through a ravine, and felt ourselves so completely in the 
midst of aboriginal, untouched nature, that the sight of the house and the 
cluster of surrcundmg buildrigs, came hke a surprise upon me. The 
approach to the 
house is toward^ 
the west front. — 
The door from 
the piazza open 
ed directly into : 
a large room, 
which we enter 
ed. It was no 
mere habit that "'^i 
lifted the hat from my head, and i stepped liijhliy, cis iiiougii upon 
hallowed ground. . . . The rooms of the house are spacious, and 
tl)ere is something of elegance in their arrangement; yet the whole is 
marked by great simplicity. All the regard one could wisli, seems to 
have been shown to the sacredness of these public relics, and all things 
have been kept very nearly as Washington left them. Let every Ameri- 
can, and especially every young American, visit this place, and catch, 
something of its spirit. It will make an impression on him which 

may endure through life At a short distance from the house, in a 

retired spot, stands the new family tomb, a plain structure of brick, with 
a barred iron gate, through which are seen two sarcophagi of white 
marble, side by side, containing the remains of Washington and his 
consort. The old family tomb, in which he was first placed, is in a more 
picturesque situation, upon a knoll, in full view of the river; but the 
present one is more retired, which was reason enough to determine the 
wishes of a modest man." 

Georgetown, on the left bank of the Potomac river, is two miles west of 
Washington, from which it is separated by Rock creek, over which are 
two bridges. The situation is pleasant, commanding a fine view of the 
Potomac river, the city of Washington, and of the adjacent country ; and 
it contains many elegant buildings and country-seats. It iias four banks, 
a market-house, 7 churches, 6 academies, a college, and 7,312 in- 
habitants. Georgetown College, founded in 1791, under the direction of 
the Roman Catholics, has two spacious brick edifices, finely situated. 
It has a president and 14 professors, or other instructors, 90 alumni, 140 
students, and 25.000 volumes in its libraries. The commencement is 
near the last of July. It was authorized by Congress, in 181.5, to confer 
degrees. There is also a nunnery, called the Convent of Visitation, 
founded in 1798, which contains from 50 to 70 nuns, attached to which is 
a large female academy, which generally contains 100 young ladies, in- 
structed by the nuns. The Chesapeake and Ohio canal commences at 



104 STATE OF VIRGINIA. 

this place, which is designed to be extended to the Ohio river, and 
which has been recently continued to Alexandria. Omnibuses arrive from 
and depart for tVashini:lun every \5 minutes. 

Alexandria, seven miles below Washington, is finely situated on the 
right bank of the Potomac, which has a depth of water liere sufficient for 
vessels of the largest class. The city is considerably elevated, ascending 
gradually from the rivor; the streets cross each other at right angles. It 
contains a court-house, 10 churches, two banks, two insurance com- 
panies, a museum, 8 academics, and 8,500 inhabitants. The Museum is 
well worth attention. It contains more personal relics of Gen. Washing- 
ton than can be found elsewhere, and also a large and curious collection 
of specimens in natural history. The city has considerable shipping, and 
exports wheat, Indian corn, and tobacco. The Chesapeake and Ohio 
canal extends to this place. Steamboats ply hourly to and from Washington. 




X 




C^'^^. if->iJfe^ VIRGINIA lies between 36© 33' and 40° 43' N. 
'//["''^'ti'^^' '''' ' '^"'^ ^'^t^^^een 75° 25' and 83= 40' W. Ion. It is 
(f'f iM "^ '^ 370 miles long and 200 broad at its greatest width, con- 
I' 'M '' tuning 64,000 square miles. Population in 1840. 

^,] 1,239,797. 

^i^ Ufe-^ As regards surface and soil, this state may be di- 

^^S^^ , vided into four sections. The eastern includes a tract 
of about 100 or 120 miles in width, and is generally 
low and level, and in some places marshy ; it has a 
ight sandy soil, mostly covered with pines. West of 
ineof the head of tide-water the country becomes 
undulating and hilly, until it attains one continuous 
mountain elevation, known as the Blue Ridge, cross- 
ing the entire width of the state. The alluvial lands in this tract are for 
the most part very fertile, those of James river especially being un- 
usually productive. The third section includes the valley between the 
Blue Ridge and the Alleghany mountains. This tract, tho\igh in parts 
broken by mountains, is generally the most fertile and healthy part of the 
state. Tlie fourth section includes the country between the Alleghany 
chain and the Ohio ; this portion, though in many places wild and broken, 
has a great deal of fine fertile land, with vast dcposites of coal, iron, 
salt, &c. 

The Potomac river separates Virginia from Maryland. James river is 
the largest which belongs to this state. It is 500 miles in length, and flows 
from the mountains in the interior, behind the Blue Ridge, through which 
it passes. It is navigable for sloops 120 miles, and for boats much further, 
and flows into Chesapeake buy. The Appamattox is 130 miles long, and 



STATE OF VIRGINIA. 105 

enters James river 100 miles above Hampton Roads, and is navigable 12 
miles to Petersburg. The Rappahannock, 1.30 miles long, and navigable 
110 miles for sloops, rises in the Blue Ridge, and flows into the Chesa- 
peake. York river enters the Chesapeake 30 miles below the Rappahan- 
nock, and is navigable 40 miles for ships. The Shenandoah enters the 
Potomac just before its passage through the Blue Ridge. Of the rivers 
west of the mountains, the Great Kanawha rises in North Carolina, 
passes through this state, and enters the Ohio. The Little Kanawha also 
flows into the Ohio. The Monongahela rises in this state, though it 
runs chiefly iu Pennsylvania. — The lower part of Chesapeake bay lies 
wholly in this state, is 15 miles wide at its mouth, and enters the Atlantic 
between Cape Charles and Cape flenry. 

The executive power is vested in a governor, elected by the joint vote of 
the two houses of the General Assembly. He is chosen for tiiree years, 
and is ineligible for the next three. There is a council of state, elected 
in like manner for three years, the seat of one being vacated every year. 
The senior councillor is lieutenant-governor. The senators can never be 
more than 36, and the delegates than 150; and both are apportioned 
anew among the counties every ten years. The senators are elected for 
four years, and the seats of one-fourth of them are vacated every year. 
The delegates are chosen annually. All appointments to any otfice of 
trust, honor, or profit, by the legislature, are made openly, or viva voce, 
and not by ballot. The judges of the Supreme Court of Appeals, and of 
the superior courts, are elected by the joint vote of both houses of the 
General Assembly, and hold their offices during good behavior, or until 
removed by a joint vote of two-thirds of the legislsiture. 

The right of sufl:'rage is extended to every resident white male citizen 
21 years of age, entitled to vote by the former constitution ; or who 
owns a freehold valued at $-2o, or a joint interest in a freehold to that 
amount; or who has a life estate, or a reversionary title to land valued at 
$50, having been so possessed for six months ; or who shall own, or be in 
occupation of a leasehold estate having been recorded two months, for a 
term not less than five years, of the annual value or rent of $-200; or who 
for 12 months shall have been a housekeeper and head of a family, and 
paid the taxes assessed by the commonwealth. 

The literary institutions in this state are— William and Mary College, at 
Williamsburg ; Hampden Sidney College, in Prince Edward county, 
with a medical department in Richmond ; Washington College, at Lex- 
ington; Randolph Macon College, at Boydton ; the University of Vir- 
ginia, at Charlottesville; St. Vincent's ('ollege, at Richmond; and Rich- 
mond College, do. There are theological schools at Richmond and in 
Fairfax county. There are about 400 academies and 2,000 common schools. 

Virginia is sometimes called the Ancient Dominion, having beon 
settled in April, 1607, at Jamestown, on James river, which was the 
first white settlement in the United States. In convention, June 25th, 1788, 
the constitution of the United States was adopted — yeas 89, nays 79. 

Jamestown, the first settlement in British America, was commenced by 
Capt. John Smith and his companions. May 13th. 1607. The site is a 
point of land projecting into James river, seven miles distant from Wil- 
liamsburg. Of this interesting spot, little now remains but a church- 
yard, and the tower of an ancient church— a venerable memento of an- 
tiquity, carrying back the mind of the traveller, as he hurries by in a 
passing steamer, to scenes long since vanished " down time's lengthening 
way." 

5* 




lUb STATE OF VIRGINIA. 

Richmond, the capitul of the state, is beautifully situated on the 

left bank of James river. 
It the lower falls, and 150 
miles above its entrance into 
Chtsipeake bay. It is 117 
miifs from Washington, and 
.143 from New York. Popu- 
lation m 1840, :20, 153. The 
,;, cit> l^ well situated for com- 
mtrce, being at the head 
ot tide water, on the river; 
vesser> driwni^' tin ft » t of wnter ( oim to Rocket'', a mile below the 
rentrp ot tht ( ity, mid tho^t drawiiitT J ) t( et to Warwick, 3 miles below. 
There are locks around the falls in James river, and above them it is 
navigable for boats 220 miles. A canal extends to Lynchburg, a distance 
of 116 miles. Manchester is directly opposite to the city, and is con- 
nected with it by two bridges. The situation of Richmond is healthy and 
highly picturesque. The streets cross each other at right angles, and the 
houses are well built. Shockoe and Richmond hills are opposite to each 
other, Shockoe oreek passing between them : the city is spread over these 
hills and along the margin of the creek. Shockoe Hill, which is a 
favorite place of residence, is an elevated plain ; and near its brow is 
Capitol Square, a beautiful public ground. In the centre of this ground 
stands the Capitol, in a conspicuous and commanding situation, having a 
portico in front, with an entablature supported by lofty Ionic columns. 
Within the building, in an open hall, stands a marble statue of Washing- 
ton, by Hodoun. The City-hall, fronting the Capitol Square, is an ele- 
gant building of the Grecian order of architecture. There are in the city 
23 churches, 3 banks, two insurance companies, an armory, a theatre, 
a female asylum, a penitentiary, 13 academies, and a free Lancasterian 
school. The city is supplied with water which is elevated by hydraulic 
power into three reservoirs containing a million of gallons each, from 
which it is distributed in pipes throughout the city. — The Medical de- 
partment of Hampden Sidney College has a fine building of the Egyptian 
order of architecture ; it has a dean and five members of the faculty. St. 
Vincent's College, under the control of the Roman Catholics, is about 
one mile east of the city. It has a president and about 50 students. 
Richmond College, under the direction of the Baptists, is one mile 
west of the city. It has a president, 5 professors, and 100 students. 

Richmond was founded in 1742, and was made the capital of the state 
in 1780. — Steamboats leave daily for Hampton Roads, Norfolk, S,'c. Cars 
arrive from, and depart daily for Washington, (fare $5 ;) for Wilming- 
ton. JV. C. {fare $10.50;) for GordonsviUe, {fare $3.25;) and fin- 
Raleigh, JV. C. Stages leave 3 times a week for Staunton, for White 
Sulphur Springs via Lynchburg ; for Milton, JV. C. ; and for Old Point 
Cornfort ; and twice a week for Rappahannock. 

Norfolk is on the right bank of Elizabeth river, eight miles above its 
entrance into Hampton Roads, and lOfi miles from Richmond. The situa- 
tion is low, and the streets are crooked and irregular. It contains a 
custom-house, a court-house, a market-house, a theatre, four banks, eight 
churches, an academy, u, Lancasterian school, an orphan asylum, an 
atheneum, and 12,000 inhabitants. Ports mottth is on the left bank of 
the river, and immediately opposite to Norfolk. It contains a court 
house, six churches, a bank, and about 7.000 inhabitants. The United 



SI Alii Vt VlKUliNiA. 



IVJi 



States Navy Yard is situated in the part of tlie town known as Gosport, 
where has been constructed a large and costly drydock, and extensive 
buildings, worksliops, &c., used in the construction of naval architecture. 
The Virginia Literary, Scientitic, and Military Academy, establislied in 
1840, has 40 pupils. The United States Naval Hospital is a short dis- 
tance from the Navy Yard. The harbor of Norfolk and Portsmouth, the 
entrance to which is through Hampton Roads, is one of the best on the 
Atlantic coast. Steanibnats leave daily fur Richmond, for Washington, 
and fur Baltimore. Cars leave daily for IVilmington, JV. C, via 
Oareys. Stages leave for Petersburg ; and fur Edenton, JV. C, 

Hampton, on the left bank of James river, contains a court-house, four 
churches, and about 1,'200 inhabitants. Hampton Roads is a safe and 
capacious harbor, sutficiently deep for the largest ships of war, and is 
amply defended by forts Monroe and Calhoun. The channel leading in 
from the Capes of Virginia to Hampton Roads, is reduced at Old Point 




Ckrmfort to a very narrow width. The shoal water, under the action of 
the sea and the reaction of the bar, is kept in an unremitting ripple; 
which circumstance has given to this place the name of the Rip Raps. 
Fort Monroe is an immense fortress, and will mount 335 guns, 130 of 
which are under bomb-proof covers; Fort Calhoun, or the Castle of the 
Rip Raps, is directly opposite to Fort Monroe, at a distance of 1,900 
yards, and will mount 265 guns, most of which will be under cover. The 
beach at Old Point Comfort affords excellent bathing-ground ; this, with a 
fine hotel, and other attractions, cause the place to be much resorted to 
in the summer months. Steamboats arrive from, and depart daily for 
Baltimore; for Washington; for Richmond, and for JVorfolk. 

PETERSBURa is situated on the right hank of Appomattox river, twelve 
miles above its entrance into James river, and 22 miles from Richmond. 
Vessels of light draught come up to its docks. The falls of the river here 
afford extensive water-power. It has a court-house. Masonic-hall, two 
banks, nine churciies, eight ^^-. ^^g,^g^g ^=E=gg5 1 g£i3.^ -_^— ^3; g^j ^^_. 
academies, extensive manu- " ^ 

factories, mills, &c., and; 
about 12,000 inhabitants. Iv 
exports largely flour and to- 
bacco. Blnnford Church, in '' 
the vicinity, is one of the most 
picturesque ruins in the coun- 
try. Cars arrive from, and 
depart daily for Wilmington, 
JV. C. ; for Raleigh ; and for Washington via Richmond. Steamboats 
leave daily for J^Turfolk. Stages leave 3 times a week for TVliite. Sulphur 
Springs via Lynchburg, and for J^Torfolk. 

WiLLi.vMSBURG, the oldest incorporated town in the state, and once 
the capital, is finely situated on a level plain, between York and James 
rivers. It is 58 miles from Richmond, 68 from Norfolk, and contains 3 




J \jr} 



STATli Ob VIRGIiVIA. 




churches, the magazine, the buildings of William and Mary Colleges, the 
Easton Lunatic Asylum, two seminaries, nnd 1,GOO inhahitants. In ihe 
square, fronting the College, stands the statue of Lord Bottetourt, one of 
the colonial governors. It is much mutilated, though sMll presenting a 

sped men of elegant sculpture. 
IVilliinn and Mary College, 
excepting Harvard Universi- 
ty, is the oldest literary in- 
stitution in the Union. It is 
distinguished for the very 
large portion of its gradu- 
ates who have risen to emi- 
nence ; some of whom have 
held the highest stations in 
the Republic. It was founded in 16il-2, in the reign of William and Mary, 
who granted it a donation of 20,000 acres of land. It has a president and 
five professors, 100 students, and 4,000 volumes in its libraries. The com- 
mencement is on the fourth of July. There is a law department in this 
institution. (See route 285.) 

YoRKTowN, on the right bank of York river, 70 miles from Richmond, 
was founded in 1705, and was once a flourishing village ; it has now about 
40 dwellings, many of which are dilapidated and fast going to decay. It 
is memorable as the place where Lord Cornwallis surrendered his forces to 
the combined armies of America and France. 

Fredericksburg, situated on the right bank of Rappahannock river, 
56 miles from Washington, is regularly laid out, and presents a beautiful 
appearance from the heights by which it is surrounded. The falls of the 
river afford good water-power: vessels of 140 tons come up to the foot of 
the falls. It contains a court-house, two banks, an orphan asylum, five 
churches, five academies, and about 4,000 inhabitants. Cars arrire from, 
and depart, daily for Waghington, and fur Richmond. Stages leave 3 
times a iceek for StauntMUvia Charlottesville ; twice a week for Winchester, 
and for Ynrktown. 

Warrenton is a beautiful village 56 miles from Washington. It con- 
tains a court-house, three churches, two academies, and i,400 inhabitants. 
The Fanquier White Sulphur Springs are six miles southwest from 
Warrenton. Tiie improvements are very extensive, and the grounds 
beautifully adorned with shrubbery. The waters are in much repute. 
Stages arrive from, and depart 3 times a week (daily in summer] for 
Washington, and for Fredericksburg. 

Charlottesville is beautifully situated in a fertile valley on the right 
bank of Rivanna river, 83 miles from Richmond. It is handsomely built, 
and contains four churches, an academy, a female seminary, and about 
2,000 inhabitants. It is the seat of the University of Virginia, which was 
planned by Mr. Jefferson. The buildings are arranged on three sides of a 
grassy parallelogram, at the upper end of which stands a large rotunda 
containing the library and lecture-rooms. It has a fine philosophical and 
chemical apparatus, a cabinet, an anatomical museum, and an astronomical 
observatory. The buildings include ten pavilions for the professors, and 
109 dormitories and six hotels for the accommodation of the students. 
The institution went into operation in 1825, and has nine professors, 1,236 
alumni, 200 students, and 16,000 volumes in its libraries. The com- 
mencement is on ihe fourth of July. .Montirrllo, formerly the seat of 
Thomas Jelfersoii, is three miles southeast from Charlottesville. Stages 



STATE OF VIRGINIA. 109 

m eonneetian with railroad cars leave daily for Richmond ; stages daily 
for fVashington, and for JVhite ,'Su/phur Springs : and 3 times a week for 
Predericksburg and for lAinchburg. 

Lynchburg is situated on tlie right bank of James river, 116 miles from 
Richmond, on a steep declivity, and is surrounded by bold and beautiful 
scenery. It contains two banks, three savings banks, eight churches, 15 
classical scliools, a library, 30 tobacco manufactories, several extensive 
flouring-mills, and about 7,000 inhabitants. It is a great tobacco mart, 
and has an extensive mercantile trade. The town is supplied with water 
from the James river, raised by hydraulic power into a reservoir capable 
of containing 400,000 gallons, elevated 253 feet above the river, from 
whence the water is distributed in iron pipes. The James river canal 
extends to Richmond, a distance of 147 miles. Stages leave three times a 
week for Gnyandotte via fVhite Sulphur Springs ; for Abingdon ; for 
Salisbury, JV. C, via Danville ; and for Richmond and Petersburg. 

Farmvillk, situated on the right bank of the Appomattox river. 75 
miles from Richmond, contains three churches, a bank, ten tobacco 
factories, and about 1,400 inhabitants. Ten miles southwest is //amptZen 
Sydney College, founded in 1774, and chartered as a college in 1783. It has 
a president, five professors, 70 students, and 8,000 volumes in its libraries. 
The commencement is on the fourth Wednesday in September. In the 
vicinity of the college is the Union Theological Seminary, founded in 
1824. It has three professors, 20 students, 175 graduates, and 4,000 
volumes in its libraries. Stages leave FarmviUe 3 times a week for Rich- 
mond; for Charlottesville ; for Lynchburg ; and for Petersburg. 

Martinsburg, on the line of tiie Baltimore and Oliio railroad, is 20 
miles from Harper's Ferry. It contains a court-house, 6 churches, two 
academies, and about 1,700 inhabitants. Berkeley Spri?igs, twenty-five 
miles from Martinsburg, are much frequented, and are in high repute. 
The waters are but slightly impregnated with mineral ingredients. 

Harper's Ferry is at thejunctionofthe Shenandoah and Potomac rivers, 
81 miles from Baltimore and 63 from Washington. The scenery here is 
perhaps the most singularly picturesque in America. To attain the ele- 
vation from which the view is taken heading our description of the state 
of Virginia, (see page 104,) rt is necessary to climb the Blue Ridge by a 
narrow winding path immediately above the bank of the Potomac. The 
junction of the two rivers is immediately beneath the spectator's feet ; and 
his delighted eye, resting, first upon the beautiful village of Harper's 
Ferry, wanders over the wide and woody plains extending to the Alle- 
ghany Mountains. (For a particular and masterly description, see Jeffer- 
son's Notes on Virginia.) The village contains a national arsenal and 
armory, four churches, an academy, and about 3,000 inhabitants. In the 
armory are employed about 250 persons, manufacturing 9,000 stand of 
arms annually; and in t'^*" -ircon-ai nro ^t,.r(.A f,.,j,v, «o to 9^^ 'X)0 stand 
of arms. Cars leave daily t r I> t ii i t n ( umberland, and for 
Winchester. 

Charlestown, 8 mile*! ^^___ ^„.-p^,„„,^ 

from Harper's Ferry, oon ^-•^•S- ,^x^ ^.:^22l^ ""^^ "^- 

tains a court-house, a bank ^.l^^^ \ j^^rT"^^^V: "-t-^n 

an academy, 3 churchp> 

and 1,500 inhabitants. The 

Shannondale Springs are_ 

five miles distant from" 

Charlestown, from which stages run daily. The Springs are upon the 




110 STATE OF VIRGINIA. 

Shannondale river, near tlie Blue Ridge. The waters contain sulphate ' 
of lime, carbonate of lime, sulphate of magnegia, muriate of magnesia, 
muriate of soda, sulphate of iron, carbonate of iron, sulphureted hydrogen, 
and carbonic acid They closely reseirible the celebrated Bedford waters • 
in composition, operation, and efficacy. The scenery in the vicinity of 
these springs is varied and picturesque. Cars arrive at Charlestoicn in 7 
hours from Baltimore. 

Winchester is situated in a fertile valley, 113 miles from Baltimore and 
146 from Richmond. The streets are regularly laid out and tlie houses hand- 
somely built. It has a courthouse, lyceuin, Miisonic-hall, \'i churches, 
two banks, a savings institution, an academy, and 3,500 inhabitants. The 
place is supplied with water brought from a spring through iron pipes. 
Jordan^s White Sulphur Springs, 6 miles north from Winchester, have 
lately come into notice. Tiie waters are said to resemble the White 
Sulphur Springs of Greenbrier. Cars arrive from, avd depart daily for 
Baltimore. Stages leave 3 times a wetk for fVashington, for the White 
Sulphur Springs, and also for Parkersburg. 

VVooPSTocK. 62 miles from Harper's Fer-y, on the north branch of the 
Shenandoah river, contains a court-house, an academy, a Masonic-liall, 3 
churches, and 1,000 inhabitants. The Orkney or Yellow Springs are 
about 18 miles from Woodstock. Tiiere are several lively spiinps. the 
waters of which are strongly chalybeate, and have been found beneficial 
for several complaints. (See route 268.) 

Staunton, 207 miles from Baltimore, 102 from Washington, and 120 
from Richmond, is on the head waters of the Shenandoah river. It con- 
tains a court-house, the Western Lunatic Asylum, tiie Virginia Institu- 
tion for tlie Deaf and Dumb and the Blind, two academies, two seminaries, 
4 churches, and 2,200 inhabitants. The Jiiigusta Springs are twelve ■ 
miles NW. of Staunton. The water is strongly impregn.'ited with 
pulphureted hydrogen, and is said to equal the celebrated H.irrowgato 
waters, England. The accommodations for visitors are ample, and tho 
situation is extremely picturesque. The Cyclopean towers, near these 
springs, are among the most wonderful curiosities of Virginia. Weir's 
Cave is 17 miles iNW. of Staunton, in a hill a short distance west of the 
Blue Ridge. " Its dimensions, by the most direct course, are more than 
1,600 feet ; and by more winding putlis, twice that length ; and its objects 
are remarkable for their variety, formation, and beauty. In both respects 
it will, I think, compare, without injury to itself, with the celebrated 
Grotto of Antiparos," Stages arrive and depart 3 times a week for Bal- 
timore via Harper' s Ferry ; for Washington via Charl.ul.tesville, and 
Fredericksburg ; for Richmond, for the White Sulphur Springs, and for 
Knoxvillc, via Fincastle, .Abingdon, Src. (See route 281.) 

The Warm Springs, 57 miles from Staunton, are delightfully situated, 
in a narrow and fertile valley, between two mountain ranges. Besides 
the county buildings and the elegant hotels, tlicre are but few dwellings. 
The waters of the Warm Springs aftbrd the most lu.xurious bathing in 
the world ; they contain neutral salts, and various gases, which act as a 
gentle aoerient, diuretic and sudorific, and give tone and vigor to the 
system. The Hot Springs are five miles from the Warm, in the same 
beautiful valley with the latter. The waters of the Hot Springs contain 
nitrogen and carbonic acid, carbonate of lime, sulphate of lime, sulphate 
of soda, sulphate of magnesia, muriate of soda, silica, and a trace of 
oxide of iron. (See route 281.) 



STATE OF VIRGINIA. 



Ill 







Thl U hue Sli Pin ii Si'risgs, the mott celebrated wntering place of 
Virginia, are Mtudted 229 mile^ troin Richmond, on the v\e>tern dechvity of 
the Alleghany mountains, in an extensive valley, as picturesque as fancy ever 
sketched upon the lap of nature. The spring discharges 18 gallons of 
water per minute, at a uniform temperature of 60° of Fahrenheit. It con- 
tains sulphate of lime, sulphate of soda, carbonate of magnesia, chloride 
of calcium, sulpho-hydrate of sodium, carbonate of lime, chloride of 
sodium, per-oxide of iron, organic niiitter, iodine, sulphate of magnesia, 
phosphate of lime, and precipitated sulphur, with the following gases — 
carbonic acid, sulphureted hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. It is very 
efficacious in dyspepsia, liver complaints, jaundice, gout, rheumatism, 
diseases of the skin, and various other complaints. The accommodations 
for visitors are elegant, and sufficiently extensive for 1,500 persons ; while 
the fountain, walks, and grounds are tastefully arranged. The Blue Sulphur 
Springs are twenty-two miles west, in a valley surrounded on three sides by 
mountains, presenting wild and picturesque scenery. The buildings are 
of brick, and sufficient to entertain commodiously 400 persons. The 
water is similar to the White Sulphur, and the supply abundant. The 
Sweet Springs are situated in a wide and beautiful valley, 18 miles from 
the White Sulphur and 29 from Fincastle. The waters contain sulphate 
of magnesia, muriate of soda, muriate of lime, sulphate of lime, carbon- 
ate of magnesia, carbonate of lime, and silicious earth. About a mile 
north of the Sweet Springs is the Red Spring of jilleghany. Tho 
waters are said to be peculiarly efficacious in rheumatic complaints. The 
Salt Sulphur Springs are twenty-five miles from the White Sulphur, and 
three from the village of Union, on Indian Valley creek. There are three 
springs— viz., the Sweet, the Salt Sulphur, and the New Spring. The 
last contains a large portion of iodine, and is highly beneficial for scrofula, 
and those affections for which iodine is given. The two first are some- 
what alike in their properties. The Salt Sulphur contains sulphate of 
lime, sulphate of magnesia, sulphate of soda, carbonate of lime, carbon- 
ate of magnesia, ciiloride of sodium, chloride of magnesium, chloride 
of calcium, iodine, (probably combined with sodium,) sulpho-hydrate of so- 
dium and magnesium, sulphur, mingled with a peculiar organic matter, 
peroxide of iron derived from protosulphate, sulphureted hydrogen, 
nitrogen, oxygen, and carbonic acid. The temperature is 50^ Fahren- 
heit. The Red Sulphur Springs are situated on Indian creek, 40 miles 
from the White Sulphur, 16 miles from the Salt Sulphur. Tho water is 
clear and cool — its temperature being 54° Fahrenheit — is strongly charged 
with sulphureted hydrogen gas. and contains portions of several neutral 
salts. Stages leave the fVhite Sulphur Sprivgs three times a week for 
Washington via Charlottesville ; for Baltimore via Winchester ; for 
Richmond via Lynchburg ; for Guy andotte ; and for Knoxville, Tenn. 

Lexington is situated on an elevated bank on the west side of North 



LIZ STATE OF VIRGINIA. 

river, a branch of James river, 146 miles from Richmond, and 32 from 
Staunton. It contains a neat court-house, 4 churches, the buildings of 
Washington College, and the Military Institution, a classical school, the 
Ann Smith Female Academy, and 1,200 inhabitants. Washington Col- 
lege, endowed in 1796 by the immortal Washington, and founded in 1812, 
has a president and five professors, or other instructors, 126 alumni, 136 
students, and 2,700 volumes in its libraries. The commencement is on 
the last Thursday in June. Tho Virginia Military Institute, on the plan 
of the school at West Point, has 3 professors and 60 cadets. Fourteen 
miles southeasterly from Lexington is the Natural Bridge, a curiosity 
of surpassing grandeur. The mean height of the bridge from the stream 
to its upper surface is 21 5i ft. ; its average width is 80 ft., its length 93 ft. — 
thickness of the arch 55 ft.— span of the arch 90 ft. (See route 299.) 

FiNCASTLK. pleasantly situated on the southeast declivity of Catawba 
valley, 175 miles from Richmond, contains a court-house, two academies, 
4 churches, and 700 inhabitants. The Bottetourt Springs, twelve miles 
from Fincastle, are much frequented, and the improvements are sufficient 
to accommodate a large number of visitors. The waters contain sulphur, 
magnesia, carbonic acid gas, &c. Daggers'' Springs are 18 miles from 
Fincastle. The most active mineral ingredients in the water are carbona- 
ted alkalies. There are good accommodations for visitors, and the neigh- 
borhood abounds in picturesque scenery. Stages leave Fincastle 3 times 
weekly for Lynchburg ; for Winchester : for Guyandotte via (Vhite Sul- 
phur Springs ; and for Union via Sweet Springs. 

Wytheville, 252 miles from Richmond, contains four churches and 
about 700 inhabitants. Grayson Sulphur Springs, 20 miles from Wythe- 
ville, are situated on the bank of New river, surrounded by scenery of a 
remarkably wild and picturesque character. The waters contain carbon- 
ate of soda, carbonate of magnesia, carbonate of lime, sulphate of lime, 
sulphate of magnesia, chloride of sodium, chloride of calcium, chloride 
of magnesium, sulphate of soda, &c. (See route 303.) 

Abingdon, situated between the forks of Holston river, 8 miles north 
of the Tennessee line, is the most considerable and flourishing town in 
SW^. Virginia. Here are a court-house, two academies, four churches, 
several manufacturing establishments, and about 1,200 inhabitants. 
Emory and Henry College, founded in 1838, by the Methodist Episcopal 
Church, is ten miles from the village It has a president, two professors, 
one tutor, 125 students, and 2,800 volumes in its libraries. The com- 
mencement is on the last Wednesday in June. The Chilhowee Sulphur 
■Springs are within 18 miles of Abingdon. Stages leave Mingdon 
3 times a week for Lynchburg, for Winchester, and for Knoxville, Tenn, 

EsTiLLviLLE, situated near the Clinch river, is a small village of 
about 60 dwellings, one church, and a court-house. Four miles from it 
are the Holston Springs, the waters of which possess highly medicinal 
properties, and are very similar to the White Sulphur. Ths uniform 
temperature of the water is 68p, which renders it a natural medicated 
bath of tiie most agreeable degree of beat. The J^"atural Tunnd is twelve 
miles west from the village. The passage through the mountain is about 
450 feet in length. A stream of water passes through it and a stage-road 
over it. The entrance on the upper side of the ridge is in a high degree 
imposing and picturesque ; but on the lower side the grandeur of the 
Bcene is greatly heightened by the superior magnitude of the clifFs. which 
rise perpendicularly more than 300 feet. Stages leave 3 times a week for 
the White Sulphur Springs, and for Cumberland Gap, Tenn. 



STATE OF VIRGINIA. 113 

Wkllsburo, on the left bank of the Oliio river. 87 miles from Pitts- 
burg, contains a court-liouse, 5 churches, 2 academies, a bank, several 
extensive factories, and 2,000 inhabitants. Bethany is eight miles east 
from Wellsburg. It has a few dwellings and the buildings of Bethany 
Colkgt This nistitution lids a president, 4 protcssors, and 100 students. 




Whueung is situateu on me lett oanK ot Ohio nver, at tne rnouih of 
Wheeling creek, 104 miles below Pittsburg by the river, and is surrounded 
by bbid and precipitous hills, containing vast quantities of bituminous 
coal. It contains a handsome court-house, two academies, two banks 
and a savings institution, 12 churches, a theatre, the Wheeling Institute, 
a Masonic-hall, a large number of mills and factories, and 8.000 inhabi- 
tants. The city is well supplied with water, raised from the Ohio river. 
Steamboats leave daily for Cincinnati, S'c. (See route 6-20.) Stagfs in 
convection with railroad cars leave daily for Baltimore, {fare $11.) 
Stages arrive from, and depart dail / for Pittsburg ; for Cincinnati ; for 
Maysville, Ky. ; and also for St ^^oiiis, via Columbus, Ohio, Indianapn 
lis, la., and Terr e- Haute; three times a week for Ashtabula ; for Cleve- 
land; for Sandusky ; and twice a week for Marietta, Ohio. 

Elizabeth, 12 miles below Wheeling, on the left bank of the Ohio 
river, contains a court-house and a few dwellings. Here, scattered over 
a large plain, are very extensive ancient tumuli, consisting of one main 
mound 116 feet high and 400 yards in circumference, surrounded by a 
ditch, and encompassed by other similar but smaller mounds. 

Parkersburg is situated on the north side of Little Kanawha river, at 
its junction witli Ohio river, 209 miles, by the river, below Pittsburg. It 
has a court-house, a hank, 4 churches, and about 1,200 inhabitants, and is 
a flourishing village. Two miles below, in the Ohio, is Blunnerhassefs 
Island, a beautifully wooded spot, celebrated as the residence of Mr. 
Blanneriiasset. Stages leave 3 times a week for Baltimore, via Win Chester. 

Point Pleasant is situated on the left bank of the Ohio river, at the 
mouth of Great Kanawha river, 296 miles below Pittsburg by the course 
of the river. It is on the site of one of the bloodiest battles ever fought 
with the Indians in Virginia, which took place Oct. 10th, 1774. The 
village contains a court-house, two churches, and about 500 inhabitants. 
Steamboats arrive from, and depart daily for Pittsbnrg and for Cin- 
cinnati. Stages three times a week for the White Sulphur Springs, i^c. 

GuYANDOTTE lies On the left bank of the Ohio river, at the entrance of 
Guyandotte river, 337 miles below Pittsburg. It is the most important 
point of steamboat embarkation and debarkation in Western Virginia, 
with the exception of Wheeling, and is rapidly growing in importance in 
this respect. It contains a church and about 800 inhabitants. Stages 
leave 3 times a week for Richmond, for Washington, and for Baltimore 
via the White Sulphur Springs. 



114 



STATE OF OHIO. 





♦ » ji'fcS "^ * . OfMO 1k> b(U\f.n lat <f-^ U) \ uil 42° jN and 
-\^%]?^* between HO" io and 84 47 V\ Ion It i» 210 iniled 
^^{lV -^' long trom north to south, and 200 miles broad; con- 
T; taining 40,000 square miles. The population in 1840, 

was 1,519,467, making it the third in population in the 

United States. 
The land in the interior of the state, and bordering 

on Lake Erie, is generally level, and in some places 

marshy. From one-quarter to one-third of the state, 
comprehending the eastern and southeastern parts, bordering on the Ohio 
river, is generally hilly and broken, but in no part mountainous. On the 
margin of the Ohio river, and several of its tributaries, are alluvial lands 
of great fertility. The valleys of the Scioto and the Great and Little 
Miami, are the most extensive sections of level, rich, and fertile lands in 
the state. At the head of the Muskingum river are prairies of considera- 
ble extent, some of which are wet, though generally dry and fertile. The 
height of land which divides the waters which fall into the Ohio from 
those which fall into Lake Erie, is the most marshy of any in the state; 
while tlie land on the margin of the rivers is generally dry. Wheat may 
be regarded as the staple production of the state, though Indian corn and 
other grains are largely cultivated. 

The Oliio river, wliich gives name to the state, washes its entire southern 
border. This river is 1,004 miles long, from Pittsburg to its mouth, 
by its various windings, thougli it is only 614 in a direct line. Its cur- 
rent is gentle, with no falls excepting at Louisville, Kentucky, , where 
there is a descent of 22^ feet in two miles, (which is obviated by a canal.) 
For about half the year it is navigable for steamboats of a large class 
through its whole course. The Muskingum, the largest river which flows 
entirely in this state, is formed by tlie junction of the Tuscarawas and 
VVal bonding rivers, and enters the Ohio at Marietta. It is navigable for 
boats JOG miles. The Scioto, the second river in magnitude, flowing en- 
tirely within the slate, is about 200 miles long, and enters the Ohio at 
Portsmouth. Its largest branch is the Whetstone, or Olentangy, which 
joins it immediately above Columbus; it is navigable for boats 130 miles. 
The Great Miami, a rapid river in tlie western part of the state, is 100 
miles long, and enters the Ohio in the SW. corner of the state. The 
Little Miami has a course of 70 miles, and enters the Ohio seven miles 
above Cincinnati. The Maumee, 100 miles long, rises in Indiana, runs 
through the northwest part of the state, and enters Lake Erie at Maumee 
bay. It is navigable for steamboats to Perryshurg, 18 miles from the lake, 
and above the rapids is beatable for a considerable distance. The San- 
dusky rises in the northern part of the state, and after a course of about 
80 miles, enters Sandusky bay, and thence into Lake Erie. The Cuyahoga 



STATE OF OHIO. 



115 



rises in the nortli part of the state, and, after a curved course of 60 miles, 
enters Lake Erie at Cleveland. It has a number of falls which furnish 
valuable mill-seats. Besides these, there are Huron, Vermilion, Black, 
Grand, and Ashtabula rivers, which fall into Lake Erie. 

The governor is elected by the people for two years. The senators are 
chosen biennially, and are apportioned according to the number of 
male white inhabitants over 21 years of age. Tlie number can never 
be less than one-third, nor more than one-half the number of the repre- 
sentatives. The representatives are apportioned aiuong the counties 
according to tiie number of inhabitants over 21 years of age, and there 
can never be more than 72 nor less than 36.— The judges of the Supreme 
Court and other courts are elected by the joint-ballot of the legislature, 
for the term of seven years. — The right of suffrage is enjoyed by nil white 
male citizens over 21 years of age, who have resided in the state one 
year next preceding the election, and who have paid or been assessed 
with a state or county tax. 

Literary Institutions : — The University of Ohio, at Athens ; the Miami 
University, at Oxford ; Franklin College, at New Athens ; the Western 
Reserve College, at Hudson; Granville College, at Granville; Oberlin 
Collegiate Institute, at Oberlin ; Cincinnati College, at Cincinnati ; Kenyon 
College, at Gambier ; Marietta College, at Marietta; Willoughly Uni- 
versity, at Willoughly ; Lane Theological Seminary, at Cincinnati. 
There are also theological departments in Kenyon, Western Reserve, 
and Granville colleges, and in the Oberlin Institute ; a Lutheran Theologi- 
cal School at Columbus ; two medical and one law^school at Cincinnati. 
There are in the state 75 academies and .5,200 common schools. 

The first permanent settlement in Ohio was made in 1788, at Marietta. 
In 1802 Ohio was admitted into the Union. 



ir-^. 





Cincinnati, the largest city in the 
state, is situated on the right bank of 
the Ohio river, 455 miles below Pittsburg, and 1,548 above New Orleans. 
It is the largest city of the west, north of New Orleans, and the sixth 
in population in the United States. Population in 1840, 46,338; in 
184.5, 

The city is near the eastern extremity of a valley of about 12 miles in 
circumference, surrounded by beautiful hills which rise to the height of 
300 feet by gentle slopes, which are mostly covered by trees. It is built on two 
table-lands, the one from 40 to 60 feet higher than the other. The upper 
plain of Cincinnati is 25 feet below the level of Lake Erie. The shore at 
the landing-place is paved to low-water mark, and supplied with floating 
wharves adapted to the great rise and fall of water in the river.— The 
central part of the city is compactly and finely built with spacious ware- 
houses, stores, and dwellings, generally of brick. Many of the streets are 
well paved and extensively planted with shade trees. The climate is 
variable, but is considered healthy. 

Cincinnati contains many literary and charitable institutions. The 



116 STATE OF OHIO. i 

Cincinnati College, founded in 1819, has fine grounds and a valuable 
building in the centre of the city. It has a president, 7 professors or 
other instructors, and IGO students. The commencement is on the lasfci 
Monday in June. Woodward College has a president, tive professors orl 
other instructors, 20 students, and 800 volumes in its libraries. St. Xavierj 
College, founded in 1840, under the direction of the Roman Catholics,! 
has a president and other instructors, about 100 students, and from 4 to; 
5,000 volumes in its libraries. Lane Seminary, a Presbyterian Theological! 
Institution, opened in 1833, and located at Walnut Hills, two miles from 
the city, has 3 professors, 62 students, and 10,300 volumes in its hbraries. 
Its anniversary is on the second Wednesday in June. The Medical Col- 
lege of Ohio, chartered and placed under a board of trustees in 1825, ha» 
large and commodious buildings, with lecture-rooms. &c. It has seven 
professors, and over 2,000 volumes in its libraries. Its apparatus in, 
anatomy, comparative anatomy, surgery, chemistry, and materia medica, 
is very complete. The lectures commence on the lirst Monday in Novem-' 
ber, annually. Its students, who number 130, have access to the Com- 
mercial Hospital to witness operations and the treatment of patients byj 
the faculty. The Cincinnati Law-school is connected with the Cincinnati, 
College, and has 3 professors and 25 students. The Mechanics' Institute! 
was chartered in 18-J8 for the Instruction of Mechanics, by lectures, fee, I 
in the Arts and Sciences. It has a valuable philosophical and cliemical 
apparatus, a library, and a reading-room. The Hall of the Institute ia 
situated on Third-street, and contains an ample number of rooms, one of 
which is devoted to the Western Academy of Natural Sciences. An 
annual fair for encouraging Arts and Manufactures is held in another of< 
the rooms, commencing on the third Monday in June. — The common or, 
free schools are of a high order ; nine of them have buildings three storiesj 
high, with various apparatus, 60 teachers, and about 4,000 scholars. Aj 
college of teachers was established in 1821, for advancing the interests ofl 
schools in the Mississippi valley. The Young Men's Mercantile Libraryl 
Association has a library of 1,400 volumes and a reading-room. The! 
Apprentices' Library, founded in 1821, contains 2,200 volumes. ! 

The charitable institutions of the city are highly respectable. Therei 
are two Roman Catholic asylums, and the Cincinnati Orphan Asylum.; 
The Commercial Hospital and Lunatic Asylum of Ohio, incorporated in i 
1821, has accommodations for 250 persona ; a part of the establishment ia\ 
appropriated as a poorhouse. 

There are 40 churches, a court-house, 4 markets, a United States Land- 
office, a theatre, and a museum. The city is supplied with water raisedi 
from the Ohio river by steam-power. A large water-power is obtained] 
by the s\irplus water of the Miami canal, and manufacturing is carried onl 
extensively. By means of canals, railroads, and macadamized turnpikes,] 
Cincinnati enjoys great facilities for internal communication. The Miami' 
canal extends to, and unites with the Wabash and Erie canal. Thes 
Whitewater canal extends to Cambridge, 70 miles. , 

Cincinnati was founded in 1789. and chartered as a city in 1819. ! 

Steambunts leave daily for Pittsburg ; for St. Louis ; fur J^cw Orleans, 
and the intermediate places. Cuj-s leave daily far Springjicld, cannectinff' 
with lines of stages for Columbus, Zanesville, Wheeling ; for Cleveland, 
and for Sandusky city. Stages leave daily for Dayton ; for St. Lemia 
via Indianapolis; 3 times a week for ChilHcothe, and for Lancaster ; 
twice a week for J^ashville via Lexington ; and also for KiwzvUlt ' 
Tenn. Fare to Mew Orleans, from $12 to 20. (See route 620.) 



STATE OF OHIO. 117 

Columbus, the capital of the state, is situated on the left bank of 
Scioto river, immediately below the junction of Olentangy or Whetstone 
river, 142 miles from Cleveland, and 127 from Cincinnati. It is regularly 
laid out, with streets crossing each other at right angles. In the centre of 
the city is a public square of 10 acres, handsomely enclosed. A bridge 
across Scioto river connects it with Franklinton. 

Upon the southwest corner of the public square stands the State House, 
fronting the west, a brick edifice with two elevated stories, 75 feet long 
by 50 wide, with a handsome cupola, the top of the spire of which is ele- 
vated 106 feet aliove the ground, and from the balcony of which a beauti- 
ful view is presented of the city, the winding Scioto, and of tlie surround- 
ing country. It contains a Representatives' Hall on the lower floor, and 
a Senate-chamber immediately above. Near it stands a building for the 
public officers of the state. The State Penitentiary is an elegant and sub- 
Btantial edifice, half a mile north of Broad-street, The Asylum for the 
Deaf and Dumb stands half a mile east of the State-house. The State 
Lunatic Asylum is on Broad-street, east of the State-house. The Institu- 
tion for the Blind is situated near the asylums. The Theological Semi- 
nary of the German Lutherans is on elevated ground, three-fourths of a 
mile south of the State-house. 

Columbus has 12 churches, many of which are very elegant buildings. 
A canal eleven miles long connects it with the Ohio canal at Lockbourne. 
Columbus was incorporated as a city in 1834. Stages leave daily for 
fVheeling, Va. ; for Civcinnati, and for Portsmouth ; three times a week 
for Cleveland ; and for Sandusky City. 

Zanesville is beautifully situated on the left bank of Muskingum 
river, opposite the mouth of Licking river, 73 miles from Wheeling. 
The National road runs through it, and crosses the Muskingum by a fine 
bridge. The village contains an elegant court-house, a market house, two 
academies, an atheneum with a reading-room, a cabinet of minerals, and 
a library of 9,000 volumes, a juvenile lyceum with a reading-room and 
library, a bank. 9 churches, several extensive flouring-mills and ironworks, 
and 4,766 inhabitants — including the suburbs, 7,000. From this place the 
Muskingum, by dams and locks, has been made navigable to its mouth 
on the Ohio. The site of the town was granted to Ebenezer Zane, by 
Congress, as a reward for opening a bridle track from Wheeling to Mays- 
ville. The village was laid out and the first cabin built in 1799. Stages 
leave daily for Maysville, Ky. ; for Cincinnati, and for Wheeling ; three 
times a week for Marietta, and for Cleveland via MassiUon. 

Cambridge is situated on the east side of Wills creek, a branch of the 
Muskingum river, over which is a fine bridge. It contains a courthouse, 
an academy, 4 churches, and 2,(i00 inhabitants. (See route 275.) 

St. Clairsville occupies an elevated situation on the National road, 
116 miles from Cincinnati, and 11 from Wheeling, and contains six 
churches, a court-house, a bank, an academy, and 2,000 inhabitants. 
Stages pass daily from IVheelivg and from Columbus. 

Marietta, named in honor of the unfortunate Maria Antoinette, is 
pleasantly situated on the Muskingum river, at its entrance into Ohio 
river, 196 miles below Pittsburg, Population 875. It is neatly built and 
contains a court-house, a United States Land-office, 5 churches, a bank, a 
lyceum, a female academy, a public library, and the Marietta Collegiate 
Institute, founded in 1832. The Institute has 7 professors or other in- 
structors, 50 students, and 3,.')00 volumes in its libraries. Manual labor is 
connected with it. The commencement is on the last Wednesday in 



118 



STATE OF OHIO. 




July. Steamboats pass daily from Pittsburg, Cincinnati, <S-c., (5-c. | 
Stages leave t/iree times a week for ZancsvUle, and twice a week for 
IVheeling, Va. 

Athens is prettily situated on the left bank of the Hocking river, 73 ' 

miles from Columbus, and ' 
contains a court-house, 3 | 
churches, the buildings of - 
the Ohio University, an acad- 
.emy, and 800 inhabitants. 
Tke Ohio University was j 
Mounded in 1819, and en- 
^(i()wed with two townships j 
vofhind. It has 8 professors, ; 
149 alumni, 1G6 students, ' 
and 2,500 volumes in its libraries. The commencement is on the first 
Wednesday in August. Stages leave 3 times a week for Columbus via 
Z,ancaster. i 

Gallipolis has a pleasant situation on the right bank of Ohio river, 
on elevated ground, 300 miles, by river, from Pittsburg. It contains a j 
court-house, two churches, a bank, an academy, and about 600 inhabi- j 
tants. An ancient mound lies near the village. Steamboats pass daily • 
from Pittsburg and Cincinnati. 

CiRCLKviLLE Hes on the left bank of Scioto river, 97 miles from Cin- 
cinnati. The village contains an elegant court-house, 6 public offices, 5 ' 
churches, a bank, an academy, and about 2,000 inhabitants. The Ohio 
canal passes through the place, and crosses the river in a fine aqueduct, ] 
and there is here an extensive water-power. Within the limits of tha | 
town are two mounds or tumuli, one of which is square, and the other' 
of Q circular form ; from the latter the place derives its- name. 

Chillicothe, once the capital of the state, is handsomely situated on '. 
the right bank of Scioto river, 98 miles from Cincinnati. The village is j 
built between Paint creek on the south and the Scioto on the north, the j 
streams being three-fourths of a mile apart. It has a court-house, two i 
markets, a United States Land-office, a bank, 4 churches, two academies, ] 
and 4,000 inhabitants. The Ohio canal passes through it. Near the | 
village is a hill from which a fine view is obtained. In the vicinity, on 
Paint creek, and even on what is now occupied by the town, formerly 
stood several ancient tumuli, or mounds. St.nges pass through daily 
for Zanesville ; for Columbus ; for Portsmouth ; and for Maysville, Ky. 

Portsmouth is situated on the right bank of the Ohio river, at the en- j 
trance of the Scioto river, 105 miles above Cincinnati. The Ohio canal, 
which connects Lake Erie with the Ohio river, terminates at this place. ^ 
The village contains a court-house, 5 churches, a bank, and about 2,000 
inhabitants. Here are a number of mills and manufactories. Iron ore 
and coal abound in the vicinity. The town is supplied with water from 
the Oliio river, raised by steam-power. Steamboats pass daily for Whf-d- 
ing, Pittsburg, (S-c, and for Cincinnati. Stages leave daily for Columbus. 

Steiibenville is situated on the west bank of the Ohio river, 80 miles \ 
below Pittsburg, by the river, and is regularly laid out. It contains a ] 
courthouse, an elegant town-house, a bank, two academies, 6 churches, j 
several extensive manufacturing establishments, and 3. .500 inhabitants, j 
Stages leave daily for Pittsburg ; three times a week for IVashington. 
Pa. : for Cambridge ; and for Canton ; and twice a week for Dover , 
(See route 620.) i 



STATE OF OHIO. 



iiy 




Lll'-:.--i* 




New Lisbon, situated on a branch of Little Beaver river, 59 miles from 
Pittsburg, contains a court-iiouse, a bank, 6 churches, several manufac- 
tories, and about 2,000 inhabitants. 

Painksville is situated on elevated ground, on the left bank of Grand 
river, three miles from Lake Erie and 29 from Cleveland. It has a court- 
house, 4 churches, an academy, a bank, and 1,500 inhabitants. Fairport, 
two miles north, is near the mouth of Grand river where there is a goud 
liiirbor. WiLLOUQHBY. II miles southwest from Painesville, contains the 
Willoiighby Medical College, two churches, and 700 inhabitants. Tho 
College, chartered in 1834, has 9 professors and 126 students. Tho 
lectures commence on the last Monday in October. Stages leave Paines- 
ville da ill/ fur Buffalo via Erie ; and for Cleveland. 

Cleveland is situated on nn elpvutcd phiin nt the entrance nf Cnyahoga 
river into Lake Erie, 
195 miles from Buf- 
falo. Its harbor i-=^-^: 
one of the best on ^c^ 
the lake, spacious"^^' 
and safe. The citj 
is regularly laid out 
and near its centre; 
is a large publi 
square. The bluff on wliicti it i>> built is 80 teet above the level of the 
lake, from which an extensive and beautiful view is obtained, overlook- 
ing the ineandering> of the Cuy.ihoga, the bhipping in the harbor, and the 
passing vessels on the lake. The city contains a court-house, a bank, a 
lyceum, a reading-room, five academies, twelve churches, and about 
9,000 inhiibitants. The Ohio canal terminates here. The Medical De- 
partment of the Western Reserve College, founded in 1844, has seven 
professors and 111 students. The lectures commence on the first VVednes- 
dny in November. The Western Reserve College is at Hudson, 24 miles 
Bouthenst from Cleveland. The village contains several churches and 
about 1,000 inhabitants. The College, founded in 1826, has a president, 
5 professors, 82 alumni, 62 students, 6,500 volumes in its libraries, and an 
extensive philosophical apparatus. The commencement is on the second 
Wednesday in August. Steamboats arrive from, and depart dnily for 
Buffalo ; and for Detroit, <S-c. Stages leave daily for Buffalo via Erie, 
Pa. : for Toledo via Sandusky ; and for Pittsburi^, Pa. ; three times 
ft tcerk for Zanesvillc via ./Ihron, Massillon, &-c. Canal boats leave daily 
for Portsmouth and the intermediate places. (For route see canals in Ohio.) 

Akron is situated on the Ohio canal, 38 miles from Cleveland. Tiie 
canal, i)y a succession of locks, rises to the Portage summit. From the 
•waste water of the canal, and from the Little Cuyahoga, an immense 
water-power has been created. The village contains a court-house, five 
churches, an academy, several extensive manufacturing establishments, 
and 2,000 inhabitants. Stages leave 3 times a icerkfor Cleveland. 

Cuyahoga Falls is on the Cuyahoga river, five miles from Akron. 
The river here passes through a deep channel in the rocks, and by succes- 
sive cascades falls in a short distance 240 feet, causing an immense water- 
power, which has been made e.xtensively available. The village has four 
churches, a lyceum, an academy, and about 1,000 inhabitants. 

Massillon, situated on the left bank of the Tuscarawas river, and 
on the Ohio canal, contains a bank, three churches, and about 1,500 
inhabitants. 




120 STATE OF OHIO. 

Coshocton is situated on the left bank of the Muskingum river, and 
contains 3 cliurches, a courthouse, and about 500 inhabitants. 

Newark, 39 miles from Columbus, is on the Ohio canal. It has a 
court-liouse, two academies, 9 churches, and about 3,000 inhabitants. 
Gh-anviile, 7 miles from Newark, contains 5 churches. 3 seminaries, and 
about 1,000 inhabitants. Granville College, one mile east of the village, 
was founded in 1832, and has a president, 4 professors, 25 students, and 
3,000 volumes in its libraries. The commencement is on the 2d Wednesday 
in August. Stages leave fur Zanesville via JVewark 3 times a week. 
Mt. Vernon, situated on Owl creek, a branch of Muskingum river, 51 

miles from Columbus, con- 
tains a court-house, ten 
churches, several manu- 
facturing establishments, 
and two thousand five hun- 
dred inhabitants. Gam- 
bier, five miles from Mt. 
Vernon, is the seat of 
Kemion Collepe, loundod in lri26, (under tlie direction of the Episco- 
palians,) whuh has a pre-idtnt, 7 protes-ors, 115 alumni, 57 students, 
and 8,750 volumfs in its hbr.irits The Milage contains 2 churches, an 
academy, and 300 inhabitunts. Stages leave Mt. Vernon^ times a week 
for Cleveland ; and also for Columbus. 

WoosTER, situated on Killbuck creek, 93 miles from Columbus, con- 
tains a court-liouse, a United States Land-oflice, 7 churches, a bank, an 
academy, and 2,000 inhabitants. Stages leave 3 times a week for Pitts- 
burg, Pa. ; for Cleveland ; for Sandusky City ; for Cincinnati via Colum- 
bus ; and fur Zanesville. 

Elyria, ] 16 miles north from Columbus, and 24 west from Cleveland, is 
pleasantly situated on a plain between the two branches of Black river, 
which unite half a mile below the village, and each of which has a 
perpendicular fall of about 40 feet on opposite sides of the village, af- 
fording extensive water-power. It contiiins a court-house, two churches, 
an academy, several manufactories, and 1,000 inhabitants. Stages leave 
daily for Cleveland, and fur Toledo. 

Oberlin, 8 miles from Elyria, is the seat of Oberlin Collegiate Institute, 
which embraces a male and female department, botii on the manual- 
labor system. It was founded in 1834, and has a president, 9 professors 
or other instructors, and 70 students. Stages arrive from, and depart for 
Elyria daily. 

Mansfield is 63 miles from Columbus and 69 from Sandusky. It is 
prettily situated on elevated ground, and has a court-house, 6 churches, an 
academy, and 1,800 inhabitants. Cars arrive from, and depart daily for 
Sandusky. Stages leave 3 times a week for Culumbus ; for Tf'ooster ; 
and for Bucyrus. 

Sandusky City is situated on the south side of Sandusky bay, 3 milea 
distant from Lake Erie, and .57 miles from Cleveland. During the sum- 
mer months it is enlivened by the commerce and travel of the lakes, giving 
it a bustling appearance. It is a rapidly improving town, and contains five 
fine churches, an academy, and about 2,000 inhabitants. Immense 
quantities of superior building-stone are quarried here. Cars leave daily 
for Cincinnati via Springfield, <$-c. ; and also for Mansfield. Sta^e^i 
leave for Cleveland and for Toledo; 3 times a week for Wooster. 
Toledo is situated on the left bank of Maumee river, near its entrance 



into Maumee bay, 130 miles from Cleveland. The village contains be- 
tween two and three thousand inhabitants, and since the completion of 
the Wabash and Erie canal, it is rapidly growing into importance. A 
great number of steamboats, canal boats,- and vessels on the lake are 
constantly arriving here and departing. Cars arrive from, and de- 
part daily for Hillsdale, Mich. , via Jldrian. Stages leave for Cleveland, 
and canal packets for La Fayette, la.; and also for Cincinnati. 

Maumke City, on the left bank of Maumee river, contains a court- 
house, 5 churches, and 1,200 inhabitants. The water-power is inexiiausti- 
ble, and already gives motion to several mills and manufactories. Perrys- 
burg, nearly opposite to Maumee City, contains a court-house, live 
churches, and about 1,000 inhabitants. (See route 307.) , 

Bellkfontaink (named from the fine springs of limestone water with 
which it is supplied) is 118 miles north of Cincinnati. It has a court- 
house, several churches, an academy, and 800 inhabitants. Stages leave 
daily for Cincinnati ; and for Sandusky City. 

Springfield, situated on the left bank of Mad river, 85 miles from 
Cincinnati, has a court-house, several churches, two academies, several 
extensive mills and manufactories, and 2,500 inhabitants. Cars arrive 
from, and depart daily for Cincinnati : stages daily for Wheeling, Va. ; 
for Cleveland ; for Sandusky City ; and for Indianapolis. 

Yellow Springs is 9 miles S. from Springfield. It is much resorted to 
as a watering-place, having a commodious hotel and numerous cottages, 
spread over green lawns and amidst deliglitful groves. The waters are 
strongly impregnated with sulphur, and possess valuable medicinal proi>- 
erties. 

Xenia is pleasantly situated on a branch of Little Miami river, and 
contains a court-house, 8 churches, and about 1,400 inhabitants. Cars 
arrive from, and depart daily for Cincinnati ; stages for Columbus; and 
also for Sandusky City ; three times a iceek for the Yellow Springs. 

Sidney is situated on the west branch of the Great Miami river, 106 
miles from Cincinnati, and contains a court-house, 6 churches, an 
academy, and 1,000 inhabitants. Stages leave daily for Cincinnati. 

Dayton is situated on the left bank of Great Miami river, just below 
its junction with Mad river, 52 miles from Cincinnati. It is regularly laid 
out, with spacious streets. The city contains a court-house and county 
offices, a banking-house, a market-house, two academies, a female semi- 
nary, 12 churches, and about 9,000 inhabitants. There are a number of 
extensive mills and factories. The Miami canal passes through the 
place. Stages leave daily for Cincinnati, for Odumbus, for Indianapolis, 
la., and for Sydney. 

Hamilton, situated on the left bank of Great Miami river, 23 miles 
from Cincinnati, has a court-house, 5 churches, a bank, a female seminary, 
and 1,800 inhabitants. Stages leave daily for Cincinnati and for 
Dayton. 

Oxford, 12 miles from Hamilton, is situated on a branch of Great 
Miami river. The village contains the building of Miami University, 
several churches, an academy, and about 800 inhabitants. The University 
was founded in 1809, and endowed by the Congress of the United States 
with 30 square miles of land ; it now yields an annual income of $4,500, 
and is constantly increasing. This institution has a president, 5 pro- 
fessors, 309 alumni, 105 students, and 4,500 volumes in ita libraries. Stages 
lea»e'3 times a week fur Cincinnati; and fur Indianapolis. 
6 



RAILROAD, STAGE, AND STEAMBOAT ROUTES, , 

THROUGH i 

THE CENTRAL STATES. 1 



(206) F'm N.York TO 

Philadelphia, 
Via JVewark (S,- 
ton, J\r. J. 



Tren- 



Steamboat.. 

To Jersey City ... 

JV. Jersey RR. 

Newark 

Elizabethtown ... 
Rahway 


S 
5 


1 

9 
14 

19 
27 
31 


Metuchiii 

NewBrunsw'ick 



Trenton &,■ JV. Bruns- 
wick Railroad. 

Kingston 141 45 

Princeton depot. . 4 49 

Trenton ilol 59 

Philadelphia <S'- Trentcn 
Railroad. 



Morrisville, Pa. . , 

Bristol 

Steamboat. 
Philadelphia.., 



(207) F'm N. York to 
Philadelphia, 

Via S. Ambov ^- Bor- 
dentown, JV. J. 
Steamboat. 

Elizabethport 

Amboy 

S. Amboy 

Camden S,- Ambon RR 



Spots wood 

Hightstown 

Sand Hills 

Bordentown 

Burlington .. 

Camden 

Steamboat. 
Philadelphia. 



C206) F'M N. York to 

MiLFORD, Pa. 

Via JVewark, JV. ,/. 
To Jersey City ...I i 1 

J\r. Jersey RR. \ 
Newark i 8| 9 



\ Morris (S- Essex 
I Railroad. 

Orange 

Chatham 

[Madison 

MORRISTOWN.. 

Stage. 

jSuckasunny 

Stanhope 

Andover 

Newton 

Augusta 

Branchville 

Sandystown.... 

[MlLFORD 



1(209) F'm N.York TO 
j Easton, Pa. 

Via J\''ewark, JV. J. 



4 


13 


11 


«4 


2 


'Ai 


5 


31 


9 


40 




45! 


() 


51 


« 


57: 




H2 


2 


H4 


10 


'/4,| 


6 


80. 



Lebanon . . . , 

Clinton 

Perry ville ... 
Bloomsbury 
Easton 



(210 J) F'm Newark to 
Dover. 



To Morristnwn — 
(see No. 208) . . . 

Mendham 

Chester 

Schooley's Moun- 
tain 

Pleasant Grove... 

Mansfield 

New Village 

Easton 



31 

-37i 
5i43 

6 49 

4, 53 

7 60 

6 m 

61 72 



(210) F'm N.York TO 

Easton, Pa. 

Via FAizabethtown and 

SomerviUe, JV. ./. 

JVew Jersey RR. 

To Newark I I 9 

Elizabethtown ...I 51 14 
Elizabethvort &/■ Somer- 
viUe Railroad. 

Westfield 

Scotch Plains . 

Plainfield 

Newmarket . . . 
Bound Brook.. 

SOMERVILLE.. 

stage. 
North Branch. 
Whitehouse. . . 



ToBloomfield.. 
W. Bloom field. 

Caldwell 

Pine Brook 

Parsippany 

Dover 



(211) F'm New Bruns- 
wick TO L'g Branch. 



71 21 

3' 24 

3! 27 

3| 30 

3 33 

V 

4' 41 

5 46, 



To South River . 

Spots wood I 5 

Middletown Point] 9 

Middletown 

Leedsville I 5 

Red Bank | 3 

Shrewsbury 

Long Branch.. 



(212) F'm New Bruns- 
wick TO Easton, Pa. 

Via Somerr.iUe. 
To Bound Brook. I I 6 

Somerville 4 10 

Easton— 
(see No. 209) .. . |38 48 

(213) F'm Trenton TO 
Long Branch. 



I 6 
6i 12 

7[ 19 
3 22 



37 



To Yard ville .. 

AUentown 

Hightstown 

Cranberry 

Englishtown ... 

Freehold 

Colt's Neck .... 

Eatontown 

Long Branch 



(214) F'M Trenton TO 

Mansfield. 
ITo Pennington...! I S 
iWoodsville I 5l 13 



ROUTES IN PENNSYLVANIA. 



123 



Ringoes 

Fleniington.. 

Clinton 

Clarksville .. 
Mansfield. 



(215) Fr'm Philadel 
phia to tuckerton. 
To Camden, N.J. 

Evesham 

Atsioii 

Sooy's Inn 

Bass River Hotel. 
TuCKERTON 



(216) Fr'm Philadel- 
phia TO AB.SECOMBE. 
To Camden, N.J, 

Huddontield 

Long-a-Coming.. 

VV'inslow 

May's Landing .. 

Bargaiatown 

Absecombe 



Camden <S- Woodbury 

Railroad. 
Woodbury .... 

atage. 
Clarksboro' .. . 
Svvedesboro' . . 
Sharpstown . . . 
Salem 



(217) F'm Philadel'a 

TO Cape Island, 

Via Tuckahne. 



ToCamden, N. J. 
Chew's Landing . 

Good Intent 

Cross Keys 

Tuckahoe 

Dennis' Creek 

Cape Island— 
(see No. 217) . . . 



85 



(218) F'm Philadel'a 

TO Cape Island, 

Via Bridseton. 

To Camden. N.J.I 1 1 

Camden &,- Woodbury 

Railroad. 

Woodbury 

Stage. 
Carpenter's Land- 



111?. 



Mullico Hill... 
Pitt's Grove ... 

Deertield 

Hridgeton... 

Millville 

Port Elizabeth. 

Leesburg 

Dennis' Creek. 

Gosiien 

Cape May 

Cold Spring ... 
Cape Island . 



(219) F'm Philadel'a 

TO Salem. 
To Camden, N. J.l I ll 



(220) Fr'm Philadel- 

PHIA TO BinGHAM- 
TON, N. Y., 

Via Eastoa S,- Wilkes- 

barre. 
To Rising Sun ... 

Milestovvn 

Abington 

Willow Grove ... 

Horsham 

Doylestown 

Danboro' 

OttsviiJe 

Bucksville 

Monroe 

Raubsville 

Easton 

Nazareth 

Jacobsburg 

Wind Gap 

Shafer's 

INIt. Pocono 

Stoddartsville 

Bear Creek 

Wilkesbarre .. 

Kingston 

VV^yoniing 

Exeter 

North Moreland.. 
Eaton 

TUNKHANNOCK . . 

Lynn 

Springville 

Dimock 

Montrose 

Lawsville Centre. 

Conklin 

Binghamton 



Reading 

Muhrsville 

Hamburg 

Tunnel.... 1500 ft. 

Port Clinton 

Landringsville ... 
Schuylkill Haven 

POTTSVILLE 

atage. 
Fountain Spring. . 

Bear Gap 

Shamokin 

Sunbury 

Northumberl'd 



8 56 
10 66 



87 
92 

13105 
12117 

51122 
121134 

l|l3o 



(222) F'm Philadel'a 

TO Corning, N.Y., 
Via Reading, jVor/A- 

umberland, and Wil- 

liamsport. 
To Northumber. 

land 

Milton 

McEwensville — 

Mnncy 

Montouresville ... 

WiLLIAMSPORT.. 



135 
12147 

4 1 151 
101161 
10171 

41175 



Williamsp't «S- Elmira 

Railroad. 
Trout Run .. 
Stage. 

Liberty 

Blossburg. 



(221) F'M Philadel'a 
to Northumberl'd, 
Via JVorristown, Read- 
ing, ^- Pottsville. 
Philadelphia, Rending, 
(i- Pottsville RR. 

i\ 

14 

17 
23 
27 



To Bridge 

Falls 

Manayunk 

Conshohocken .. 
Norristown... 

Valley Forge 

Phenixville 

Pottstown 

Douglassville 

Baumstown 



16206 
91215 

Corning S,- Blossburg 
Railroad. 

Covington 

Mansfield 

Tioga 

Lawrenceville 
Lindleytown . 
Erwin Centre 
Corning 



51220 
5225 
8233 
7240 
3243 
3246 
9i255 



(223) F'm Philadel 
TO Harrisburg, 
Via Lancaster. 
Columbia Railroad. 

To Head of In- 
clined Plane 

Whitehall 

Morgan's Corner . 

Reeseville 

V\'estchesterTu rn - 
out 

Paoli 

Whiteland 

DOVVNINGTOWN. . 

Gallighersville 

Coatsville 

Parksburg 

Penningtonville .. 

Noblesville 

The Gap ^ uo 

Belleview I II 54 



24 



2 51 

2 53 



124 



ROUTES IN PENNSYLVANIA. 



Kinzie's 

LiCman's 

Paradise 

Concord 

Enterprise 

Lancaster... 
Harrisburg <$• Lancas 
ier Railroad. 



Mt. Joy 
Eliziibethtowii , 

Tunnel , 

Middletovvn 

Harrisburg . 



1 

ti 
9106 



(2ai) F'm Philadel'a 

TO Pittsburg, 
f^ia Harrisburg and 

HvUidaysburg. 
To Harrisburg 
(see No. 223)... 

Dauphin 

Benvenue 

Miilerstown 

Thompsontown .. 

Mexico 

Mifflintown 

Lewistown 

Strode's Mills .... 

McVeytown 

Atiiinson's Mills.. 

Mill Creek 

Huntingdon — 

Alexandria 

Water Street 

Yellow Springs .. 

Canoe Creek 

Frankstown 

HOLLIDAYSBITRG. 

Duncansville 

Summit 

Munster 

Ebensburg 

Armagh 

Blairsville 

New Alexandria . 
Salem >^ Roads .. 

Murraysville 

Wilkinshurg 

Pittsburg 



4 

19 

14 273 
1U;283 

8J291 



11309 

81317 



(225) F'm Philadel a 

TO Pittsburg, 

P^ia Columbia <S- Cham- 

bersburg. 

Columbia Railroad. 
To Lancaster— 

(see No. 223)... 

Dillerville 

Mountville .., 

Columbia 

Wrightsville 

York <$- Wrightsville 
Railroad, 

Hoover's | 6| 90 

York.... 



Stage. 

Farmer's 

Abbottstown 

New Oxford 

Gettysburg — 

Cashtown 

Fayetteville 

Chambersburg. 

St. Thomas , 

Loudon 

M'Connellsburg ., 

Harrisonville 

Ray's Hill 

Bloody Run 

Bedford 

Schellsburg 

Stoyestown 

Laurel Hill 

Laughlintown... 

Ligonier 

Youngstown 

Greensburg 

Adamshurg 

Stewartsville 

Turtle Creek .... 

K. Liberty 

Pittsburg 



.|6| 90 
■ lei 96: 



(2251) F'm Philadel'a 

TO Pittsburg 
Via Harrisburg and 

Cliarnbersburg. 
To Harrisburg I I 
(see No. 223)... I 1106 
Cumberland Valley 
Railroad. 
Shiremantown .. 
Mechanicsburg.. 

Carlisle 

Newvilie 

Shippensburg .. . 
Green Village . . . 
Chambersburg 

Stage. 
Pittsburg— 
(see No. 225) ...150 

(226) F'm Philadel'a 

TO Erie, 
Via Harrisburg , Belle 

fonte, Sr Meadville. 
To Lewistown — 

(see No. 224) . . 
Brown's Mills... 

Valley 

Potter's Mill 

Old Fort 

Bellefonte ... 

Milesburg 

Philipsburg 

Clearrield 

Curwinsville 

Luthersburg 

Brookville 

Strattoiisville 



163 

168 

172 

179 

.183 

9192 

2(194 

26 220 

1523! 

624 

1324 

22 276 

14 290 



Clarion...., 
Shippenville 
Cranberry ... 

Franklin 

Sugar Creek. 
Meadville. 

Rockdale 

VVaterford... 
Erie 



298 

317 

320 

.332 

344 

12 356 

10 366 

14i380 



(227) F'm Philadel'a 
to Mauch Chunk, 



4 294 



Via Mlentown. 

To Rising Sun... 

Germantown 

ChesnutHill 

White Marsh 

Upper Dublin 

Montgomery ville . 
Line Lexington . . 
Seller's Tavern... 

Bunker Hill 

duakertown 

Coopersburg 

Allentovvn 

North Whitehall . 

Lehigh Gap 

Parrysville 

Lehighton 

Mauch Chunk* . 



Fr'm Mauch Chunk 
TO Berwick. 
To Lausnnne... 
Beaver Meadow 

Hazleton 

Conyngham 

Nescopeck 

Berwick 



3 11 

4 15 
6 21 

10' 31 

li 32 



(228) F'm Philadel'a 
TO P'rt Deposit, Md. 



Kingsessing 

Darby 

Gibbons' Tavern . 

Nether Provi- 
dence 

Lima 

Ivy Mills 

Concordville 

Chadd's Ford . . . . 

Hamorton 

Kennett's Square. 

Avondale 

Westgrove 

New London X 
Roads 

Brick Meeting, 
house, Md 

Port Deposit... 



(229) F'm Philadel'a 
TO Somerville, N.J. 
To Milestown.. 
Abinglon 



•I I 6 

.1 alu 



ROUTES IN PENNSYLVANIA. 



Willow Grove ,.. 

Hatboro' 

Hartsville 

Buckingham 

New Hope 

Lumbertsvllle, NJ 

Ringoes 

Fleinington 

Centreville 

SOMERVILLE 



(230) F'm Philadel'a 
TO Baltimore, 
Via TVUmington. 
Ph'dadelvhin , TVUming- 
ton, fy Baltimore RR. 
To Gray's Ferry.. 

Lazaretto 

Chester 

Marcus' Hook — 
Naaman's Creek. 

VVlLMINGTON 

Newport 

Stanton 

Newark 

Elkton 

Northeast 

Charlestown 

Cecil 

Havre de Grace .. 
Hall's XI Roads... 

Ferryman's 

Gunpowder 

Harewood 

Chase's 

Stemmer's Run . . 

Canton 

Baltimore 



From Philadelphia 
to Baltimore 
Steamboat. 

To Fort Mifflin 

<.;iiester 

Marcus' Hook. 

New Castle . . . 

JVcw Castle &• French 
town RR, 



Trenton &• JV*. Bruns- 
wick RR. 

Princeton 10[ 39 

Kingston 41 43 

New Brunswick.. il41 5/ 

JVew Jersey RR- 



Metuchin 

Rahway 

Elizabethtown 

Newark 

Jersey City 

Steamboat. 
New York.. . 
Boston— 
Csee No. 122) 



Frenclit(jwn. 

Steamboat. 
Turkey Point. . 
Pool's Island.. 
North point... 
Fort McHeiiry. 
Baltimore... 



161 51 

16 67 
23* 90 
13103 
9112 
3115 



(232) Fr'm Easton to 

MlLFORD. 

To Martin's Creek 

Richmond 

Stone Church 

Mt. Bethel 

Dill's Ferry 

Dutotsbnrg 

Craig's Meadow . 

Coolbaugh's 

Bnshkill 

Delaware 

Dingman's Ferry. 

MiLFORD 



C231) F'm Philadel'a 
to Boston. 
Steamboat. 

To Bristol 1 I 19 

Phila. iS- Trenton RR. 

Morrisville I 91 28 

Treiitoo I l| 29 



(233) Fr'm Easton to 
Carbondale. 

To Belfast 

Wind Gap 

Snydersville 

Bartonsville 

Stanhope 

Denton 

Sterling 

Hamilton 

Canaan 

Waymart 

Carbondale — 

(234) Fr'm Easton to 
Towanda 

Via Manck Chunk and 
Berwick. 

To Bath 

jCherryville 

j Lehigh Gup 

Lehighton 

Mauch Chunk . 

Lausanne 

Beaver Meadows 

Hazleton 

Conyngham.i ... 

Zeisersville 

Nescopeck 

Berwick 

Fishing Creek... 

Fairmount Spr'gs 

Cherry 



I 10 

9 19 

5 24 

8' 

A\ 36 

8 44 

31 4 

4 51 

6 5' 

7 64 
3 67 
1 



211107! 



Xew Albany , 
Monroetown , 
Towanda ... 



125 



(235) From Wilkes, 
barre to Hones 

DALE. 

To Plainsville... 
Pittston Ferry... 

Lackawanna 

Hyde Park 

Providence 

Blakeley 

Carbondale ... 
Waymart 

HONESDALE 



23 



(236) F'm Pottsvillk 

TO Mauch Chunk. 
To Port Carbon . . I 



Middleport , 

Tamaqua 

Summit Hill 

Mauch Chunk 



(237) F'm Lancaster 

TO Reading. 
To Neffsville.. 

Litiz 

Ephratah 

Reamstown ... 
Adamstown.. . 
Reading 



8) F'm Lancaster 
TO Norristown. 

7 



To Leacock 

New Holland 

Churchtown 

Morgantown 

Marsh 

Fi. Nantmeal 

Chester Springs . 

PhoBuixville 

Railroad. 
Norristown... 



1101 53 

(239) F'm Lancaster 
to Port Deposit, 
Md. 

To Willow Street 

Smithville 

Buck 

Chesnut Level 

Greene 

Pleasant Grove. . . 

Rock Spring?, Md 

Rovvlandsville 

Port Deposit... 



(240) F'm Harrisburo 

TO Easton, 

Via Reading. 

ToHuinmellstownl 1 9 

Palmyra | 51 U 



126 



ROUTES IN PENNSYLVANIA. 



Annville 

Lebanon 

Myerstown 

Stouchburg 

Wolmelsdurf 

Sinking Spring... 

Reading, , 

Maiden Creek.... 

Kutztown .., 

Rodrocksville 

Trexlertown...... 

Allentown 

Bethlehem 

Butztovvn 

JCaston , 



5 


19 


h 


24 


7 


HI 


H 


;^ 


4 


:*< 


H 


47 


5 


.V2 


s 


m 


i< 


ew 


5 


74 


5 


79 


>■ 


87 


K 


9;^i 


A 


97 1 


9 


106 



<241) F'm Harrisburg 

TO Montrose, 

Via JK'orthMinberland ($• 

Wilkesbarre. 



To Dauphin 

Jienvenue 

New Buffalo — 

Montgomery's 
Ferry 

Liverpool 

McKee's Half 
Falls 

Chapman 

Selin's Grove — 

Shamokin Dam , 

SUNBURY 

Northumber- 
land 

Danville 

Catn wissa 

Bloomsburg 

Espy 

Berwick 

Beech Grove — 

Shickshinny 

Nanticoke 

Wilkesbarre , 

Montrose— 
(see No. 220). 



(243) Fr'm Northum- 
berland TO Lkwis- 

TOWN. 



To New Berlin,. 

Middieburg 

Beavertown 

Middle Creek.... 
Lewistown 



(244) Fr'm Northum- 
berland to Elmira, 
N. Y. 

To Willis.msport 1 I 

(see No. 245)... I I 40 

fVilliamsp^t & Elmira 

Railroad. 



Trout Run 

Ralston 

Stage. 

Canton 

Alba 

iTroy 

Columbia X R'ds, 

South Creek 

Southport, N.Y.. 
I Elmira 



1 

1.3 
10 

5 

2 
10 

7 
10 

6112^ 

8130 



(245) Fr'm Northum- 
berland to Holli- 
daysburo, 



To Levvisburg. 
Mifflinburg.... 

Hartleton 

72|: Aaronsburg ... 
Millheim , 



1 Spring Mi 
^ " Fort. 



(;)ld 
99l'Bolesburg 
106jiPine Grove Mills. 

liejiBaileyville 

'"" Coierain Forge... 

Water Street 

Hollidaysburg. 



(242) Fr'm Northum- 
berland to Belle- 

FONTE, 



Via Williamsvort and 
Lock Haven. 



To Milton , 

McEwensville 

Muncy 

Montouresville ... 

WiLLlAMSPORT . 

Newberry , 

Jersey Shore 

Dunnsburg 

Lock Haven ... 

Mill Hall 

Lamar 

Nittany 

Bkllkfonte ... 



(246) F'm Harrisburg 

to HAGERSTOWNjMd. 

Via Carlisle <??- Cham- 
bersburg. 



Cumberland Valley 
Railroad. 
To Shiremantown 
Mechanic.sburg... 

(.'arlisle 

Newville | — 

Shippeiisburg ilO 

,^i ??lGreeij Village... 
I?] ^.' Chambersburg.1 4 
21 (jgij Franklin Railroad. 



3i 71 Marion 

51 76 I Green Castle ... 
4 80 I State Line 

81 StfllHAGERSTOWN . 



.5 55 

5 60' 

5 65' 

61 71 1 



(247) F'm Harrisburo 
TO Baltimore, 
Via York. 
To New Cumber-I 1 

land 4 

York Haven 11 15 

Manchester 4 19 

York I 61 25 

Baltimore &,- Maryland 
Line RR. 

32 



Tunnel 

Smyser's 

Heathcote 

Strasburg 

Baltimore &■ SusqaC' 
hannah RR. 

Summit 

Whitehall 

Westerman's 

Clarksville 

Washington Fac. 

Melvale 

Baltimore 



(248) Fr'm Pittsburg 
to Erie. 



To Alleghany . . . 

Bakerstown 

Glade Mills 

Butler 

Brownington 

Slippery Rock... 
North Liberty... 

Mercer 

Culbertson's 

Meadville 

Woodcock 

Rockdale 

Waterford 

Erie 



(249) Fr'm Pittsburg 
TO .Iamestown, N. 
York, 

Via Mercer, Franklin, 
6r Warren. 

To Mercer... 

Henderson... 

Franklin .. 

Cornplanter . 

Perry 

Deerlield 

Irvine 

Warren ... 

Russellburg. 

Carroll, N.Y, 

Jamestown 



95 
110 

117 
12129 

7 136 
7143 

8151 
6ll57 



(250) Fr'm Pittsburg 

to Cleveland, U. ' 

Via Beaver. 

To Alleghany ....I I 1 

" ickly Bottom. Il3l 14 



Sc 



ROUTES IN DELAWARE. 



127 



Economy 

Freedom 

Beaver 

Diirlington 

Petersburg, O. . .. 
New Middletovvn. 

Poland 

Boardman 

Canlield 

Ellsworth 

Frederick 

Palmyra 

Edinburg 

Ravenna 

Franklin Mills 

Ftow 

Hudson 

Twinsburg 

Bedford 

Newburg 

Cleveland 



(251) Fr'm Pittsburg 

TO Wheeling, Va. 
To Herriottsville . 10 

Cannonsburg 

Washington 

Claysville 

W. Alexander ... 
Triadelphia, Va.. 
Wheeling 



(25U) F'm Pittsburg 

TO Steubenville, 

Ohio. 
To Fayetteville 

Buvington 

Florence 

Paris 

JHiiJlidays Cove, 

Va 

Steubenville 

Ohio 

(252) Fr'm Pittsburg 

to wooster, o., 
Via Mas ill on. 

To Beaver 

Industry 

Ohioville 

Little Beaver 

Bridge 

Calcutta 

New Lisbon — 

Buck's 

New Garden 

New Alexander . . 

New Franklin 

Paris 

Osnaburg 

Canton 

Masillon 

East Greenville. . . 

Dalton 

East Union 

WoOSTER 





27 


7 


•M 


y 


43 


2 


45 




47 


12 


59 


f) 


H4 


;^ 


H7 


4 


71 


H 


77 


4 


81 


K 


87 


f) 


92 


8 


100 


H 


lOH 


4 


110 


ft 


lift 


8 


123 



I (253) F'm Erie to Bur 

FALO, N. Y. 

To Westleyville.. 

Harbor Creek 

[ Northeast 

Northville 

Ripley, N.Y 

Westtield 

Portland 

Salem X Roads... 

Fredonia 

i Sheridan 

Silver Creek 

; Irving 

[Evans 

E. Evans 

Hamburg (on the 
I Lake) 

Buffalo 



(254) From Erie to 
Cleveland, 

Via Ashtabula and 
Painesville. 



To Fairview . . . 
Coneaut, Ohio , 

Amboy 

Kingsville ...., 
Ashtabula .. 

Sa>;brook 

Dnionville 

Aladison 

Perry 

Painesville . 

Mentor 

Willoughby ... 

E. Euclid 

Euclid 

Cleveland... 



(255) Fr'm Pittsburg 
to Maysville, Ky. 

Via Wheeling, Zanes- 
ville, &r Chillicothe. 

To Herriottsville . 

Cannonsburg 

Washington 

Claysville 

W. Alexander 

Tridelpliia, Va, .. 

Wheeling 

Bridgeport, O. ... 

St. Clairsville 

Morristown 

Fairview 

Middlehourn 

Washington 

(^am bridge 

New Concord 

Norwich 

Bridgeville 

Zanesville 

Maysville— 
(see No. 322).,. 





m 


8 


18 




2ft 


1(1 


;ii 


H 


41 


ft 


4H 


8 


ft4 




ftft 


1(! 


H5 


11 


V« 


1( 


HH 


8 


89 


7 


9ti 


h 


104 


9 


113 


H 


m 




119 


8 


127 


150 


277 



(256) Fr'm Pittsburo 
to Baltimore, Md. 

Via Brownsville, Cum- 
berland, ($- Harper's 
Ferry. 

Steamboat. 

To Brownsville 

Uniontown 

Somerfield 

Addison 

Little Crossing ... 

Frostburg 

Cumberland — 10113 

Baltimore iS' Ohio RR- 



Patterson's Creek. 
Little Cacapon... 
Pawpaw Tunnel . 
DoeGulleyTun'l. 
Great Cacapon... 

Hancock 

VV^alnut Bend — 
Back Cr'k Bridge. 
Hedgesville Depot 
Hedgesville Road. 

Martinsburg 

Kerneysviile 

Harper's Ferry 

Frederick 

Ellicott's Mills ... 
Baltimore 



(257) Fr'm Pittsburg 
TO Clarksburg, Va. 

Steamboat. 
To Brownsville... 
Stage. 

Merrittstown 

Masontown 

New Geneva 

ftlorgantown, Va. 

Whiteday 

Palatine Hill 

Boothsville 

Bridgeport 

Clarksburg 



(258) F'm Wilmington 

TO Eastville, Va. 

Via Dover and Snow 

Hill, Md. 



To Newcastle 

Red Lion 

St. George's 

Cantwell's Bridge 

Smyrna 

Dover 

Camden 

Canterbury 

Frederica 

Milford 

Milton 

Georgetown.,. 
Millsboro' 



128 



ROUTES IN MARYLAND. 



Dagsboro' 

St. Martin's, Md. 

Berlin 

Newark 

Snow Hill 

Sandy Hill 

Horntown, Va. . 

Accoman 

Modestown 

Accomac C. H. . 

Onancock 

Piingoteiigue 

Beilhaven 

Franktown 

Eastvillk 



101 
111 
119 
129 
13 
14b- 
153 
16U 

179 
187 
191 
19 
203 
215 

(259) Fr'm Elkton to 
Snow Hill. 

To Warwick 

Head of Sassafras 
Georgetown /^ 

Roads 

Chestertown 

Church Hill 

Centreville 

Wye Mills 

Easton 

Trappe 

Cambridge 

Big Mills 

Vienna 

Barren 

Salisbury 

Snow Hill 



2- 
43 
49 
58 

m 

80 
89 
9b- 
110 
114 
119 
130 
201150 

From Baltimore to 

Boston, 
Via Philadelpkia and 

J\'ew York. 
(See No. 278) I 1398 

(260) F'm Baltimore 

TO Columbia, Pa. 
Balt.SrSiisQue'hRR. 



To Mel vale 

Washington Fac 
Relay House .... 

Ryder's Lane 

Timoniuni 

(;!]arksville 

Cockeysville 

Westerman's 

Love's 

Monkton Mills .. 

Whitehall 

Parkton 

Freeland's 

Summit l2 \3ti 

York (S- Maryland JAiie 
_ Railroad. 

Strasburg 

Heatlicote's 

Srnyser's 

Tunnel 

York 



2^ 
3.i 

2 28 
6 i34 



TVrightsville Sr York 
Railroad. 

Hoover's I 7] 64 

Wrightsville 6 70 

Columbia I ll 71 

(261) F'm Baltimore 
TO Harrisburg. 

Railroad. 

To York 

Stage. 

Manchester 

York Haven 

New Cumberland. 
Harrisburg — 



(262) F'm Baltimore 
TO Pittsburg, 

Via Gettysburg and 
Chambersbarg. 



To Pikesville.... 

Reistertown 

Westminster 

Union Mills 

Littlestown, Pa. 

Gettysburg 

Pittsburg— 
(see No. 225) . . . 



176 



(263) F'm Baltimore 

to Wheeling, 
Via Harper's Ferry, 

Cumbti-la.nd, <S' tVask- 

ington. Pa. 

Bait. S,- Ohio RR. 
To Relay House.. 

Avalon 

Ilchester 

Ellicott's Mills . . . 

Elysville 

Putney's Bridge.. 

Woodstock 

Marridttsvilie 

Sykesville 

Hood's Mills 

Woodbine 

Mt. Airy 

Monrovia 

Ijamsville 

Reel's Mill 

Monocacy 

Frederick 

Doup's Switch... 
Point of Rocks ... 
(Jntoctin Switch . 

Berlin 

Knoxville 

Weverton 

Harper's Ferry 

Peacher's Mill 

Hall Town Road. 

Duffielo's 

Leetown Road . . . 



21 92 

4i 96 



Kerneysville 

Drake's 

FiHgg's Mil].... 
.Martinsburg... 2100 
Warm Spring R'd 2102 

Tabb's 1103 

HedgesvilleRoad.j 2105 
Myer'sWaterSta- | 

tion I 1106 

Hedgesville Depot 1 107 



3116 

2ii 



N. Mountain VV 

ter Station 

Back Cr'k Bridge 
Runner's Ferry 

Road 

Licking Water 

Station 

Walnut Bend .... . 

Hancock 5|123 

St. John's Run ... ojl28 
(ireat Cacapon. . . 4] 132 
Rockwell's Run.. 7i]39 
DoeGulleyTun'l. 2141 
No. 12 Water Sta- I 

tion 9'l50 

PawpavvTunnel.. 3 lc3 
Little Cacapon... 4 157 
Green Spring Run, 7 164 
Patterson's Creek. 6170 
Cumberland...., 8i178 
atngt. I 

Frostburg !10il88 

Little Crossing ...:13 201 

Addison, Pa 13 214 

Somerfield 4 218 

Uniontown 21 239 

Brownsville 12 251 

F. Bethlehem 6 257 

Beallsville 3 260 

g Hillsboro' i 3263 

j2 I Washington 17 280 



ClaysvilTe 10 290 

W. Alexander.... I 7 2^7 
Triadelphia, Va..' 4 301 
Wheeling !l0:311 

(264) F'm Baltimorb 

to Hancoc k. 
Via Frederick and Ha- 

gerstuwu. 
Baltimore £,- Ohio RR. 
61 



To Frederick. 
I fstage. 
o8 Middletown., 
61 Boonsboro'.. 
65 Funkstown.. 
69 Hagerstown . 
71 1 (,'lear Spring 
«! Park Head.. 
'8 I Hancock ... 
79 

81 ,(265) F'm Baltimork 
83 [ to Chambersburo. 

86 To Hagerstown— | ( 

87 I (see No. 264) ... ( W 
PCiiStatoLi.;e 1 5i 93 



8 69 
8! 77 
8' 85 
2 87 
11 98 

mm 

7ill3 



ROUTES FROM WASHINGTON. 



129 



Green Castle I 5' 97 

Marion 5 lUii 

Chambkrsburg.I 61108 

(266) F'm Baltimore 
TO Washington, DC. 

Bait. S,- Ohio RR. 

To Relay House.. I i 8 

Washington Br. RR. 



Elkridge Landing 

Junction 

Laurel Factory... 

Beltsville 

Bladensburff 

Washington — 



(267) F'm Baltimore 
TO Annapolis. 
Railroad. 
ToElkridse Land 
ing 



Junction 

Patuxent Forge . . 

Brotheiton 

Annapolis 



(268) F'm Baltimore 
TO White Sulphur 
Springs, Va., 

Via Harper's Ferry, 
Winchester, Sr Staun- 
ton. 
Bait. &r Ohio RR. 

To Harper's Fer-i I 
ry, Va.— 
(see No. 263)... I I 81 

Winchester ^- Potomac 
Railroad. 

Keys 

Hailtown 

Charlestown.... 

Cameron's , 

Thompson 

Stephenson's ... 

Winchester. 
Stage. 

Newtown Ste 
phensburg 

Middletown .... 

Strasburg , 

Tom's Brook.. 

Woodsttjck 

Stony Creek 

Red Banks 

Mt. Jackson... 

Newmarket 



Sparta poiis 

Harrisonburg.. 
Mt. Crawford.. 

Mt. Sidney 

Staunton — 
Jennings' Gap. 
Deertield 



Cloverdale Hotel. 

(ireen Valley 

Bath C. H 

Hot Springs 

Columbia Inn 

Callaghau's 

White Sulphur 
Springs ' 



121 
5126 
5131 

6ll37 
6!l43 
5il48 
4 152 
4156 
7 163 
8171 
11182 
8! 190 
6! 196 
lli207 
13i220 
151235 



[269) F'm Baltimore 
TO Wilmington, NC. 
Via JVorfulk Sr Gareys- 
burg. 
Steamboat. 
To Fort Mc Henry 
North Pomt 

jny Point 

ndy Point 

Thomas's Point . . 

Herring Bay 

Sharp's Island — 

Core Point 

Cedar Point 

Pt. Lookout (m'tl 

of Potomac riv.) 
Smith's Point 
Norfolk — 
Portsmouth . . 
Portsmouth iS" Roanoke 
Railroad. 

Suffolk 

Carrsville 

Franklin Depot 

Newson's , 

Margaretsville, 

N. C 

Stage. 

Gareysburg 

Weldon 



273 
8 
Wilmington <$• Raleigh 

Railroad, 
Wilmington— I I 
(seeNo.273)..|l62|440 



(270) F'mWashington 
to Annapolis. 
Railroad. 
To Bladensburg.. 

Beltsville 

Laurel Factory... 

Junction 

Annapolis 



(271) F'mWashington 
TO Ridge, 
Via Port Tobacco. 
To Palmer's Tav- 1 

ern. Aid 

Piscataway 6 

JPiensimtHill 10 

llPoit Tobacco ....1 6 
6* 



Allen's Fresh 

Newport 

Chaplico 

St. Clenient's Bay 

Leonunitown 

Great Mills 

St. Inegoes' 

Ridge 



87 



(272) F'mWashington 

TO Frederick. 
To Georgetown ..I 2 
Rockville, Md. ... 14 16 

Urbanna 12 

Frederick 115 



(273) F'mWashington 
TO Wilmington, NC. 

Via Fredericksburg, 
Richmond, ir Peters- 
burg. 

Steamboat. 

To Alexandria ... 

Mt. Vernon 

Acjuia Cr'k Land 
ing. Va 



42 

Richmond, Fredericks- 
burg, <i- Potomac RR. 
Brooks's Water 

Station 

Fredericksb'g. 

Guiney's 

Miltbrd Depot. 
RutherGlen... 

.lunction 

Taylorsville . . . 
Hungary Water 

Stiition . 
Richmond 
Richmond ^-Petersburg 
Railroad. 

Manchester I 21120 

Proctor's Creek... Il|l31 
Petersburg — I 9il40 
Petersburg £,' Roanoke 

Railroad. 
Stony Cr'k Ware- 

house 

Jarrett's 

Beltield 

Junction 

Pleasant Hill, NC. 
Gareysburg. 
Weldon... 
Wilmington & Raleigh 
Railroad. 

Halifax 

Eiitield 

Battles 

Rocky Mount... 
Joiners 



212 



242 



130 



ROUTES FROM WASHINGTON. 



Tossnot 

Barden's 

Nahunta 

Goldsboro' 

Dudley's 

faisoii's 

Warsaw 

Strickland 

Teachy's 

S. Washington. 

Bergaw 

Rocky Mount . . 
Wilmington 



(274) F'mWashington 

TO Parkersburg, 

Via Winchester and 

Clarksburg. 



To Georgetown . . 
Prospect Hill, Va. 

Dranesville 

Belmont 

Leesbiirg 

Hamilton 

Purcell's Store 

Snickersviile 

Snicker's Ferry .. 
Barryville 

WliVCHESTER ... 

Back Cr'k Valley. 

Capon Bridge 

Hanging Rock ... 

ROMNEY 

Burlington 

Ridgeyille 

Claysville 

Glade Valley 

German Settlem't 

Evansville 

Three Forks 

Pruntytown 

Bridgeport 

Clarksburg — 

New Salem 

Lewisport 

Pennsboro' 



Parkersburg. 



10126 
5 131 
6137 
23160 
6166 
24190 
71197 
8205 
10.215 
6221 
142:35 
16;251 
121263 
401303 



(274i) F'mWashingt'n 
TO Winchester, 



Via Alexandria. 



To Alexandria. 

Fairrax,Va 

Chantilly 

Pleasant Valley . . 

Areola 

Aldie 

Middleburg 

Rector's ><) Roads. 

Upperville 

Paris 

Berry ville 

Millwood 

Winchester.... 



(275) F'mWashington Triadelpliia, Va. .) 4 

TO Cincinnati, Wheeling 10 

Via Cumberl'd, W'Aee/- J5"[ffep_«'-t?„9- ••• 

ins, Znnesville, and 

Columbus. 



Stage. 
To Georgetown 
Rockville, Md.. 

Urbana 

Frederick 



Baltimore (i- O/iio RR. 



Doup's Switch . . . 

Point of Rucks... 

Catoctin Switch.. 

Berlin 

Knoxville 

We\erton 

Harper's Ferry 

Peacher'sMill.... 

Hall Town Road. 

Duffield's 

Leetown Road 

Kerneysville... 

Drake's 

Flagg'sMill... 

iVliirtinsburg.. . 

Warm Spring R'd 

Tabbs' 

Hedgesville Road. 

Myer's Water Sta- 
tion 

Hedgesville Depot 

N. Mountain Wa- 
ter Station... 

Back Cr'k Bridge. 

Runner's Ferry 
Road 

Licking Water 
Station 

Walnut Bend .... 

Hancock 

St. .John's Run... 

Great Cacapon... 

Rockwell's Run.. 

Doe Gully Tunnel 

No. 12 Water Sta- 
tion 

Pawpaw Tunnel . 

Little Cacapon... 

Great Spring Run 

Patterson's Creek 

Cumberland... 

JVativual Road. 

Frostburg 

Little Crossing... 

Addison, Pa 

Soniertield , 

Uniontowii 

Brownsville ., 

E. Bethlehem .... 

Beallsville 

Hillsboro' 

Washington 

Claysville 

W. Alexander 



47 
51 

53 
57 
60 
61 
_, 63 
2 65 



1 Morristown 

iFairview 

Middlebourn 

, Washington 

Cambridge 

New Concord 

Norwich 

Bridgeville 

Zanesville 

Hopewell 

Gratiot 

Brownsville 

Lin ville 

Jucksontown 

Hebron 

Luray 

Kirkersville 

Etna 

Reynoldsburg . . . . 



1 

10 
11 

10 
3 
7 335 

8343 
9352 
33.55 
3J358 
8,366 
8:374 
4 378 
2380 
5385 
4389 

4 393 
2.395 
3,398 

5 403 
6409 



AJ Columbus |11,420 



Alton.. 
'We>t Jetferson ... 

Liifajelte 

Brighton Centre.. 
'Springfield 

Yellow Springs 



9429 
5434 
8443 
10 4.52 
10462 
101472 



Xenia I 91481 

Little Miama RR. 
Spring Valley 



Claysville 

Corwin 

Freeport 

Lockport 

Morrow 

Deerfield 

Foster's 

[Polktown 

Indian Ripple ... 

iMilford 

i Columbia 

Cincinnati 



13 
4 

21221 
12233 

3242 
3245 
17 262 
10272 

7I279 



(276) F'mWashington 
TO Detroit, 



Via fVheeliue, IVooster 
Ohio, ^- Toledo. 



To Wheeling— 
1! (see No. 275) . . . 

Martin's Ferry, O 

Colerain 

Harrisville 

! Short Creek .^ 

Cadiz 

Stocktownship... 

Tuppan 

I Whitehall 

lEastport 

i\'ew Philadelphia 

1 Dover 

IStrasburg 

iDeurdoff'sMills.. 



63a5 
3308 
6314 
[2|326 
3|329 
3332 
5337 
10,347 
3|3:-.0 
5355 



ROUTES FROM WASHINGTON. 



131 



Frease's Store... 

Bit. Eaton 

Apple Creek 

WoOSTER 

New Pittsburg .. 

Row's 

Ashland , 

Savannah 

Ruggles 

Greenwich 

Fitchville 

N. Fitchville 

Bronson 

Norwulk , 

Monroeville 

Lyme 

Bellevue 

Lower Sandusky, 

Black Swamp 

VVoodville , 

Perrysburg 

Maumee City 

'J'OLEDO 

Manhiittan 

Erie, Mich 

La Salle 

Monroe 

Brest 

Brownstown 

Gibraltar 

Truago 

Detroit 



436tJ 
9'375 
5[380 
I1I39I 
394 



434 
437 
441 

447 

450 

468 

476 

483 

16 499 

1500 

101510 

3I513 

9:.?22 



5532 
5537 
13550 
6 556 

11557 
131570 



(278) F'm Washington 

TO Boston. 

Washington Branch 

Railroad. 



To Bladensburg.. 

Beltsville 

Laurel Factory... 

Junction 

Elkridge Landing 



Baltimore and Ohio 

Railroad. 
Baltimore 1101 40 

Philadelphin, Wilming- 
ton, &i' Baltimore RR. 



(211) F'mWashington 

TO New Orleans. 

Steamboat. 

AquiaCr'kL'g.l I 42 

Railroad. 
Fredericksburg 

Va 

Richmond 

Petersburg , 

Weldon,N. C. . 
Wilmington — 

Steamboat. 
Charleston, 1 

S. C I 

Railroad. 



1581 524 



Augusta, Ga. .. 
Covington, Ga.. 

Stage. 
West Point, Ga. 
Railroad 
Montgomery, 
Ala.*. 


137 
131 

107 

87 


661 

792 

899 
C)86 


Stage. 
Mobile, Ala... 
Steamboa 
New Orleans 


209 1195 
17511370 



* From Montgomery to 
Mobile, by the river, 
is 338 miles. 



Canton 

Stemmer's Run . . 

Chase's 

Hare wood 

j Gunpowder 

I Perry man's 

I Hall's « Roads... 
[Havre de Grace .. 

Cecil 

jCiiarlestowii 

I Northeast 

Elkton 16 

Newark |6 

Staunton 6 

Newport 

Wilmington — 
Naaman's Creek. 

Marcus Hook 

Chester 

Lazaretto 

Gray's Ferry 

Philadelphia... 
Boston— 
(see No. 231)... i 



(279) F'mWashington 

to Norfolk, Va. 

Steamboat. 

To Alexandria . . . 

.Mt. Vernon 

Crane island 

Sandy Point, Md. 

Aquia Cr'k Land- 
ing, Va 

Boyd's Hole 

Mutthins' Point .. 

Cedar Point, Md.. 

Blackstone's I 

Piney Point 

Point Lookout . . . 

Roger Point, Va.. 

Smith's Ponit .. = . 

Windmill Point.. 

Gwynn's Island .. 

Point-no-Point ... 

New Pt. Comfort. 

Back River Point. 

OldPt. Comfort.. 

Norfolk 



(280) F'mWashington 

TO Staunton, 
Via Warrenton Sprigs 

6,- Charlottesville. 
To Alexandria . 

Fairfax 

Centreville 

Groveton 

Buckland 

New Baltimore. 

Warrenton 

Warrenton Spr'gs 
.Jert'ersonton.. 

Rixeyville 

(Culpepper C. H. . 
Colvin's Tavern. 

Locustdale 

Orange C.H. ... 

Gordonsville 

Everittsviile 

Charlottesvi'e 
Hardins'Tavern. 
Yancey's Mills ... 

Brookville 

Waynesborough.. 
Staunton ... 



91162: 
121174! 

10 184, 
16.200 1 



(281) F'mWashington 

TO White Sulphur 

Springs, 
Via Fredericksburg, 

Charlottesville, and 

Staunton. 
Steamboat. 



To Alexandria ... 

Mt. Vernon 

Aquia Cr'k Land- 
ing, Va 



42 



56 



71 



Richmond S,- Fredericks- 
burg RR. 
Fredericksburg... 

Stage. 
Cbancellorsville.. 

Wilderness 

Locust Grove .... 

Verdiesville 

Orange C. H 

Gordonsville 

Everittsviile 

Charlottesvi'e 
Hardins' Tavern . 
Yancey's Mills... 

Brookville 

Waynesborough . 

Staunton 

Jennings' Gap 

Deerlield 

Cloverdale Hotel. 

(ireen Valley 

Bath 

Hot Springs 

Columbia Inn 

Callaghan's 

White Sulphur 
Springs H 



132 



ROUTES IN VIRGINIA. 



(282) F'm Washington 


TO Lynchburg, 


Via Charlottesville. 


To Chfirlottesville 




(see No. 277) . . . 


127 


Garland's 


14 141 


Covesville 


7 US 


Lovingston 


lo ih;-! 


Rose Mills 


9 1/2 


New Glasgow 


5 177 


Lynchburg 


2uliy/ 


(283) F'M Fredericks- 


burg TO Winches- 


ter. 


To Falmouth 




2 


Hartwood 


H 


111 


Spottedville 


4 


14 


Somerville 


7 


21 


Warrenton 


19 


40 


Salem Fauquier.. 


i;^i hi 


Oak Hill 


4 


r)7 


Paris 


9 


HH 


Millwood 


78 


Winchester ... 


11 


84 


(284) F'm Fredericks- 


burg TO 'Iappahan 


nock. 


ToRappahannock 
Port Royal 




17 


n 


2-r^ 


Loretto. . 


14 

8 


MH 


Lloyd's 


44 


Tappahannock.. 


12 


5b 



(288) F'm Richmond to 
Washington. 

Richmond, Fredericks- 
burg, <i- Potomac RR. 

To Hungary Sta- 
tion 

Tuylorsville 

.lunctiou 

RiitherGlen 

Miiford 

Guiney's 

Fredericksb'g. 

Aquia Cr'k Land- 
ing, Va 

Steamboat. 

Mt. Vernon 

Alexandria 

Washington 



(285) F'm Richmond to 
Old Pt. Comfort. 

To Frasier's Tav- 
ern 

New Kent 

Barhamsville 

Burnt Ordinary... 

Williamsburg 



Yorktown.. 
Halfway House ., 

Hampton 

Old Pt. Comfort . 



(286) F'm Richmond to 

Norfolk. 

Steamboat. 
To Warwick's.. 

City Point 

Windmill Point . 
Jamestown I. . . . 
Burwell's Bay .. 
Newport News.. 
Norfolk 



151118 

(287) F'm Richmond to 

Tappahannock. 
To Old Church... 

Aylett's 13 

Fleetwood Acad. . 8 
Miller's Tavern .. 4 
Tappahannock.. 10 



110 
117 
.. Fr'm Richmond 
TO Gordonsville. 
Railroad. 
To Junction— I j 
(see No. 288) ... I | 22 
Louisa RR. 

Beaver Dam 

1 Frederick's Hall 

Tolersville 

Louisa C. H 

Gordonsville 

(289) From Richmond 
TO Staunton. 

To Powell's Tav- 

ern 

Dover Mills 

Beaver Dam 

Goochland 

Cednr Point 

Fife's 

Columbia 

Palmyra 

Union Mills 

iEverittsville 

Charlottesville.... 
Staunton 

(290) From Richmond 
TO Lynchburg. 

To Manchester... 

Coal Mmes ... 

Hallsboro' 

Flat Rock 

iScottsville 

Mficon 

Ballsville 

Cumberland C. H. 

Langhorn's Tav- 
I ern 

Raine's 

15 Farmville 

281; Walker's Church. 

3t)liSpout Spring 

40ii(>oneord 

oOll Lynchburg 



(291) From Richmond 
TO Milton, N. C. 


Via Farmville. 


To Farmville 

Prince Edward cH 

Midway Inn 

Roanoke Bridge.. 
Charlotte C.H.... 

Mt. Laurel 

Halifax. 


J 

12 
13 


90 
120 


Bloomsburg 


14» 


Cunningham's 

Store, N.C 

Milton 


13 
10 


158 
l(i8 



(292) From Richmond 

TO Raleigh, N.C. 
Richm.ond S,-Petersburg 

Railroad. 
To Peters bufg.... 
StonyCreekWare- 

house i21 

Jarrett's 

Belrteld Ill 

Greenville 6r Roanoke 

Ra ilroad. 

Ryland's 111174 

Gaston |lo| 84 

Raleigh &,■ Gaston RR. 



Littleton . . 

Macon 

Ridge way. 
Henderson. 
Staunton. . 
Franklin .. 
Forrestville 
Huntsville. 
Raleigh.. 



8 43 

9' 521 
10 62i| 

n 73 

4 77 1 
6, 83 
37 1 120 1 ! 



(293) F'm Petersburg 

TO Lynchburg. 
To Fork Inn . . , 

Mt. Level 

.Morgansville .. 
Nottoway C. H 

Burksville 

Farmville 

Lynchburg . . 



10 



60 



(294) F'm Petersburg 
TO Norfolk. 
Railroad. 
To City Point... 

Steamboat. 
Norfolk— 
(see No. 286) 



12 



(295) F'm Petersburg 

TO Norfolk. 
To Prince George 

Garysville 

j Cabin Point 

ISurryC. H 



7 
17 
.. 26 
12,38 



ROUTES IN VIRGINIA. 



133 



81 46 

61 52 
61 58 
10 68 
lo! 78 



Bacon Castle. 
Burvvell's Bay 
yniitlifield.... 
Chuckatuck.. 

Suftblk 

Portsmouth S,- Roanoke 
Railroad. 

Portsmouth ]17l 95 

Steamboat. 
Norfolk I 11 96 

(296) F'm Norfolk to 
Hampton. 



Steamboat. 
To Old Pt. Com- 

fort 

Hampton 



From Norfolk to 
Eastville, 

By Steiimboat....! 1 59 

(297) F'm Norfolk to 

Raleigh. 
To Portsmouth . . . i I 1 
Portsmouth £r Roanoke 

Railroad. 



Suffolk 


11! i? 


Ctirrsville 




Newson's Depot.. 
Margarets ville. 


13 


49 


Stage. 

Gareysburg 

Weldon 

Littleton.. . . 


12 

5 

20 
h 

78 

.K 

c. 

9 
13 

5 

12 
10 
11 
12 

ON 

jnr 


75 
80 

ino 


Gaston S,- Raleigf 
Raleigh 

(298) F'm Norfoi 
Edenton, N. 
To Deep Creek... 
Lake Drummond. 
South Mills, N.C. 

New Lebanon 

Elizabeth City.... 
W.jodville 


R. 

178 

TO 

14 
23 

36 

63 
74 


Edenton 

(299) F'm St AUNT 
Knoxville, T 


J.6 

TO 



Cloverdale 13 78| 

Salem 14 92' 

La Fayette 10102j 

Christiansb'rg 151117 
Knoxville— ' 
(see No. 303)...23ll348 

(300) F'm liYNCHBURG 
TO GUYANDOTTE, 

Via White Sulphur 
Springs. 
To New London . 

Otter Bridge 

liiberty 

Blue Ridge 



Fincustle 

Middle Mountain. 

Sweet Springs 

White Sulphur 

Springs 

Lewisburg 

Blue Sul. Springs. 
Sewell's Mountain 

Locust Lane 

Mountain Cove .. 
Gauley Bridge ... 

Mt. Juliet 

Kanawha Saline , 
Kanawha C. H. . 

Coalsmouth 

Mt. Salem 

Long Level 

Barboursville 

Guyandotte 



Liberty 

IJsbon 

Buford's 

Big Lick 

Salem 

Christianburg 

Ingle's Ferry 

Newbern 

Draper's Valley ., 

Wylheville 

Rural Retreat... 
Pleasant Hill .... 

Marion 

Seven-mile Ford 

Glade Spring 

Cedarville 

Abingdon 

Sapling Grove... 
Blountsville . 
Eden's Ridge.... 

Kingsport 

New Canton 

Lyon's Store 

Yellow Store. 

Rogersville 

Red Bridge 

Rocky Spring ... 
Bean's Station .. 

Rutledae 

Blair'sV, Roads. 

Academia 

Knoxville 



5 

12 
5 

25 

12 
7100 

11111 

18129 
9138 
7 145 

11156 
6162 

11173 
5178 
7;185 

13198 
9i207 
9 216 
6222 



31241 
81249 

10'259 
7266 
4270 
.s!279 

14 298 
9 302 

10 312 



To Greenville.... 
Steele's Tavern... 

Fairfield 

Lexington 

Fancy Hill 

JVatural Bridge . 

Pattensburg 

Fincastle 

Amsterdam 



(301) From Kanawha 
C. H. TO Pt. Pleas- 
ant. 

To Mouth of Poc. 

ataligo 

Walnut Grove ... 
Redhouse Shoals. 

Bnrtalo 

Arbnckle 

Pt. Pleasant... 

(302) F'm Lynchburg 
TO White Sulphur 
Springs, Va., 

Fia JVatural Bridge. 

18 



ToWaugh's Fer'y 
Bn loony Falls .... 
JVatural Bridge . 
Rebecca Furnace. 

Clifton Forge 

(Jovington 

Callaghan's 

White Sulphur 
Springs 



(303) F'm Lynchburg 
TO Knoxville, Tenn. 

Via Blountsville- 
To New London .Mil 
I 71 18 



Otter Bridge. 



(304) F'm Lynchburo 

TO Salisbury, N.C. 

Via Danville. 

To Campbell CH. 

Yellow Branch... 

Castle Craig 

Ward's Bridge ... 

Chalk Level 

Robertson's Store. 

Pittsylvania 

Danville 

Rawlingsburg, 
N.C 

Reidsville 

Troublesome Cr'k 

Hillsdale 

Greensboro' ... 

Jamestown 

Brummell's 

Rich Fork 

Lexington 

Salisbury 



90 

99 

103 

112 

13125 

ni36 

10146 

6152 

6158 

I7I175 



(305) Fr'm Hicksford 

to roxboro', n.c. 
To Stony Mount . 



Fercival' 
Ijawrenceville. . . . 
Diamond Grove.. 
Tanner's Store ... 
Lombardy Grove. 

Union Level 

Boydton 



134 



ROUTES IN OHIO. 



Clarksville 1121 70 

Whitehouse 8 78 

RoxBORo' I20| 98 

(306) Fr'm Cleveland 
TO Buffalo, A.Y. 

To Euclid 

E. Euclid 

Willoughby.., 

Mentor 

Painesville ... 

Perry 

Madison , 

Union ville. .... 

Saybrook , 

Ashtabula .. 

Kingsville 

Amboy 

Conneuut 

Fairview, Pa. 

Erie , 

Buffalo— 
(see i\o. 253) 



196 



Columbus 

Alton 

W. Jefferson 

La Fayette 

Summerfield 

Brighton Centre.. 

Jspringfielp 

Yellow Springs... 
Xenia , 



11 142 
9151 
51.56 
8164 
5169 
5174 

10,184 
91193 
91202 



(307) Fr'm Cleveland 
TO Toledo. 

To Rockport 

Dover 

JM. Ridgeville .... 

Elyria 

Amherst 

Henrietta 

Birmingham 

Florence 

Berlinville 

Milan 

Norwalk 

Monroevilie 

Lyme 

Bellevue 

Lower Sandusky. 

Black Swamp 

Woodville 

Perrysburtr 

Maumee City 

Toledo 



Little Miama RR. 
Spring Valley ... 

Corwin 

Morrow 

Deerfield 

Foster's Crossing 

Polktown 

Milford 

Columbia 

Cincinnati 



71216 
14 230 
5235 
5'240 
6'246 
7(253 
91262 
5l26/ 



(309) Fr'm Cleveland 
to Pittsburg, Pa. 



(308) Fr'm Cleveland 

TO Cincinnati. 
To Brooklyn 

Parma 

Strong ville 



Brunswick .. 

Medina 

Guilford 

Wooster 

Big Prairie.. 
Loudonville. 
Democracy.. 
Mt. Vernon . 
Mt. Liberty . 
Centreburg. . 

Sunbury 

Galena 

Westerville . 
Blendon 



9 
13 

9 
11 
14 

8 91 
10 101 

51106 
ll|ll7 

4il21 

7128 

31131 



To Newburg 

Bedford 

Twinsburg 

Hudson 

Stow 

Franklin Mills.... 

Ravenna 

Edinburg 

Palmyra 

Frederick 

Ellsworth 

Cantield 

Boardman 

Poland 

New Middletown. 

Petersburg 

Enon Valley, Pa. 

Darlington 

Beaver 

Freedom 

Economy 

Sewickly Bottom. 

Alleghany 

Pittsburg 



Linville 

Brownsville 

Gratiot 

Hopewell 

Zanesville 

Bridgeville 

Norwich 

New Concord.. 

Cambridge , 

Washington 

Middlebourn .... 

Fairview 

Morristown 

St. Clairsville .. 

Bridgeport 

Wheeling, Va. 



(312) From Columbus 
to Pittsburg, 
Via Steubenville. 



4 


%> 


5 40 


2 42 


4 4K 


Hi 54 


8' 62 


3 65 


3 6« 


9 77 


HI H.1 




92 


3 


95 


1(1 


105 


11 


116 


10126 


1127 



To Reynoldsburg, 

Etna 

Kirkersville , 

jLuray 

Hebr<in , 



Jucksontown 

Linville 

Brownsville 

Gratiot 

Hopewell 

Zanesville — 

Bridgeville 

Norwich 

New Concord — 

Cambridge 

Winchester 

Antrim 

Londonderry 



7 116 
3119 
13JI32 
lll33 



(310) Fr'm Cleveland 
TO Buffalo, N. Y. 
Steambuat 
To Ashtabula . . . 

Erie, Pa 

Portland. N.Y. . 

Dunkirk 

Buffalo 



kI qoj Smyrna 

Sig; Morelield.... 

l(H!^ Greene 

"^'"^■liWintersville. 



44 104 
301134 
161.50 
451195 



(311) From Columbus 

TO Wheeling, Va. 
To Reynoldsburg. 11 

Etna 

Kirkersville 

Liiray 

Hebron 

Jacksontowii 



5 78 
4 82 
4 86 
4 90 
4 94 

13107 
7114 

10 124 
5129 
3 132 
4;136 
5141 
4145 
91.54 

13ll67 



GO (313) From Columbus 



steubenville ., 
Holliday's Cove., 

Paris 

Florence 

Bavington 

Fayette , 

Pittsburg 



I 11 

6 17 
5 22 

3 25 
2i 27 

4 31 

4 2d 

5 40 
2 42 
4 46 
8 54 



TO Cleveland. 



To Blendon . 

Westerville.. 

Galena 

Sunbury .- 

Centreburg.. 

Mt. Liberty . 

Mt. Vornon . 

Deniocriii-y.. 
I Ltiudonville. 
jBig Prairie .. 

Wooster .. 
iGuiin.rd 



p 



ROUTES IN OHIO. 



Medina. 

Brunswick . . 
Strongville .. 

Piirmn 

Brooklyn 

Cleveland. 



I Richmondale ! 8 

.Iiickson 15 

Rocky Hill | 8 

Gallipolis i'<J3 



(314) From Columbus 

TO Sandusky. 
To Worthingtoii . 9 

VVilliamsville ... 

Delaware 

Norton 

Marion 

Bucyrus 

Chattield 

Attica 

Reedtown 

Siierman 

Bellevue 

Sandusky 



(315) From Colu 

TO Indianapolis 

Via Dayton. 

To Alton 

W. Jefferson 

La Fayette 

Brighton Centre.. 

Springfield 

Enon 

Fairfield 

Dayton 

Liberty 

W. Alexandria... 

Eaton 

New VVe^tville... 
Richmond, Ind. .. 

CentrevilJe 

Cambridge 

Dublin 

Lewisville 

Ogden 

Knightstown 

Charlottesville 

Greenfield 

Philadelphia 

Cumberland 

Indi.vnapolis 



(316) From Columbus 

TO Portsmouth. 
To S. Bloomfield . 

Circleville 

Chillicothe 

VVaverly 

Piketon 

Lucasville 

Portsmouth — 



(317) From Columbus 

TO Gallipolis. 
To S. Bloomfield.! 117 

Circleville 9 26 

Chillicothe Iisl 4a 



(318) F'mColumbus to 

Maysville, Ken. 
To Chillicothe— 
(see No. 317) . . 

Bourneville 

Bainbridge 

Cynthiana 

Sinking Spring.. 
Locust Grove ... 

DunbHrton 

West Union 

.Aberdeen 

Maysville 



Kingston ..; 

(JhILLU OTHE — 

To Maysville— 

(see No. 318) ... 



135 



91 61 
10 71 



■9150 



(319) From Columbus 

TO Athens. 
To Lithopolis . , . . 

Courtwright 

Lancaster 

Sugar Grove 

Logan 

Nelsonville 

Channcey 

Athens 



(320) From Columbus 

to Marietta. 
To Zanesvillk, 
(see No. 312)... 

Blue Rock 

McConnellsville.. 

Beverly 

Waterford 

Lowell 

Marietta 



(321) F'm Zanesville 

to Cleveland. 
To Coshocton.... 

Keene's 

:Mill Creek 

Clark's 

Millersburg 

Wooster 

Guilford 

Medina 

Brunswick 

Strongville 

Parma 

Brooklyn 

Cleveland 



(322) F'm Zanesville 
TO Maysville, Ky. 

To Putnam I 1 

Fultonham 8 

Somerset 10 

Rushville 8 

Ijancnster I 9 



Tarlton. 



161 52 



(323) F'm Zanesville 

TO Wheeling, Va. 
To Bridgeville. 

Norwich 

New Concord . 

Cimilindge 

Washington... 
.Middiebourne . 

Fairview 

.Morristown 

St. Clairsville . 

Bridgeport 

Wheeling ... 



73 



(324) F'm Chillicothe 
TO Gallipolis, 



(See No. 317) 



(325) Fr'm Cincinnati 
TO West Union. 



To Fulton 

Newtown 

Mt. Carmel 

Batavia 

Williamsburg... 

Bethel 

Hamersville 

Georgetown 

Kussellville 

Decatur 

West Union... 



(326) Fr'm Cincinnati 
TO Chillicothe. 

To Fulton 2 

Plainville 

Milford 

Perrin's Mills.... 

Gordonville 

Fayetteville 

Dodsonville 

Rainsboro' 

Bainbridge 

Bourneville 

Chillicothe... 



(327) Fr'm Cincinnati 
TO Zanesville, 

Via Circleville. 



To Wnlnut Hills. 
Pleasant Ridge... 

Montgomery 

Twenty. mile 

Stand 

Hopkinsville 

Rochester 

Cliuksville 

Wilmington 



136 



ROUTES IN OHIO. 



Sabina HO 



Washington. 
New Holland. 
Williamsport. 

Circleville 

Amanda 

Lancaster 

Rusliville 

Somerset 

Fultonham .. 

Putnam 

Zanesville . 



971 

109! 

118 

9127 

81351 
10 145 i 
8 153: 
II154 



(330) Fr'm Cincinnati! 

TO SiDNKV, j 

Via Dayton. | 

To Carthage 



(328) Fr'm Cincinnati 
TO Wheeling, Va. 

Via Springfield, Colum- 
bus, <S- Zanesville. 

Little Miama RR. 

ToColumhia 

Plain ville 

Milford 

Germany 

Indian Ripple 

Polktown 

Loveland's 

Foster's 

Deerfield , 

Morrow 

Loekport 

Freeport 

Corwin 

Claysville 

Sprnig Valley ... 

Xenia 

Yellow Springs . 
Springfield — 
Brighton Centre. 

L:i Fayette 

West Jetterson . . 

Alton 

Columbus 

Reynoldsburg ... 

Etna 

Kirkersvilie 

Luray 

Hebron 

Jacksontown 

Linnville 

Brownsville 

Gratiot 

Hopewell 

Zanesville — 
Wheeling— 

(see No. 323) . . 



Springdale 

Hamilton 

Middletown 

Franklin 

Miamisburg 

Alexandersville... 

Dayton 

W. Charleston . . . 

Troy 

Piqua 

Sidney 



7| 13| 

is' 41; 
H 47 1 

6 53 
4' 57 i 
8| 651 

10 75 
111 86 

7 93 
131106 



(331) Fr'm Cincinnati 
TO Indianapolis. 

To Cheviott 

Dry Ridge 

Cieves 

Elizabethtown ... 
Lawrenceburgjia, 

Manchester 

Laugherty 

Delaware 

Napoleon 

Greensburg , 

St. Omar 

Shelby ville , 

Brandy wme , 

Pleasant View 

Bethel 

Indianapolis 



Campbellsville... 

Greensburg 

Monroe 

Three Springs 

Blue Spring Grove 

Glasgow 

Scottsville 

State Line 

Gallatin 

Nashville 



12161 
12173 
11184 

6190 
4194 
13 207 
25 232 
91241 
24 265 



4 
4 
4 

6 
10 

7 

4 

6 
12 
10 
11 

6 
12 
14114 

8I122 



(332) Fr'm Cincinn-^^.ti 
TO St. Louis, 
Via Indianapolis. 
To Indianapolis— 
(see N(j. 331) .. . 



10105 
8113 
S]lB:sr. Lou 



9127 
11138 
6 144 

5l49i 

31521 

154 1 

1581 



167 



254 



(329) Fr'm Cincinnati 
TO Cleveland, 
Columlms and 
H'uuster. 



Via 



To Columbus— 
(see No. 328). 

Cleveland — 
(see No. 313).. 



127 



(see No. 500)... 237 



(333) Fr'm Cincinnati 
TO Lexington, Ky. 

Steambont. 
To Covington 
Stage. 

Florence 

Crittenden 

Williamstown 
Georgetown. . 

Delphi 

Lexington.. 



. 6 

8l S4 

(334) Fr'm Cincinnati 
TO Nashville, Tenn. 
To Lexington— 
(see No. 333) . 
Nicholasville. .. 
Shawnee Run.. 
Harrodsburg 

Perryville 

Lebanon 

Newmarket 



84 
12i 96 



(335) Fr'm Cincinnati 
TO Natchez, Miss. 



To Nashville— 
(see No. 334) ... 

Good Spring 

Franklin 

Springhill 

(Columbia 

Mt. Pleasant 

Lawrenceburg ... 

Florence 

Tuscumbia 

Russellville 

Tollgate 

Pikeville 

Moscow 

Border Spring, 
Miss 

Columbus 

Shoco 

[Choctaw Agency 

'Louisville 

Hopahka 

Ot'ahoma 

Springfield 

Sharon 

IC^anton 

Jackson 

Newtown 

Line Store 

(iailatin 

Malcolm 



291 

304 

309 

12 321 

12333 

11344 

22;366 

36j402 

407 

18l425 

33458 

101468 

19 487 



502 
519 
537 
543 

•568 
605 
613 
1619 
H630 
7 637 
23 660 
101670 
12682 
15l697 
331730 
Jlississippi Railroad. 

Washington I14l744 

Natchez llbU60 

(336) Fr'm Cincinn-vti 
to Baltimore, Md. 

Via Wheeling Hr Cum- 
berland. 

To Wheeling, 
Va.- 
(see No. 328) . 

Triadelphia. Va, 

I W. Alexander.. 

! Claysville 

I Washington.... 

IHillsboro' 

iBealsville 

IE. Bethlehem .. 

Brownsville 

Uniontown 

ISumertield 



6 314 
12 326 
21347 



ROUTES IN OHIO. 



137 



Addison, Pa I 4i351l 

Little Crossing ... 13 364 

Frostburg ,13 377 

Cumberland ;10 387 

Baltimore tV' Ohio RR. j 



81395' 
13i408 

4412 
\i 424 

9 433 



442 
447 
454 

458 

465 

8 473 



Patterson's Creek 
Little Cacapon... 
Pawpaw Tunnel.. 
DoeGnlleyTun'J. 
Great Cacapon... 

Hancock 

Walnut Bend 

BarkCr'k Bridge. 

Hedgesville 

Martinsburg... 

Kerneysville 

Harper's Ferry 11 484 

Frederick 20 5041 

Ellicott's Mills... 47 5.51 j 

Baltimore 14 £63 

(337) Fr'm Cincinnati 

TO Pittsburg. 

To Wheeling- 

(see No. 328) . 

Triadelphia, Va 

W.Alexander,Pa 

Claysville 

Washington... 
Cannonsburg.. 
Harriottsville.. 
Pittsburg ... 



iPlainville 

'iMilford 

Germany 

Indian Ripple 

Polktt)wn 

Foster's 

Deertield 

Morrow 

Lockport 

: Freeport 

Corwin 

Claysville , 

i^pring Valley 

Xenia 



6273 
10283 

7 290 

8 298 
10 308 

(338) Fr'm Cincinnati 

TO Sandusky City. 
TAttleMiamaRRA I 
To (,'olunibia | I 5 



4 


^1 


5 


14 


2 


16 




17 




21 




27 1 


5 3211 


51 37 ll 




42 




45 




51 


4' .i5|| 


3' 58;' 


7 


65 



Stage. 

Peru 

Steuben 

New Haven.. 

Plymouth 

Shelby 

Mansfield.., 



16 

6 

5 

5 

8! 56 
13 69 



43 



Stage. 
Yellow Springs 

Springfield 10 1 85 

Urbana 14 .99 



101 



W. Liberty 
Bellefontaine. 

Cherokee 

Howell's 

Kenton 



111110 
8ill8 
6124 
7:131 
11142 
Mad River RR. 

Carey 231165 

Tiffin 16 181 

Republic 9 190 

Befievue 13 203 

Sandusky 16219 

From Sandusky to 

Mansfield. 

Mansfield RR. 

ToMonroeviile...! I 16 



From Sandusky to 
Buffalo, N.Y. 

Steamboat. 

ToHunin 10 

Black River 20 30 

Cleveland 27 57 

Ashtabula 60117 

Erie, Pa 44 161 

Portland, N.Y. .. 30191 
nun kirk.. ih'';>n7 


Buffalo 


45 252 



From Sandusky to 
Chicago, 111. 

Steamboat. 

To Detroit 

Ft. Gratiot 

Point au Barques 
Thunder Bay Isl. 

Pres(]ue Isle 

Mackinac 

Manitou Islands. 
Milwaukie, Wis. 

Racine 

South port 

(Chicago, 111. ... 



I 75 
72147 
75 222 
75 297 
80 377 
65 442 
103 545 
150 695 
25 720 
13 733 
57.790 



DESCRIPTION OF THE SOUTHERN STATES, 

AND 

THE PRINCIPAL CITIES, TOWNS, WATERING- 
PLACES, &c 



^^•. 




^x^sa 



_ _ CK MT'i 

<-U^ iNURTH CAROl.lXA lie.- between 33^ 50' and 

■^^5 3(3° 30' N. lat , and hetwfc ii 7j«' 45' and 84*^ W. Ion. 

from Greenwich; and between 6*^ :iO' W., and 1" 33' 

i;. Ion. from Washington. Population in 1840. 

753,419. 

Along the entire coast of this state there is a ridge 
of sand, separated from the main land in some places 
liy narrow, and in other places by broad sounds and 
b.iys. The passages or inlets tiirough it are shaihiw 
and dangcrou-, Ocracoke inlet being the only one through which vessels 
pa-".. Capes Hritteras and Lookout are projecting points in this belt, and 
ott them, particularly the former, is the most dangerous navigation on the 
coast of the United JStates. Cape Fear is on an island off the mouth of 
Cape Fear river. For 60 or 80 miles from the shore, the country is level ; 
the streams are sluggish, and there are many swamps and marshes. The 
soil is sandy and poor, excepting on the margins of the streams, where it 
is frequently very fertile. I'lie natural growth of this region is mostly the 
pitch-pine. This tree affords tar, pitch, turpentine, and lumber, which 
constitute an important part of the e.xports of the state. In the swampa 
rice of a fine quality is raised. Back of the flat country, and extending 
to the lower falls of the rivers, is a belt of land about 40 miles wide, of 
a moderately uneven surface, a sandy soil, and of which the pitch pine is 
the prevailing natural growth. Above the falls the country is hilly, the 
streams have a more rapid current, and the country is more fertile, pro- 
ducing wheat, rye, flax, oats, and barley. The western part of the state 
is an elevated tnble-land, about 1,800 feet above the level of the sea, 
with some high ranges and very elevated summits. Black Mountain, in 
Yancy county, 6,476 feet high, is the highest land in the United States 
east of the Rocky Mountains. Roan Mountain is 6,038 feet, and Grand- 
father Mountain is 5,iS56 feet high. Throughout the state Indian corn is 
raised, and in some parts considerable cotton. In the low country, grapes, 
plums, blackberries, and strawberries grow spontaneously; and on the 
intervals canes prow luxuriantly, the leaves of which, continuing green 
during winter, furnish food for cattle. In the elevated country, oak 
walnut, lime, arid cherry trees, of a large growth, abound. 



STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA. 139 

The principal rivers are— tiie Cliowiin. 400 miles lone:, navigable for 
small vessels 30 miles ; Roanoke ; Pamlico, navigable for 30 miles ; Tar ; 
Neuse ; Cape Fear, the largest river in the state, 280 miles long, with 
eleven feet of water to Wilmington ; the Yadkin, which forms a part 
of the Great Pedee in South Carolina. 

The constitution of this state was adopted in December, 1776, and re- 
vised in 1835. The senate and house of commons are elected biennially 
by the people. The senate consists of 50 members, and the house of com- 
mons of J20. The senate is chosen by districts, the number being 
apportioned by the amount of state taxes paid. The members of the 
house of commons are apportioned among the counties according to their 
population. The governor is chosen for two years by the qualified voters, 
and is eligible only four years in six. There is an executive council of 7 
members, chosen biennially by a joint vote of both houses. In case 
of the death of the governor, his duties devolve upon the speaker of the 
senate. The judges of the Supreme Court are chosen by a joint-ballot 
of both houses of the legislature, and hold their office during good 
behavior. The attorney-general is appointed by the legislature for 
4 years. The right of suffrage extends to all free white persons 21 years 
of age, who have been inhabitants of the state for twelve months previous 
to the election ; but in order to vote for a senator, a freeman must possess 
a freehold of 50 acres of land. The legislature meets biennially at 
Raleigh, on the second Monday of November, and the governor is chosen 
in August preceding. 

There are three colleges in the state, viz. : The University of North 
Carolina, at Chapel Hill ; Davidson College, in Mecklenburg county ; 
and Wake Forest College, at Forestville. There are 145 academies and 
637 common schools. 

The first permanent settlement in this state was on the eastern bank of 
the Chowan river, about 1660, by emigrants who, in consequence of 
religious persecution, fled from Nansemond, Virginia. The constitu- 
tion of the United States was adopted in convention, Nov. 27th, 1789 — 
yeas 193, nays 75. 

Raleirh, the capital of the state, is pleasantly situated, a few miles 
west of Neuse river, 27 NW. Smitlifield, the nearest ordinary point of 
navigation, 164 SSW. Richmond, Va., 288 from Washington. Popula- 
tion 2,500. In the centre of the city is Union Square, containing ten 
acres, from which extend four streets, dividing it into four quarters. In 
the centres of these quarters are four other squares, of four ncres each. 
Tlie four largest streets are 99 feet wide, and the others 66. The Slate- 
house is a superb granite edifice, built after the model of the Parthenon at 
Athens. It is 166 feet long, 90 feet wide, and surrounded by massive 
granite columns, 5i feet in diameter, and 30 feet liigh. Besides the above, 
the city contains a court-house, governor's house, a theatre, two banks, 
4 academies, five churches, and 400 dwellings. The North Carolina 
Literary, Scientific, and Military Academy has 3 professors and about 50 
students. The former state-house, containing a beautiful marble statue 
of Washington, by Canova. was burned in 1831. Wake Forest (College 
is at Forestville, 15 miles from Raleigh. It was founded in 1838, and 
has a president, 3 professors, 25 students, and 4,700 volumes in its 
libraries. The commencement is on the third Thursday in June. Cars 
arrive from, and depart daily for Richmond, Va,, via Gnstmi and 
Petersburg. Stages leave daily for Columbia, S. C, via Faynttcvillu ; 
tliree time^ a week for Greensboro ; fur Sa/isburi/ ; and for Goldsboru. 



140 STATE OF NORTH CAROLmA. 

Weldon is situiited on the right bank of Roanoke river, at the Great 
fulls, at the head of navigation, and 95 miles from Raleigh. It contains 
two churches, an academy, and about 300 inhabitants. Halifax, seven 
miles below the falls, on the Roanoke, contains a court-house, a bank, two 
churches, an academy, and 500 inhabitants. Cars arrive from, and de- 
part daily for Wilminston; for Richmond, Va. ; andforJVorfolk. 

Edenton is situated near the mouth of (Jhowan river, on Edenton 
bay, which sets up from Albemarle Sound, eighty-six miles by land 
from Norfolk. It contains an elegant court-house, a bank, an academy, 
two churches, and about 1,600 inhabitants. Stages leave 3 times a week 
for JVorf/lk, Va. ; and for J^cwbern via Plymouth. 

Eliza BKTH City, situated on the right bank of Pascotank river, 
contains a court-house, an academy, 2 churches, and 2,000 inhabitants. 

Tarboro, situated on the right bank of Tar river, at the head ot 
steamboat navigation, has a court-house, a bank, two churches, an 
academy, and about 600 inhabitants. Stages leave 3 times a week for 
Raleigh and for ffashinston. 

Washington, situated on the left bank of Tar river, at the head ot 
ship navigation, has a court-house, a church, an academy, and 1,200 
iniiabitanls. Stages leave 3 times a week for Raleigh ; and fur JVewbern. 

Nevvbern, situated on Neuse river at the junction of Trent river, 
126 miles from Raleigh, was formerly the capital of the slate. It is 
more healthy than most other places in the state so near the seaboard. 
It contains a court-house, a theatre, a Masonic-hall, two banks, three 
churches, four academies, and 4,000 inhabitants. Stages leave three 
times a week for RxUeigh ; for Tarboro ; for Plymouth ; and for Beaufort. 

Beaufort, situated on North river, eleven miles from Cape Lookout, 
and 170 from Raleigh, has a good harbor for vessels drawing not more than 
14 feet water. It contains a court-house, a Masonic-hall, a female seminary, 
a male seminary, a church, and 1,200 inhabitants. The harbor is defended 
by Fort Macon, on Bogue Point. Stages leave 3 times a week for Raleigh. 

Wilmington lies on the left bank of Cape Fear river, at the head of 
ship navigation, 35 miles from the ocean, and 136 from Raleigh. It is 
the most commercial and populous town in the state. It has a court- 
house, two banks, an academy, 2 churches, and about 5,000 inhabitants. 
Cars arrive from, and depart daily for Richmond, Va., and iVashingUm ; 
and also for JVorfolk, Va. (See routes 351 and 352.) Steamboats daily to 
and from Charleston, S. C. 

Fayetteville is situated on the right bank of Cape Fear river, 88 
miles from Wilmington. It is regularly laid out, and contains a court- 
house, two banks, 3 churches, 4 academies, a United States arsenal of 
construction, several extensive cotton factories and mills, and 4,500 in- 
habitants. It has several times suffered severely by lire. The river is 
navigable for steamboats to this place ; and it commands an extensive 
trade with the interior. Stages leave daily for Raleigh, and for Cheraw, 
S. C. ; 3 times a week for fVarsaw ; and twice a week for Salisbury. 

Warrenton is situated on a branch of Tar river, 62 miles northeast 
from Raleigh. It has a court-house, a church, an academy, and 700 in- 
habitants. The Shocco White Sulphur Springs are twelve miles from 
Warrenton. The waters contain sulphureted hydrogen gas, carbonic 
acid gas, sulphate of magnesia, sulpiiafe of lime, oxide of iron, muriate 
of soda, and carbonate of lime : they have been found beneficial in cases 
of dyspepsia, liver complaint, and diseases of the skin. Stages leave the 
Warrenton depot daily for the Springs. (See route 341.) 



STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA. 141 



CiiM'LL Him. i> ^iHKitc d "2- mile- liom U.iK i^h, 1)Hu((I) the liriuiclies 
of New Hope river. It i> the af.it i»t tlic L'uivtrsity of ^<)rtll Carolina, 
founded in 1789. Its ediiices, tive in number, are buiii of brick, and con- 
tain, besides the libraries, a chemical apparatus and iiiineralogical cabinet. 
It has a president 7 professors, 2 tutors, 777 alumni, 156 students, and 12,0110 
volumes in its libraries. The commencement is on the first Tliursday in 
June. The village has about 300 inhabitants. 

Greensboro' is situated on a branch of Haw river, 82 miles from 
Raleigh. It contains a court-house, a church, the Caldwell Institute, an 
academy, and about 700 inhabitants. Rockingham Sprhigs, 24 miles 
from Greensboro', are on one of the north branches of Haw river. The 
waters are in much repute. St(ig;es leave, Greensboro^ 3 times a week for 
Raleigh ; for Miltov ; fur Danville, Va. ; for IVyUieville, f^a. ; for 
Kvoxville, Tenn. ; and for Satigburi/. 

Salem, on a branch of Yadkin river, is a pretty village extending for a 
mile and a half mostly on one street, shaded with trees. It has a church, 
a Moravian academy, a bank, and about 1,00(1 inhabitants. Twenty-four 
miles NW. from Salem is the Pi/ot Mountain, a regular cone, rising to 
the height of 1,750 feet above the surrounding plain, and terminating in a 
huge rock called the Pinnacle. (See route 344.) 

Salisbury is situated on a branch of Yadkin river, 115 miles from 
Raleigh, at the great central point of travel in the western part of the state. 
The village has a church, a court-house, an academy, and 700 inliabitants. 
Here is an ancient stone wall, laid in cement, from 12 to 14 feet liigh and 22 
inches thick, which reaches to within a foot of the surface ; and the length 
of what has been discovered is about 300 feet. The object, time, and 
purpose of its construction are uncertain. Stage-f leave 3 times a week 
for Raleigh ; for Danville, Va. ; for Knozville, Tenn. ; for Columbia, 
S. C. ; for Clieraw; and.for Faijetteville. 

Charlotte is situated a few miles east from the Catawba river, and 
158 from Raleigh. It contains a court-house, a branch of the United 
States Mint, 4 churches, and l.(X)0 inhabitants. East of the village are a 
number of very productive gold mines. About twenty miles from Charlotte 
is Davidson College, founded in 1838. It has a president, two profes- 
eors, 31 alumni, 49 students, and 1,200 volumes in its libraries. The 
commencement is on the last Thursday in June. Stages leave three times 
a week for Salisbury: and for Columbia, S. C. 

LiNCOLNTON, beautifully situated on the left bank of the Little Catawba 
river, 172 miles from Raleigh, has a court-house, three churches, two 
academies, and 900 inliabitants. There are in the vicinity several ex- 
tensive mills and manufactories of cotton, iron, and paper. The Catawba 
Springs are 14 miles east from Lincolnton. The waters contain sulphate 
of magnesia and lime. The scenery in this part of the state is truly 
beautiful. Twenty miles west front Lincolnton are tiie Shelby Sulphur 



142 



STATE OF SOUTH CAROLINA. 



Springs, the waters of which are verj' similar to the Sulphur springs ^f 
Virginia. Stages leave Lincolnton 3 times a week for Salisbury ; and for 
Jishville ; and twice a week for Camden, S. C. 

AsHViLLE is situated on the right bank of French Broad river, 250 
miles from Raleigh. It is in a healthy and beautiful mountain region, and 
has a court-house, an academy, two churches, and 700 inhabitants. A 
few miles southwest from the village is a sulphur spring much frequented. 
The fVarm Springs are situated on the left bank of French Broad river, 
34 miles from Ashville. The temperature of the Springs is from 96° t.) 
100° Fahrenheit, and the waters contain the muriates and sulphates of 
lime and magnesia, are limpid, and emit nitrogen gas. Chronic rheuma- 
tism and paralysis have been cured by drinking the water, and by fre- 
quent outward applications. Stages leave Jishville 3 times a week for 
Raleigh via Salisbury , for Columbia, S. C. ; and for JVashville via 
Knoxville. 





SOUTFl CAROLliNA is situated between 32* 2' 

ind 35^ 10' N lat , and between 78° 24' and 83° 30* 

^"^N W. Ion. It is 200 miles long and 125 broad, con- 

j^\ taining about 25,000 square miles. Population in 1840, 

^, 594,398. 
I oJ^j The seacoast is bordered with a chain of islands. 
^f between which and the shore there is a very convenient 
r**^ navigation. The main land is naturally divided into 
*^" the Lower and Upper country. The low country ex 
tends from 80 to 100 miles from the seacoast, and is covered with ex- 
tensive forests of pitch-pine, called pine barrens, interspersed with marshes 
and swamps of a rich soil. The banks of the large rivers, and the creeks 
of this region, are bordered with a belt of excellent land, producing cotton 
and Indian corn in abundance. The marshes and swamps in this district 
make fine rice plantations. After leaving the low country, in proceeding 
into the interior, you first pass through a region of little sand-hills, which 
have been compared to the arrested waves of the sea in a storm. This 
curious country, sometimes denominated the Middle Country, continues 
for 50 or 60 miles, till you arrive at the Ridge or Upper country, the 
ascent to which, proceeding from the Atlantic, is sudden and somewhat 
precipitous. The lower falls of the rivers are found along this rfdge. The 
low grounds between the sand-hills are suitable for acriculture and 
pasturage; but with these exceptions, the country below the ridge is bar- 
ren, and scarcely worth cultivation. Beyond the ridge commences a beau 
tiful and healtliy country of hills and dales, with fine flowing streams ol 
pure water. This whole region may be regarded as an elevated table- 
land, and is generally fertile. In the distance of 220 miles NVV. from 



STATE OF SOUTH CAROLIxVA. 143 

Charleston, the land is 800 feet above the level of the sea. From this 
the country rises gradually to a mountainous region to the west, where 
the great Alleghany range passes through the state, in several ridges, 
some of which have high peaks. Table Mountain, one of the most 
conspicuous of these, is 4,000 feet above the level of the sea. The 
staple productions of the state are cotton and rice, great quantities 
of which are exported. Rice is extensively cultivated where the land 
can be irrigated by the tide or the overflowing of the rivers. The sea- 
island cotton, produced in the islands along the shores, is of a superior 
quality, and is in great demand. 

The Great Pedee river, 450 miles long, rises in North Carolina, and 
runs through the eastern part of the state. It is navigable for sloops 
130 miles. The Santee, formed by the junction of the Wateree and 
the Congaree, rises in North Carolina, and has a sloop navigation for 
about 130 miles. The Saluda is a branch of the Congaree. The Edisto 
is navigable for large boats 100 miles. The Savannah washes the whole 
southwest border of the state, and is a noble stream. There are several 
smaller rivers, among which are Cooper, Ashley, and Combahee. 

The literary institutions in this state are— the College of South Carolina, 
at Columbia ; Charleston College, at Charleston ; the Medical School, at 
Charleston; and three theological institutions. There are about 1'20 
academies or grammar schools, and 600 common schools. 

The constitution was formed in 1775, and reconstructed in 1790. The 
governor is elected for two years by a joint vote of both houses of the as- 
sembly. After having served one term, he is ineligible for the next four 
years. A lieutenant-governor is chosen in the same maimer and for the 
same period. The Senate consists of 45 members, elected by districts for 
four years. The House of Representatives consists of 124 members, ap- 
portioned among the several districts according to the number of white 
inhabitants and taxation, and are elected for two years. The representa- 
tives and one half the senators are chosen every second year, in October. 
The legislature meets annually in Columbia, on the fourth Monday in 
November. The chancellor and judges of the Supreme Court are chosen 
by the joint ballot of both houses of the Assembly, and hold their offices 
during good behavior. Every free white male citizen 21 years of age, 
who has resided in the state two years immediately preceding the 
election, and who is possessed of a freehold of 50 acres of land or a town- 
lot, six months before the election ; or not possessing this freehold, who 
shall have resided in the election district in which he ofl^ers to vote, 
six months before the election, and have paid a tax of three shillings 
sterling to the support of the government, has the right of suffrage. 

The first settlement of this state was made at Port Royal, in 1670. 
The constitution of the United States was adopted in convention, May 
23d, 1788— yeas 149, nays 73. 

Columbia, the capital of the state, is situated on the left bank of the 
Congaree river, immediately below the junction of Broad and Saluda 
rivers, 130 miles from Charleston. From the river there is a gradual 
ascent for one mile, reaching to a height of 200 feet, where it spreads out 
into a plain of two or three miles in extent, descending on every side. 
On this plain the city is built. It is regularly laid out into wide and 
handsome streets, and extensively planted with trees. It has a state- 
house 170 feet long, 60 wide, and two stories high ; a couri-house, town- 
hall, market-house, two banks, a theatre, an academy, a female seminary, 
an asylinn, 6 churches, and 4,400 inhabitants, (^olumbia is also the 



144 



STATE OF SOUTH CAROLINA. 



Beat of South Carolina College, founded in 1804, which has a president 
iind 6 professors or other in^5tructors, 150 students, and 15,000 volumes in 
its libraries. The commencement is on the first Monday in December. 
Its buildings are commodious, and contain a philosophical apparatus and 
an observatory. The Southern Theological Seminary, founded in 1831, 
has two professors, 16 students, and 4,000 volumes in its libraries. A 
bridge here crosses the Congaree river. Sfmmboats ply between this place 
and Charleston. Cars arrive from, avd depart daily for Charhston. 
atages leave daily fur Raleigh via Chcraw ; 3 times a week for Jlugusta, 
Ga. : for Greenville : fur Yorkville : twice a week for Rutherfordton, JV. C. 




(Jhart.>;.ston, tiie metropolis, is situated in 32^ 4()' 33" N. hit., and 79° 
57' 27" W. Ion., 580 miles from Baltimore, and 765 from New York. 
Population in 1840, 29,261 ; to which may properly be added the in- 
habitants of the " Neck" north of tiie city, but lying without its chartered 
limits, which contains 11,876; these added to the city population make a 
total of 41,137 inhabitants. Charleston is on a peninsula formed by the 
confluence of Ashley and Cooper rivers, which unite immediately below 
tlie city, and form a spacious and convenient harbor, communicating with 
the ocean at Sullivan's Island, seven miles southeast of the city. The 
city is defended by Fort Pinckney, two miles below, and Fort Johnson, 4 
miles, and by Fort Moultrie on Sullivan's Island. The ground on which 
the city is built is elevated eight or nine feet above the level of the harbor 
at higli tide. The streets gener.illy run parallel to each other from east to 
west, extending from river to river, and these are crossed by others, nearly 
nt right angles. The houses are neatly built, many of them of brick, and 
some of wood neatly painted, having piazzas extending to the roof, beau- 
tifuUy ornamented with vines. Tlie houses in the suburbs have fine 
gardens abounding in orange, peach, and other ornamental or useful trees, 
and a profusion of vines and shrubbery. 

The public buildings are — a city-hall, an exchange, a court-iiouse, jail, 
custom-house, a state citadel, a guard-house, two arsenals, a college, a 
medical college, an almshouse, an orphan asylum, a theatre, 7 banks, 26 
churches, 16 academics, and 2 high schools. 

The Charleston College, founded in 1795, has a president and four pro- 
fessors or other instructors, 67 alumni, 50 students, and 3,000 volumes in 
its libraries. The commencement is on the Tuesday after the fourth 
Monday in Marctr. It has a fine edifice. The JMedicaJ College of the 
State of Smith Carolina, founded in 1833, has 8 professors, and 158 
students. The lectures commence on the second Monday in November. 
It is a highly respectable institution. — The Guard-house is a fine edifice, 
occupied by a military company of about 100 persons, some of them 
mounted, who patrol the streets during the night. The Citadel, formerly 
used for this piupose, is now a military school, under the patronage of 



i STATE OF SOUTH CAROLINA. 145 

the Btate. The Orphan Asylum accommodates 250 orphans and des- 
titute children. The Literary and Philosophical Society has a fine col- 
lection of objects in natural history. The Apprentices' Library contains 
10,000 volumes, and sustains annually a course of scientific lectures. 
The City Library contains about 18,000 volumes. Sullivan's Island, 7 
miles below the city, and at the entrauce of the harbor, was the scene of 
important military events during the war of the Revolution. The city 
was founded in 1680, and chartered in 1783. Steamboats arrive from, 
and depart daily for Wilmington, JV. C. ,• and there arc lines to Savan- 
nah, Ga., and to St. Jiugustine, Fl. Cars arrive from, and devart daily 
for Columbia ; for Mobile, via Augusta, Ga. ; Jitlanta ; West Point ; 
and Montgomery, Ala. ; a7id for Memphis, Tenn., via Gunter's Landing, 
and Florence. Stages leave for Georgetown, for Camden, and for Savannah. 

The Eutaw Springs, 50 miles from Charleston, are more celebrated as 
the scene of a fierce Revolutionary battle than for their medicinal prop- 
erties. The water rises through a small opening in the earth, a few 
inches in diameter, and immediately forms a basin a few feet deep and 
about 300 feet around ; thence it percolates through a ridge of porous lime- 
stone, and at a short distance bubbles up and forms the head of Eutaw creek. 

Gkorgetown is situated on the right bank of the Great Pedee river, at 
its entrance into Winyaw bay, 9 miles from the ocean and 152 from 
Columbia. It contains a court-house, a bank, an academy, 4 churches, a 
public library, and about 2,000 inhabitants. The neighborhood is the 
scene of many of Marion's achievements ; and on North Island, the sum- 
mer retreat of the city people. La Fayette landed on his first visit to this 
country. Steamboats ply to Wihnington, JV. C, and to Charleston. 
Stages leave for Chernic, and for Charleston. 

Cheravv is beautifully situated on the right bank of the Great Pedee, 
on a plain elevated 100 feet above the river, 03 miles from Columbia. 
The river is navigable to this place for steamboats. It contains a town- 
hall, a bank, 2 academies, 5 churches, and 1,000 inhabitants. Steamboats 
ply to Georgctoion. Stages leave daily for Columbus, and for Raleigh. 

Camden is handsomely situated on a plain, one mile from the east 
bank of Wateree river, and 33 miles from Columbia. The river is 
navigable for boats of 70 tons to the town. Camden contains an elegant 
court-house, a city-hall, an academy, four 
churches, a bank, a Masonic-hall, a public 
library, and about 2,300 inhabitants. A bat- 
tle was fought here Aug. 16, 1780, between 
the armies under Gen. Gates and Lord Corn- 
wallis; and another April 23d, 1781, between 
Gen. Greene and Lord Rawdoii. On De 
Kalb-street, opposite the Presbyterian Churcb, 

is an elegant monument erected to the memory ^^^^S^P5^ '■^'^.<--^;^ 
of Baron De Kalb, tbe corner-stone of which ^^^^wM^^vaSSghi^hfitS^t--- *" 
was laid by La Fayette in 1825. Two miles west from C.imdcn is a large 
Indian mound, supposed to mark the site of an ancient town of the 
Catawbas. Stages leave daily for Culumbia ; for Cheraw; and for 
Salisbury, JV. C. ; aiid twice a week for Charleston. 

Chesterville is situated 57 miles from Columbia, on a lofty and 
beautiful elevation, between Cutawba and Broad rivers. It contains a 
court-house, an academy, and 500 inhabitants. From its commanding and 
secure position, the town has been likened to a fortress of the baronial 
days. Stages leave 3 times a locekfor Columbia ; and for Chnrlotte, JV. C. 




146 



STATE OF GEORGIA, 



Spartanburgh is situated on a branch of Brond river, and contains a 
court-house, several churehes, an acadetny, and 1,000 inhabitants. Glenn 
Sulphur Springs, twelve miles southeast from Spartanburgh, have a 
high reputation for the cure of cutaneous affections, and are much fre- 
quented. The waters of Cedar Spring are famous for their medicinal 
(jualities, particularly in rheumatism, ulcers, and even in fever and ague.. 
T/ic Pacolct Springs are also much resorted to, as are the JJmcstone 
Springs, all of which are in Spartanburgh district ; and also the famous 
battle ground of Cowpens. Stages leave '.i times a week fur Columbia; 
fur Greenville ; and for Lincolnton, JST. C. 

Greenville is beautifully situated on a gently undulating plain, 107 
miles from ('olumbia. Reedy river runs beside it, and forms near it 
eeveral beautiful cascades. The village is regularly laid out, and is re- 
markably healthy. It has a handsome brick court-house, a library, sev- 
eral houses of public worship, a male and female academy, and 1,500 in- 
habitants. In the north part of the district are numerous picturesque 
spurs of the Blue Ridge, cataracts, &c. Stages leave 3 times a week for 
Culumbia ; fur .Augusta, Ga. ; for Knoxville, Tenn., via Ashvillc, JV. 
C. : and ticice a week for Spartanburgh. 

Beat'fort is situated at the head of Port Royal river, 75 miles from 
Charleston. Its harbor is spacious and one of the best in the state ; it 
has 3 cimrches, an academy, a library, and 1,600 inhabitants. Steamboats 
■ply to Charleston, and to Savannah, Ga. 





_L0 . LR5. L LA P- GEORGIA lies between IH)'' 30' and :io^ iN. lat., and 

J between 80° .'id' and 86*^ G'VV. Ion. from Greenwich, and 

: '" Ixtwecn 3" .V/ and 8« 47' W. Ion. from Washington. 

1 1 is 300 miles long from north to south, and 240 broad, 

n.iitaining 58,000 square miles. Its population in 1840 

wa- HI)], 392; in 1845, 774.325. 

From the ocean for a distance of seven miles, there 
is a chain of islands intersected by rivers, creeks, and 
^ --- — "= -. inlets, communicating with each other, and forming an 
inland nnvigation for vessels of 100 tons burden, along the whole coast. 
These islands consist of salt marsh, and land of a gray rich soil, which 
produces sea-island cotton of a superior quality. The coaston the main 
land for four or five miles is a salt marsh. Back of this there is a narrow 
margin of land, nearly resembling that of the islands ; these are partially 
or wholly overflowed at the return of the tide, and constitute the rice 
plantations. Then commence the pine-barrens, which reach from GO to 90 
miles from the coast. Beyond this is the country of sand-bills, 30 or 40 
miles wide, interspersed with fertile tracts, and extending to the lower 
falls of the rivers. The part of the state above the falls of the rivers ia 



STATE OF GEORGIA. 147 

called the Upper Country, and has generally a strong and fertile soil, often 
inclining to a red color, and furtlier inland it is mixed with a deep black 
mould, producing cotton, tobacco, Indian corn, wheat, and other kinds of 
gram. Black walnut and mulberry trees grow abundantly in this soil. 
The forests produce oak, pine, hickory, and cedar. 

The rivers are— the Savannaii, bOO miles long, bounding the state 
on the jNE., navigable for ships 17 miles to Savannah, and a part of the 
year for steamboats, 250 miles to Augusta; the Altamalm, which is 
navigable for large vessels 12 miles to Darien, is formed by the junction 
of the Oconee and the Ocmulgee, and is navigable for sloops of 30 tons, 
by the former, to Dublin, 300 miles from the ocean; the Ogeechee, 200 
miles long, and navigable for sloops 40 miles; Flint river, which rises 
in the NW. part of the state, and after a course of more than 200 miles 
joins the Chattahoochee, forming the Apalachicola ; the Chattahoochee 
on the west border of the state, which is navigable 300 miles by steamboat 
to Columbus ; the St. Mary's river, in the southwest part of the state, 
rising in Oketinokee Swamp, and navigable 70 miles for vessels drawing 
14 feet water. Okefinokee Swamp is about 180 miles in circumference, and 
has in it several fertile islands. 

The constitution of Georgia was first formed in 1777, and its present 
one in 1793. The governor is elected by the people, and holds his office 
two years. One senator is elected for each county. The representatives 
are proportioned to the population, including three-fifths of the people of 
color, but each county is entitled to at least one, and none to more than 
four members. The General Assembly meets biennially in November, at 
Milledgeville. All the free white male inhabitants, who shall have re- 
sided within the county in which they vote, six months preceding the 
election, and shall have paid taxes in the state for the year previous, have 
the right of suffrage. The judges of the Superior Court are elected for 
three years by the legislature, and the judges of the inferior courts and jus- 
tices of the peace are elected annually by the people. 

The colleges in this state are— the University of Georgia, at Athens; 
Oglethorpe College, at Medwiiy ; Emory College, at Oxford; the Georgia 
Female College, at Macon ; Mercer College, at Penfield ; Christ College, 
at Montpelier ; and there are 180 academies and 630 common schools. 

The first settlement in the state was made at Savannah, in 1733. In 
convention, Georgia adopted the constitution of the United States, Jan. 
2d, 1798, by a unanimous vote. 

Savannah, the metropolis and the largest city in the state, is in 32« 4' 
56" N. lat., and 81° 8' 18" W. Ion.. 90 miles from Charleston, 120 from 
Augusta, and 158 from Milledgeville. Population in 1840, 11,214. It 
is situated on the right bank of Savannah river, 17 miles from hs enliance 
into the Atlantic. Owing to the safety of the channel"" ^^^^/M^M 
entering the harbor, it is rendered one of the finest in. f^^^^^^ 
the southern states. Vessels requiring 13 feet of water ■ ■ ^Mii^O 

load at the wharves of the city. The plain on which r^?,, , ! -'{^?^(^^ 
the city is built is elevated forty feet above the '"'^^''•^^^^^-^iip^^ 
and is almost a perfect level, and the streets '^''°^'' ^^^f^f^^O^ 
each other regularly at right angles. Eighteen public ^^^'\''^^^^^^- \ 
squares are laid out, and are bordered with trees, par- ^^S^^^^KiiJ 
ticularly the pride of India, which add much to ^hf- ^^^^^^^^t^ 
beauty of the place. The houses are many of them fine S^S^^Sk^^ 
buildings. The Pulaski Monument, a beautiful Doric obelisk, standing 
in the centre of one of the public squares, was erected in 1825, to the 



148 STATE OF GEORGIA. 

memories of Greene and Pulaski. It is built of white marble, and ia 
53 feet in height. 

The city contains a court-house, an exchange, an arsenal, a guard-house, 
the United States barracks, a theatre, an asylum, a widows' asylum, 13 
churciies, a market-house, an hospital, several fine banking-houses, 3 acad- 
emies, a public library, an historical society, several charitable societies, and 
a number of extensive mills and manufactories. It is a great cotton mart. 
The city was founded in 1733, and incorporated in 1761. Sttaiuboats ply 
to Charleston, and St. Augustine. Cars arrive from, and depart daily 
for Atlanta via Macon, from whence a daily line of stages leaves for 
Columbus : and for Augusta, taking stages at Brinsonville depot. 
Stages leave twice a week for St. Augustine, FL, via Darien ; and for 
Charleston, S. C. 

MiLLEDGEViLLE, the Capital of the state, is situated on the right bank of 
Oconee river, at the head of steamboat navigation, 158 miles from Sa- 
vannah. Population 2,100. The city is built on uneven ground, with 
streets running parallel with the river, and crossed by others at right 
angles. The State-house stands on an eminence in a pubhc square, three- 
fourths of a mile from the river ; it is a tasteful edifice of the Gothic 
order of architecture. The Representatives Hall is 60 by 54 feet, and con- 
tains full-length portraits of La Fayette and Gen. Oglethorpe ; the Senate- 
chamber has portraits of Washington and Jefferson. The other public 
buildings are, a governor's house, 3 churches, 3 banks, an academy, a 

market-house, an arsenal, 
and a magazine. Ogle- 
thorpe College, founded in 
1836, is situated in Med- 
way village, near the city. 
It has a president, 5 pro- 
fessors or other instructors, 
125 students, and 2.000 
volumes in its libraries. 
The commencement is on the Wednesday after the second Monday in No- 
vember. Stages leave MUledgeville daily for Columbus via Macon; 
for Augusta via Warrenton ; and for Savannah, (frum Emmet de- 
pot by railroad ;} three times a week for Madison ; and also for Haio- 
kinsvillc. 

Augusta, is situated on the right bank of Savannah river, at the head 
of steamboat navigation, 127 miles from Savannah. The city is regularly 
laid out and handsomely built, cliiefly with brick, the streets being orna- 
mented with trees, and many of the houses are spacious and elegant. It con- 
tains a city-hall, court-house, a theatre, an hospital, a medical college, 
a female asylum, an arsenal, 7 churcheS, 3 academies, and 6,500 in- 
habitants. The Medical Cullege of Georgia, founded in 1830, has seven 
professors, 115 students, and 124 graduates. The lectures commence on 
the second Monday in November. Cars arrive from, and depart daily 
for Atlanta ; from thence by stage and railroad to Montgomery, Ala. ; 
{see route 387;) for Memphis, Tenn., via Atlanta, Gunter's Landing, 
Ala. , and Tuscumbia. Stages leave daily for Savannah via Brinsonville ; 
from thence in railroad cars to Savannah. 

Athens, situated on the right bank of Oconee river, 75 miles from 
Milledgeville, contains 4 churches and about 3,000 inhabitants. It is the 
seat of the Georgia University, founded in 1785, which has a president, 
6 professors, 515 alumni, 77 students, 19,000 volumes in its libraries, and 




STATE OF GEORGIA. 149 

a very complete philosophical apparatus. The commencement is on the 
first Wednesday in August. Cars arrive from, and depart daily for 
Jiugusta. Stages leave 3 times a week for Covington ; for Oainesville ; 
and for Clarkcsville via JMadison Springs. 

The Madison Springs are twenty-five miles from Athens, on a branch 
of Broad river. The waters are strongly impregnated with iron, and have 
been found efficacious in many complaints. There is here a spacious 
hotel with good accommodations. 

Clarkesville, on the head waters of the Chattahoochee river, has a 
court-house, two churches, an academy, and about 300 inhabitants. The 
Tallulah Falls, a beautiful cascade, are within twelve miles of Clarkes- 
ville ; and the surrounding scenery is exceedingly picturesque. Stages 
leave 3 times a week for Mhens via Madison Springs ; for JIadisonville, 
Tenn. ; and for Jlshville, J\r. C. 

Dahlonega is in a very picturesque situation between the Chestatee 
and Eiowah rivers. It has a court-house, a branch of the Mint of the 
United States, and 300 inhabitants. Stages leave twice a week for jltkens 
via Gainesville. 

Rome is beautifully situated on the point formed by the junction of the 
Etowah and Oostanaula rivers. It has a court-house, two churches, an 
academy, and 400 inhabitants. In tiie vicinity of Rome are many arti- 
ficial mounds and excavations, of which there is no authentic history or 
tradition. Stages leave 3 times a week for Oainesville ; for Columbus ; 
for Jlontgomery, Jlla. ; and for HuntsoilLe. 

Macon lies at tiie head of steam navigation, on Ocmulgee river, built on both 
sides of the stream, but chiefly on the riglit bank, the parts being connected 
by a bridge 389 feet long. The streets are regularly laid out and very wide. 
It has a large and handsome court-house, a market-house, two banks, five 
churches, a college, 3 academies, and 4,000 inhabitants. A great amount 
of cotton is shipped from this place. In ]8'22 there was but a single house 
standing where the city is now built. The Georgia Female College, 
chartered in 1836, opened on the 7th of Jan., 1839, has a president, four 
professors, and several other teachers, and over 100 students. Tlie term 
commences on the first Monday ni October, and continues ten months. 
Cars arrice from, and depart daily for Savannah ; for Memphis via 
Atlanta, Gunter's Landing, .^la., and Tuscumbia. Stages leave daily for 
Augusta via Milledgeville ; and for Columbus ; three times a week 
ftrr Madison ; and for Pensacola, FL, via Albany, Bainbridge, and Chat- 
tahoochee, Fl. 

The Indian Springs, the most fashionable watering-place in Georgia, 
are situated on a small brancli of Ocmnlgee river, 52 miles from Milledge- 
ville. The waters are sulphurous, and have been found efficacious in 
rheumatic and cutaneous complaints. There are here ample accommoda. 
tions for visitors. Stages leave daily fur Madison; and fur Columbus. 
(See route 388.) 

Columbus is situated on the left bank of Chattahoochee river, at the 
head of steamboat navigation, 284 miles from Savannah. The city is 
built on ground 60 feet above the ordinary height of the river, and 
immediately below the falls, which are a succession of rapids, descending 
111 feet within a few miles. Here are a court house, 4 banks, a market- 
house, 5 churches, an academy, five schools, a number of mills and cotton 
factories, and 4,000 inhabitants. Many of the public buildings are in a 
style of superior elegance, and the prosperity and growth of the city are 
remarkable. In the year 1827, it was the council-town of the Cowetas, an 



150 



STATE OF FLORIDA. 



Indian tribe. It has an extensive cotton trade, employing a large number 
of steamboats. Stages arrive from, and depart daily for Savannah, 
taking cars at Macon ; for Augusta via Indian Springs, and Madison ; 
and for Montgomery, Ma., taking railroad cars at Chehaw. 

La Grange is situated six miles east of tlie Chattahoochee rivwt 
on a small stream, and J 21 miles from Milledgeville. The viUage 
has a court-house, three churches, an academy, and 1,000 mhabitants. 
Several lines of stages pass through daily for Atlanta ; and for Mont- 
gomery, Ma. J or r 

The White Sulphur Springs are nine miles from Greenville, and iH trom 
Columbus. I'hese springs are situated in a very picturesque region, and 
their waters are various, "the white sulphur, the strong and mild chaly 
beate," &c. Stages arrive from, and depart for Columbus three times 
a week ; and also for Greenville. 




FLORIDA lit s b( t\\(en 2J« and 31° N lat , and be- 
^ iween eu- and e7° j5 W. Ion. It is 3e5 miles long, 
and from 50 to 250 wide, containing 56,000 square 
miles. Population in 1840, 54,477. 

The face of the country is uneven ; but nowhere ele- 
vated over 300 feet above the sea. The whole extent 
of the coast is indented with bays and lagoons. A 
large portion of the country is covered with pine 
■■^^.'f.Jr^^^r--^ forests, the trees of which, standing at a considerable 
from each other, without brush or underwood, afford an oppor- 
tunity for the grass and flowers to spread with luxuriance over the surface 
of the earth during the whole year. The borders of the streams are 
usually skirted by liammocks of hard timber, entangled with grape and 
other vines. A large portion of Florida consists of what are usually 
denominated " pine-barrens," and much of it is sterile, though there 
are extensive tracts of table-land, hammock, and swamp, of the richest 
soil, and well adapted to the cultivation of sugar, rice, cotton, Indian 
corn, tobacco, and fruits. A considerable quantity of the pine-land 
is equally rich, and even the barrens afford extensive ranges of graz- 
ing-land, usually intersected with streams of pure water. Many parta 
of the state abound in yellow. pine and live-oak timber. The seacoast 
is generally healthy, and in many parts remarkably so ; and the in- 
terior is e^iually healthy, unless it be in the neighborhood of extensive 
marshes. 

The peninsula, which is the southern portion of the state, presentB a 
singular alternation of savannahs, hammocks, lagoons, &c., called col- 



STATE OF FLORIDA. 151 

iCCtively the Everglades, which extend into the heart of the country for 
200 mileo north of Uape Sable. Tliey are drained on the north by the St. 
John's river, aiid on the west by JMacaco, or Cliarlolte river. 

There are many bays on the western side of the peninsula, some of 
which form good harbors. They are Perdido, Pensacola, Choctawhatchee, 
St. Andrews, St. Joseph, Apalachicola, AppaJacliee, Tampa, Carlos, and 
Gallivain's. On the east coast of the peninsula, the inlets afford harbors 
for coasting vessels. The St. John's is the principal river on the eastern 
coast. It often spreads from three to five miles in width, and at other 
places it is not more than one-fourth of a mile wide. It is exceedingly 
winding, and flows through a beautiful and healthy country. St. AJary's 
river rises in Okefinokee Swamp, Georgia, and enters the Atlantic be- 
tween Cumberland and Amelia Islands. Of the rivers which enter the 
Gulf of Mexico, the Apalachicola is the principal. It is formed by the 
junction of Chattahoochee and Flint rivers, about 100 miles from the Gulf 
of Mexico. The Chattahoochee branch of this liver is navigable for 
steamboats 280 miles to Columbus, Georgia. Tiie other principal rivers 
are, Escambia, Suwanee, Witlilacoocliee, Oscilla, Ocklockony, and Choc- 
tawhatchee. Perdido river forms the western boundary between Florida 
and Alabama. It is navigable about seven miles above the bay, is a fine 
mill-stream, and its banks are covered with superior yellow-pine timber. 
There are in this state several streams of limpid water which sink into the 
earth and disappear ; and several which rise suddenly from the earth ; 
one in particular (the Wakulla) is navigable from its very source. There is 
no college in this state. It has 20 academies, and 60 common schools. 

By the constitution of the state, adopted in 1838, the governor is elected 
for four years, and is ineligible for the succeeding four years. In case of 
vacancy, the president of the senate, or after him the speaker of the house, 
acts as governor. The General Assembly is chosen on the first Monday 
of October, and meets on the first Monday in November of each year. 
Senators are chosen for two years, and representatives for one year. 
Judges of the Supreme Court and circuit courts are appointed by the 
General Assembly, at first for five years, and after that term, during good 
behavior. The right of suffrage belongs to every free white male aged 
21 years or upwards, who has resided in the state for two years, and in the 
county for six months, and who shall be enrolled in the militia, or be 
by law exempted from serving therein. The state provides for a regis- 
tration of qualified voters. JVo minister of the gospel, and no officer in a 
bfwiking company, while he serves in the bank, nor for twelve months 
afterwards, can be eligible for governor, senator, or repiesentative. 

Florida was discovered by Sebastian Cabot, sailing under the English 
flag, in 1497 ; but he did not land to examine the interior of the country. 
Ponce deLeon, a Spanish adventurer from Hispaniola, to some extent ex- 
plored the country in 1512, and a second time in 1516. In 1539 Hernando 
de Soto, who had greatly distinguished himself under Pizarro in the con- 
quest of Peru, sailed from Cuba and landed at Tampa bay, in Florida, 
with an armed force, with which he overran the country, though his 
iollowers were mostly cut off, and himself died. In 1562 the French at- 
tempted to establish a colony in Florida, which occasioned contests be- 
tween them and the Spaniards, in which the latter were finally victorious. 
In 1763, Florida was ceded to Great Britain by Spain. The Spaniards re- 
conquered it in 1781, and it was confirmed to tliem at the peace of 1783. 
In 1819, Spain ceded it to the United States, and it was admitted into the 
Union as a state in 1845. 



152 STATE OF FLORIDA. 

Tallahassek. the capital of the state, is situated on a commanding 
eminence, 210 miles from St. Augustine. A fine mill-stream, flowing from 
several springs, runs along the east border of the town, and fulls sixteen 
feet into a pool scooped out by its action ; and thence, after a siiort course, 
it sinks into a cleft of limestone rock. The city contains a state-house, a 
court-house, a market-house, a United States land-office, an academy. 
Masonic-hall, three churches, and 1,800 inhabitants. It is regularly laid 
out and has several public squares. Stages leave 3 times a week for Ht. 
Augustine; and for Pensacola. 

St. Augustine is situated on a peninsula, two miles from the ocean. 
The ground on which the city is built is but twelve feet higher than the 
sea. The houses are mostly embosomed in orange groves. The climate 
is delightful; many winters pass without any frost, and the air may be 
Baid to equal that of Italy or the south of France. In summer it is 
tempered daily by the sea breezes, and the land breezes render the even- 
ings cool and pleasant ; hence it is a favorite resort of invalids from the 
north. Tlie city is in the form of a parallelogram, one mile long and 
three-fourths of a mile wide, though not more than half of this extent is 
compactly built. Matanzas Sound lies m front of it on the east, and, 
sheltered by Anastasia Island, forms a capacious and safe luirbor. St, 
Augustine is the oldest city in the United States, having been first settled 
by the Spaniards in 15G4. Many of the streets are narrow and very 
crooked. The old houses are srenprally two stories high, and mostly built 
im Mataiizas river, and around it 
have been erected a neat 
- court-house, two churches, 
" : ;iiul several elegant resi- 
st nces. In the centre of the 
square stands a monument, 
dedicated to the constitution 
^=^ ISf' h^"^! j^Mlii ■">' tlie Spanish Cortez. The 
f rJ^jf^l/JJM^i^fflml Jiarl>"r has nine feet of water 
gs'^- ^ ^i.k -V "^^i^^^tt^ '*^^'' ''^6 ^''^'^ 'it its mouth, 
iSAi.tV ^ ?^y'^:"'i:.^^^^^^^^ and is completely guarded 
■ ~ "'-^'^SJS" ijy Port Marion opposite its 
entrance. The fort is bomb-proof, and intended to contain 1,000 men 
and 70 pieces of cannon, but is at present only used as an arsenal and 
prison. The city contains 4 churches, a United States land-office, ex- 
tensive barracks, and 2,500 inhabitants. The citizens are composed of 
Americans, Spaniards, French, &.c. Steamboats ply to Savannah and 
Charleston. Stages leave 3 times a week for Tallahassee. 

Jacksonville is beautifully situated on the left of St. John's river, 
30 miles from the ocean, and 38 miles from St. Augustine. It has a court- 
house, a church, a bank, an academy, and about 800 inhnbitants. Stages 
leave twice a week for Darien, Ga., via St. Mary^s ; for St. Jiugustine ; 
and for Tallahassee. 

The White Svlphur Spring is 80 miles from Jacksonville and 120 from 
Tallahassee. This spring, which is a great curiosity, rises in a basin 
10 feet deep and 30 in diameter, discharges a great quantity of water, and 
after a course of 100 feet enters the Suwanee river. It is so strongly im- 
pregnated with sulphur that its waters may be distinguished for a con- 
siderable distance from its entrance into the river. The waters have been 
found highly beneficial in cases of consumption, rheumatism, dyspepsia, 
liver complaints, &c. There are here a large hotel, several boarding- 



of shell-stone. A fine squan 


n|i 






^:^^--— .-—-=;= ==L-=E=^^;Es;=r-^-i 


-: i. 


^ -TC-T— :^ _:^:r^c;;^=5^===Er-v 


- {' 


■t^ 





STATE OF ALABAMA. 



153 



houses, and a fine bathing-house. Stages leave 3 times a week for 
Tallahassee, and for Jacksonville. 

Pensacola is situated on Pensacola bay, ten miles from the sea, on a 
Bandy plain 40 feet above the water. It is regularly laid out, and has two 
public SQuares, two churches, a court-house, market-house, a custom- 
house, and 2,000 inhabitants. Eight utiles below the city is the United 
States Navy Yard, covering 80 acres of ground, and enclosed by a high 
brick wall. It contains houses for the officers, a naval store, and 
other buildings for naval purposes. Stages leave three times a week fur 
J[Iobile. Ma.; for Tallahassee ; and for Bainbridge, Ga. 

Apalachicola is on the right bank of the Apalachicola river, at its en 
trance into the Gulf of Mexico. It is a great cotton mart, and has u 
court-house, two banks, several churches, and about 1,500 inhabitants. 
Steamboats plj/ on the river to Columbus, Ga., and also to JVew Orleans. 




ALABAMA lies between 30"^ 10' and 35« N. lat, 
and between 8» and 11° 30' \V. Ion. from Washing- 
ton. It IS 317 miles long from north to south, and 
174 broad, and contains 46,000 square miles. Popu- 
lation in 1840, 590,756. 
The southern part of this state, which borders on 

N, ' .J w the Gulf of Mexico for the space of 50 or 60 miles, is 

'^J^jlJjj .y-^' ^ 'ow and level, and mostly covered with pines. In 
'^ " ' the middle it is hilly, and interspersed with prairies; 

in tlie north it is broken, and somewhat mountainous. The soil in the 
southern part of the state is generally sandy and barren, but throughout a 
large part it is excellent. In the northern and middle sections the 
natural growth is post, black and white oak, hickory, poplar, cedar, ches- 
nut, pine, mulberry, &c. The Alleghany Mountains terminate in the 
northeast section of this state, sinking here to elevated hills. The climate 
in the southern part, and in the vicinity of the bottom-lands on the 
rivers, and near the Muscle Shoals in the Tennessee river, is unhealthy ; 
but in the more elevated portions it is salubrious. The winters are mild, 
the streams being rarely frozen, and the heat of summer is tempered by 
refreshing breezes from the Gulf of Mexico. 

Mobile river is the principal stream in the state. It is formed by the 
union of the Tombigbee and the Alabama, 40 miles above the city of 
Mobile. The Alabama is a large river, and is navigable for vessels draw- 
ing six feet of water to Claiborne, 60 miles above its junction ; 150 miles 
further to the mouth of the Cahawba, it has 4 or 5 feet of water ; and to 
the junction of the Coosa and Tallapoosa, of which it is formed, it has m 
shallowest places three feet of water. The Tombigbee is navigable for 



154 STATE OF ALABAMA. 

Bchooners 120 miles to St. Stephens, and for steamboats to Columbus- 
Miss. It is 450 miles long, and boatable for the greater part of its course* 
The Black Warrior forms a large branch of it, and is navigable to Tusca- 
loosa. The Chattahoochee forms a part of the eastern boundary of the 
state, and the Tennessee runs tlirough the northern part. Alabama has 
only 60 miles of seacoast. But this includes Mobile bay. which is 30 
miles long and from 3 to 18 broad. 

The constitution of this state was formed in 1819. The governor is 
elected by the people for two years, but is eligible only four years in six. 
The senators are elected for three years, and one-third are cliosen every 
year. Their number cannot be more than one-third nor less than a fourth 
of the number of the representatives. The representatives are elected 
annually, and are apportioned among the counties in proportion to their 
white population. They cannot be more than 100 nor less than 60 in 
number. The representatives and one-third of the senators are elected 
annually, on the first Monday in August, and the day following ; and the 
governor is elected biennially, at the same time. The legislature meets 
annually at Tuscaloosa, on the fourth Monday in October. The judiciary 
consists of a supreme court, a circuit court, and such inferior courts as 
the General Assembly may, from time to time, direct and establish. The 
judges are elected every six years by the joint vote of both houses of 
the General Assembly. The right of suftrage is possessed by every free 
white male citizen 21 years of age, who has resided within the slate one 
year next preceding an election, and the last three months within the 
county, city, or town in which he offers his vote. 

There are three colleges in this state, viz.: Tlie University of Alabama, 
at Tuscaloosa; La Grange College, at La Grange; and Spring Hilt 
College, at Spring Hill. There are in the state 120 academies and gram- 
mar schools, and 650 common or primary schools. 

Alabama was admitted into the Union as au independent state in 1820. 




MoBii K, '-ituatcd on the right bank of Mobde river at its entrance into 
Mobile b ly 10 inile» from the >ea and 164 from New Orleaii- is pleasantly 
seared on an exiended piain, 15 leei aoove me highest udes, and has a 
beautiful prospect of the buy, from which it receives refreshing breezes. 
It contains a court-house, a United Slates Naval Hospital, city hospital, 3 
banks, a theatre. Burton Academy, 7 churches, and about 13,000 in- 
habitants. The city is supplied with excellent water brought in iron pipes 
from Spring Hill, two miles distant, and distributed through the city. 
Next to New Orleans, it is the largest cotton market in the Union. It ia 
defended by Fort Morgan, situated on a low sandy point at the mouth of 
the bay, opposite to Dauphin Island, and tiie harbor has a light-house. 
Mobile was ceded by Spain to the United States in 1813. Spring Hill 
College, at Spring Hill, two miles from the city, was incorporated in 1830 



STATE OF ALABAiMA. 



155 



It has a president and three professors, 70 students, and 4,000 volumes 
in its libraries. Steamboats arrive from, and depart daily for J\''ew 
Orleans, {fare $5 ;) for Montgomery ; and for Columbus, Miss. 

Montgomery, the capital of the state, is built on a high bluff, on the 
left bank and at the head of steamboat navigation, on Alabama river, 338 
miles from Mobile by the course of tlie river. It contains a court-house, 
7 churches, two academies, and 2,230 inhabitants. The cotton shipped 
from this place amounts to 40,000 bales annually. Tliis place has very 
recently been made the capital of the state, and preparations are already 
in progress for building an elegant state-house. Cars arrive from, and 
depart daily for Charleston, S. C, via Augusta and Jitlarita. Steam- 
boats arrive from, and depart daily for Mobile. Stages leave 3 times 
a week for Columbus, Ga. ; for Rome, Oa. ; for Gunter's I^anding ; 
and for Tuscaloosa. 

Wetumpka, situated on the left bank of Coosa river, 15 miles from 
Montgomery, contains 4 churches, an academy, the state prison, and 
2,600 inhabitants. The Harrowgate Springs, in the soutli border of 
the city, are much resorted to during tlie summer months. The waters 
contain valuable mineral properties. (See route 423.) 

EuFAULA is situated on the right bank of Chattahoochee river, 97 
miles from Montgomery. It contains 2 cliurclies, several extensive ware- 
liouses, and about 600 inhabitants. Steamboats ply to Columbus, Ga. ; 
and also to Jlpalachicola. 

Tuscaloosa is situated on the soutiicast side of Black Warrior river, at 
the lower fulls, on an elevated plain at the head of steamboat navigation, 
217 miles from Mobile. It was recently the capital of the state, and con- 
tains a handsome state-house, a court-house, a United States Lnnd olHce, 
4 churclies, a Masonic-hall, an academy, iiu antheneum for young Indies, 
a lyceum, the Alabama Institute, and 2,000 iidiabitants. The -streets are 
spacious, regularly laid out, and neatly built. The halls of the University 
of Alabama ire i 
mile from the tity 
This institution 
founded in IHJf^ 
has a presid( nt 'J 
professors or ol lit. I \ 
instructors, n\tj 
three alumni ()0 
students, and 000 
volumes in its li 
braries. The conn 
first Monday ni Ue 




I lu iiiciil tike pint (11 tlu \\(dne>(hiy itltrthe 
inbi r siii^ 1(01 r tint tmu n iiid foi Mo 
bile; for Montgomery , jor Jlantbvdle Jo) I Uicumbia , and for Co- 
lumbus, Mis'^ 

Gainesville is situated on the right bank ot TomoigDee river, 283 
miles from Mobile by the course of the river. It is a great cotton mart, 
and has three churches, three academies, and about 200 inhabitants. 
Steamboats arrive from, and depart daily for Columbus, Miss., and for 
Mobile. Stages leave three times a loeek for Columbus, Miss. ; for Jack- 
son, Miss.; and for Mobile. 

Demopolis is on the left bank of the Tombigbee river, immediately be- 
low the entrance of the Black Warrior, and 220 miles from M(diile. It 
contains a United States Land-ot!ice, three churches, two academies, and 
1,000 inhabitant.-*. Steamboats arrive from, and depart daily for Co- 



156 STATE OF ALABAMA. 

lumbus, Miss., and for Mobile. Stages leave three times a week for 
Tuscaloosa, and for Mobile. 

St. Stephens is on the right bnnk of Tombigbee river, 100 miles above 
Mobile. It is, next to Mobile, the oldest town in the state, and has a United 
States. Land-office, two churches, an academy, and 1,000 inhabitants. 
Stages leave 3 times a loeek for Mobile, and for Tuscaloosa. 

Cahawba is situated on the right bank of the AInbama river, 240 miles 
by water from Mobile. It was formerly the capital of the state. It now 
contains a court-house, two churches, an academy, and 800 inhabitants. 
Steamboats pnss daily for Mobile and for Montsomery. Stages leave 2 
times a 2ceekfor Mobile; for Tuscaloosa ; and for Huntsville. 

Selma, sixteen miles above Cahawba, and on the same side of the 
river, has three churches, two academies, and about 1,000 inhabitants. 
Stages leave 3 times a week for Montgomery ; for Tuscaloosa ; and for 
Columbus, Miss. 

Huntsville is situated 144 miles from Tuscaloosa, and 10 miles north 
of Tennessee river. A copious spring comes out at the foot of a large 
rock with a force sufficient to move a forcing pump, which raises water 
for supplying the village with pure cool water. The village contains a 
court-house of Grecian architecture, a bank, of hewn stone, with an Ionic 
portico of costly and elegant workmanship, a neat market-house, a United 
States Land-office, 5 churches, an academy, a seminary, and 2,500 in- 
habitants. The houses are neat and tasteful, and many of them elegant. 
Stages leave 3 times a week for Knoxville, Terni. ; for J^ashville ; for 
Florence ; for Tuscaloosa; and for Montgomery. 

Florence is situated on the right bank of Tennessee river, imme- 
diately below the Muscle Shoals. When the water is not low, steam- 
boats ascend to this place, and it has great advantages for trade. It was 
laid out in 1818, on an elevated plain 100 feet above the river: the streets 
are wide and handsome. It contains a court- house, a United States 
Surveyor-general's office, 3 churches, two academies, and about 2,000 
inhabitants. 

TuscuMBiA is on the left bank of Tennessee river, four miles below 
Florence, and 346 miles north from Mobile. It contains 3 churches, 4 
seminaries, several manufacturing establishments, and 2,000 inhabitants. 
A most extraordinary spring here flows from a large fissure in a limestone 
rock, which discharges 20,000 cubic feet of water per minute. The in- 
habitants are supplied with water from the spring. Steamboat, stage, and 
railroad line to Charleston, S. C. ; three times a week via Gunter's 
iMnding, Jltla.nta, Ga., and Jlugusta ; and stages for Memphis. 
Stages arrive from, and depart daily for MaysviUe, Ky., via JSTashville, 
Tenn. ; and for Vicksburg, Miss., via Columbus and Jnckson. 

La Grange College is sixteen miles southeast from Tuscumbia. This 
institution was founded in 1831, and is under the direction of the Metho- 
dists : it has a president, 3 professors, 50 alumni, 106 students, and 2,200 
volumes in its libraries. 

Athens is situated on a small branch of Tennessee river, 25 miles west 
from Huntsville, and has a court house, 2 churches, an academy, and 500 
inhabitants. There are white sulphur and chalybeate springs 7 miles 
north of the village, which are much frequented. Stages leave 3 times a 
week for Huntsville and for Tuscumbia. 



STATE OF MiySlSKIlM'I. 



157 





Ml^SIS>>ri'I'I I- MttiitMl liffuMn ^0« Uy mid 
33° i\ Uit , 111(1 bctwcLii KW H) iiHl8l''35 VV Ion 
It is 339 miles long from north to south, and 150 
broad. Population in 1840, 375,651. 

The southern part of the state for about 100 miles 
from the Gulf of Mexico is mostly a sandy, level 
pine forest, interspersed with cypress swamps, open 
-^^2l: prairies, and inundated marshes, and a few hills of a 

s!~75=^"^ moderate elevation. This region is generally healthy, 

and by cultivation produces cotton, Indian corn, sugar, indigo, &c. As 
you proceed further north, the country becomes more elevated and agreeably 
diversified, and the soil is a deep rich mould, producing abundantly cot- 
ton, Indian corn, sweet potatoes, indigo, peaches, melons, and grapes. 
The natural growtii of timber consists of poplar, hickory, black-walnut, 
sugar-maple, cotton-wood, magnolia, lime, and sassafras. Tiie country 
in the north part of the state is healthy and productive ; and the lands 
watered by the Yazoo, through its whole course in the northwest, are 
very fertile. The Mississippi river, with its various windings, forms the 
entire western boundary of the state; and its margin consists of inunda- 
ted swamps covered with a large growth of timber. Back of this, the 
Burface suddenly rises into what are called bluflFs ; and behind them the 
country is a moderately elevated table-land with a diversified surface. 
Cotton is the principal production of this state. The Yazoo is the 
largest river that has its whole course in the state. It rises in the NW. 
part, and after a course of 250 miles enters the Mississippi. The Pas- 
cagoula river, after a course of 250 miles, enters the Gulf of Mexico. 
At its mouth it widens into a bay. It is navigable for a considerable dis- 
tance for small vessels. The Big Black river, after a course of '200 
miles, enters the Mississippi just above Grand Gulf. It has a boat naviga- 
tion of 50 miles. Pearl river rises in the central part of the state, and 
passing through it to the south, forming in its lower part the boundary 
between this state and Louisiana, enters Lake Borgne. Its navigation ia 
much impeded by sand-bars and obstructions of timber. The Homochitto 
is a considerable river which enters the Mississippi. Besides these, there 
are a few other small rivers and creeks. A chain of low sandy islands, 6 
or 7 miles from the shore, enclose several bays or sounds, the largest of 
which are Pascagoula Sound and Lake Borgne. 

The original constitution of this state was formed in 1817, and the 
present in 1832. The governor is elected by the people for a term of two 
years, and cannot hold the office more than four years out of six; and in 
case of his death, resignation, or other inability, it is provided that the 
president of the senate shall perform the duties of governor, until another 
Bhall be duly qualified. The seiiiitors are elected for four years, one-half 



158 STATE OF MISSISSIPPI. 

of the number being chosen biennially. They cannot be less than one- 
fourth, nor more than one-third of the whole number of the representa- 
tives. The representatives are elected biennially, on the first Monday and 
day following in November, and each county is entitled to one member. 
The legislature meets biennially at Jackson, on the third Monday in No- 
vember. Every free white male citizen of the United States, 21 years of 
age, and who has resided in the state one year next preceding the election, 
and four months in the county, city, or town in which he oifers his vote, is 
deemed a qualified voter. 

The High Court of Errors and Appeals consists of three judges, elected 
for a term of six years, one of whom is chosen biennially. 

There are four colleges in this state, viz. : Jefferson College, at Wash- 
ington ; Centenary College, at Jackson ; Oakland College, near Rodney ; 
and Mississippi College, at Clinton. There are 80 academies and 400 
schools. 

In 1716 the French formed a settlement where the city of Natchez 
now stands. This colony was afterwards destroyed by the Indians 
in the vicinity. In 176!} the territory was ceded to Great Britain. In 
1817 it was admitted into the Union as an independent state. 

Jackson, the capital of the state, is situated on the left bank of Pearl 
river, which is navigable to this place for small craft. It is built on a 
plain, a quarter of a mile from the river, is regularly laid out, and con- 
tains an elegant state-house, the governor's house, the state peniten- 
tiary, a United States Land-office, two churches, the buildings of Cen- 
tenary College, and 2,500 inhabitants. Centenary College, founded in 
1841, has a president, 5 professors, and 170 students. Cars arrine from, 
and depart daily for Vicksburs. Stages leave for J^ashville, Tcnn., via 
Columbus and Florence, Ma. ; and for Gainesville : and 3 times a week 
for jYatchez. 

Natchez is situated on the left hank of the Mississippi river, 301 miles 
from New Orleans by the course of the river. A part of the city is built 
on the margin of the river, but mostly on a bluff elevated 150 feet above 
the water. The ground is somewhat uneven, but the streets are regularly 
laid out. The houses are mostly of wood, many of them elegant, and 
surrounded with gardens stored with fruit and finely ornamented with shrub- 
bery. It has a court-house, four churches, three banks, an academy, a 
female seminary, a theatre. Masonic-hall, an hospital, orphan asylum, and 
5,000 inhabitants. The country around contains fine cotton-lands, and the 
place is a great cotton mart, with an extensive and increasing trade. 
Three miles from the city is a race-course. Natchez was formerly the 
residence of the Great Sun, or principal chief of the JYatchez, with whose 
permission the French built Fort Rosalie here in 1716. The Indians sur- 
prised and murdered the garrison, and nearly all the persons in the village, 
in the year 1729. Steamboats arrive from, and depart daily for J^cw 
Orleans, Cincinnati, St. I^onis, Src Stages leave three times a week 
for Jackson and for St. Francisvillc, J^a. (See route 620.) 

Grand Gulf is situated on the left bank of the Mississippi river, 
352 miles above New Orleans by the course of the river. It is on 
a remarkable bend of the river, locally known as the Grand Gulf, and 
has a town-hall, hospital, a theatre, two churches, a cotton press, and 
1,000 inhabitants. Steamboats arrive from, and depart daily for JVew 
Orleans, <S-r. (See route 620.) 

Washington, six miles east from Natchez, is pleasantly situated on a 
moderately elevated site, and consists chiefly of some 30 or 40 detached 



STATE OF MrSSISSIPPI. 



159 




private residences, embosomed in the rich evergreen slirubbery of the 
south. It contains two neat churclies and the buildings of Washington 
College, estiibh^hed here in 

] 802, and endowtd by ('(ui- t- ~:i -^^ 

gress with a gnnt ot lin' 
The college building-, w | 
are of brick, contain i n 
brary of 1,000 volume^ u 
chemical appiiratu-, a geo- 
logical cabinet, and a colicc J.^ 
tion of Indian antifimtics. 
gether with the f(jssil roniaiiis '^'^^^^^^^^ 
of a mastodon, and otiier turiou 
the college are about litty acie» ot ground, ont-lialt ot winch rtmaius m 
its original forest state. The location is healthy, and the vicinity has 
many fine springs of water, one of which, called Ellicott's Spring, is 
■within the college grounds. 

Port Gibson is prettily situated on Bayou Pierre, 25 miles by the 
course of the stream from the Mississippi, and only eight from it at 
Grand Gulf. It contains a court-house, 3 churches, an academy, and 500 
inhabitants. 

VicKSBURG is on the left bank of the Mississippi r., 513 miles from New 
Orleans by the river. Though of recent origin, it has become a large and 
flourishing place. It contains a court-house, 5 churches, 3 academies, a 
theatre, and 4,000 inhabitants. The town is situated on the shelving de- 
clivity of high hills, and the houses are scattered in groups on the terraces. 
The Walnut Hills are just above the town. The country around is very 
fertile. Steamboats arrive from, and depart daily for J^Tcw Orleans, St. 
Louis, Cincinnati, i$'C. {See routes 6^0 and 621.) Cars in connection 
with stages run to JMaysville, Ky-, via Jackson, Columbus, Tuscumbia, 
Ma., Kashville, Tcnn., and Lexington, Ky. 

Yazoo City, situated on the left bank of Yazoo river, 493 miles from 
New Orleans, has several extensive warehouses and 700 inhabitants. 
Steamboats ply to JVew Orleans. Stages leave 3 times a week for Holly 
Springs. 

Holly Springs is situated on a high ridge at the head sources of 
Yazoo river, and is surrounded by a delightful and fertile region. The 
village contains a court-house, an academy, 3 churches, and about 1,500 
inhabitants. Stages leave daily for JMnnphis, Tenn. ; 3 times a week for 
La Grange ; for Tuscumbia, Ma. ; for Columbus ; for Jackson ; for 
Yazoo City ; and for Commerce. 

Columbus is situated on the left bank of theTombigbee, 120 feet above 
the river, at the head of ordinary steam navigation, 141 miles from Jack- 
eon. It contains a court-house, two banks, an academy, a female semi- 
nary, a theatre, a United States Land-office, a market-house, 5 churches, 
and 4,000 inhabitants. A fine bridge here crosses theTombigbee. Steam- 
boats ply to Mobile. Stages leave daily for f^icksburg via Jackson ; for 
J^ashville, Tenn., via Tuscumbia ; and 3 times a week for Meviphis via 
Pontotoc and Holly Springs. 



160 



STATE OF LOUISIANA. 





LOUIgIA^A lieb between 29'^ and 32^ N- lat. 
is 240 miles long from north to south and 210 
broad, containing 45,350 square miles. Population in 
1840, 352,411. 

Below the moutli of Red river, the Mississippi di- 
vides into several branches or outlets, which, diverging 
from each other, slowly wend their way lo the Gulf 
of Mexico, and divide the southwestern part of the 
state into a number of large islands. The western of 
these outlets is the Atchafaluya, which leaves the main stream at the 
mouth of Red river, and inclining eastward, flows into Atciinfaiayn bay 
in the Gulf of Mexico. About 128 miles below the Atchafalaya is the 
outlet of Plaquemine, the main stream of wliich unites with the Atcha- 
falaya; but other portions of it intersect the country in ditrerent directions. 
Thirty-on« miles below the Plaquemine, and 82 above New Orleans, is the 
outlet of La Fourclie, which communicates with the dulf of Mexico by 
tv/o mouths. Below the La Fourche numerous other small streams 
branch otf from the river at various points. On the east side of the 
Mississippi the principal outlet is the Iberville, which communicates with 
the Gulf of Mexico through lakes Maurepas, Pontchartrain, and Borgne. 
The whole territory between tlie Atchafalaya on the west, and the Iber- 
ville, &c., on the east, is called the Delta of the Mississippi, from its 
resemblance in shape to the Greek letter of that name. A large extent of 
country in this state is annually overflowed. 

The alluvial margin along the Mississippi has a breadth of from one to 
two miles, and is of great fertility. To prevent the river from inundating 
the valuable tracts in the rear, an artificial embankment has been raised 
on the margin of the river, called the Levee. On the east side of tiie 
river this embankment commences about forty miles below New Orleans, 
and extends up the river for a distance of 160 miles. On the west side it 
continues with little interruption to the Arknnsas line. Along this portion 
of the river there are many beautiful and finely cultivated plantations, 
and a continued succession of pleasant residences. The suuthwestern 
pnrt of the state consists of sea marsh, on the margin of the Gulf, but 
farther inland, of extensive and fertile prairies, which contain many flourish- 
ing settlements. This country is elevated from ten to fifty feet above high 
tide. The country between the Mississippi, Iberville, and Pearl rivers, in 
its southern parts, is generally level, and higiily productive in cotton, 
sugar, corn, rice, and indigo. The northern part has an undulating sur- 
face, and a heavy natural growth of white, red, and yellow oak, hickory, 
black-walnut, sassafras, magnolia, and poplar. In the northwestern part, 
the Red river, after entering the state by a single channel, and flowing 
iibout thirty mile>-, spreads out into a number of channels, forming many 



STATE OF LOUISIANA. 161: 

lakes, islands, and swamps, over a space of 50 miles long and 6 broad. 
The bottoms on the river are from one to ten miles wide, and very fertile. 
The timber on these is willow, cotton-wood, honey-locust, pawpaw, and 
buckeye; on the rich uplands, elm, asii, hickory, mulberry, biack-wulnut, 
with a profusion of grape-vines. On the less fertile und siindy uplands 
of the state are white, pitch, and yellow-pines, and various kinds of oak. 

The Mississippi river forms the boundary of the state for a considerable 
distiince, and in its lower part runs wholly in this state, where it enters the 
Gulf of Mexico by several passes. It is navigable for vessels of the 
largest size. Red river enters the state near the northwest corner, and 
passes through in a southeast direction, discharging a vast amount of 
water into the Mississippi, 236 miles above New Orleans. The Washita 
runs in a south direction in the north part of the state, and enters Red 
river a little above its entrance into the Mississippi. Bayou La Fourche 
and Atchafalaya are large outlets of the Mississippi. The other rivera 
are the Black, Tensaw, Sabine, Calcasieu, Mermanteau, Vermilion, Teche, 
Pearl, Amite, Iberville, &c. 

The country was first explored by the French, and received its name in 
1682 from La Salic, in honor of Louis XIV. A settlement was attempted 
in 1684, but failed. In 1699, a more successful attempt was n)ade by M. 
Iberville, who entered the Mississippi and founded a colony. His eftorts 
were followed up by M. Crozat, a man of wealth, who held the exclusive 
trade of the country for a number of years. About the year 1717, he 
transferred his interest in the province to a chartered company, at the head 
of which was the notorious John L;iw, whose national bank and Mis- 
sissippi speculation involved the ruin of half of the French nobility. In 
1731 the company resigned the concern to the crown, who in 1762 ceded 
the whole of Louisiana to Spain. In 1800 Spain reconveyed the province 
to the French, of whom it was purchased by the United States in 1803. 

The governor and lieutenant-governor are elected for 4 years. Represen- 
tatives are chosen tor 2 years, ajd senators for 4 years, one-half being 
chosen biennially. Tlie judicial power is vested in a supreme court, dis- 
trict courts, and in justices of the peace. Judges of the Supreme Court 
are appointed by the governor, and hold their otfices for 8 years. The 
legislature meets biennially. Every free white male, who has been two 
years a citizen of the United States, and attained the age of 21 years, and 
has resided in the state two years next preceding the election, and the last 
year in the parish in which he otlers his vote, has the right of sutlrage. 

The literary institutions in this state are — the Louisiana College ; JeflFer- 
8on College; St. Charles College; Baton Rouge College; Franklin Col- 
tege ; Mandeville College ; and the University of Louisiana. There are 
60 academies and 200 common schools. 

Baton Rouoe, the capital of the state, is on the left bank of the 
Mississippi, 140 miles above New Orleans. It is mostly built on a plain 
from 25 to 30 feet above hi-gli water, the business portion being on the 
street along the river at the foot of the bluff. The town contains a court- 
house, three banks, the State Penitentiary, United States Land-office, 
four churches, a college, an academy, and 2,500 inhabitants. Baton 
Rouge College, founded in 1838, has a president, four professors, and 
45 students, and 1,000 volumes in its libraries. The commencement is in 
December. The United States Barracks are on the river bank just above 
the town, and are surrounded by highly ornamented grounds. Steamboats 
leave daily for JSTew Orleans, Vicksburg, Sfc. Ji line of stages runs to 
JV«o Orleans, aiui also to St. Franciscille. 



162 STATE OF LOUISTAXA. 



3£ftS^':cil^'^ 





Nlw Orlkvns i^ "iitudted on tlie left bank ot the Mississippi ri\er, 105 
miles Irom it^ eiitr itice into tlie Gult ot Mt-xico, in l.ititude 2M'^ 57' 30" 
1N( , and ')0° 8' VV Ion from Greuiwidi. Population m 18-40, 102,193. 
The city is built on ground descending gently from the river towards Lake 
Pontchartrain in the rear ; so that when the Mississippi is full, the streets 
are three or four feet below the surface of the river. To prevent inunda- 
tion, an embankment four feet high and fifteen feet wide has been con- 
structed, called the Levee, extending from Fort Plaquemine, 43 miles 
below the city, to Baton Rouge, 120 miles above it. The position of New 
Orleans as a commercial emporium is unrivalled ; the Mississippi and its 
numerous tributaries, — embracing in their course at the south the region 
yielding sugar, cotton, and tropical productions, and northwardly the 
great agricultural and mineral riches of the vast Mississippi valley, — bring 
to it, with their fleets of steamboats, an immense trade in these great staples. 

The city proper is a parallelogram, extending 1,320 yards on the river; 
but its whole length, including the incorporated fauxbourgs, is not less 
than five miles parallel with the river ; and it extends in breadth from one- 
fourth to three-fourths of a mile, and to the Bayou St. John, two miles. 
The houses are mostly of brick, and many of the residences in the 
suburbs are ornamented with orange-trees and gardens. The view of the 
city from the river is beautiful. On entering the central or lower part of 
it, the stranger finds it diflicult to believe it an American city. The popu- 
lation is nearly equally made up of Americans, French, Creoles, and 
Spaniards. In the business season, from November to July, the river in 
front of the Leoef, in its whole extent, is crowded with vessels of all 
sizes, and from all quarters of the world ; with hundreds of large and 
splendid steamboats, barges, flat-boats, &c. 

The public buildings are : the State-house— a plain structure, formerly 
the Chnrity Hospital — the Court-house, the City Hall, and the United 
States Branch Mint, which is an edifice of the Ionic order of architecture, 
282 feet long and 168 deep. Merchants' Exchange, Commercial Ex- 
change, City Exchange, 14 churches, some of which are elegant build- 
ings, four orphan asylums, G charitable assiiciations, a charity hospital, a 
Maison de Sante, two infirmaries, two reading-rooms, three theatres, a 
circus, an armory, several extensive cotton presses, 7 banks, 3 convents, 
and several large and elegant hotels. 

By authority of the state, the University of Louisiana is to be estab- 
lished in New Orleans, and to consist of four faculties, viz., law. med 
icine, the natural sciences, and belles lettres ; the Medical College of 
Jjouisiana, as now organized, is to constitute the faculty of medicine. 
This institution was founded in 1835, and has a fine building on tlie corner 
of Common and Philippa streets ; it lias seven professors and 30 students. 



STATE OF LOUISIANA. 168 

■Lectures commence on tlie third IMonday in November. Mandeville Col- 
lege is on the north side of Luke Pontciiartrain, 35 miles from the city. 
It has a president and 6 professors. Tlie National Gallery of Paintings 
has some fine pictures. The United States Marine Hospital is at 
McDonough, on the opposite side of the river. The Cypress Grove Cem- 
etery, four miles from the centre of the city, is tastefully laid out: there 
arc 3 others, 2 Roman Catholic and one Protestant. 

Ne«- Orleans, from its shape, is often called the Crescent City, as those 
streets which follow the river make a curve somewhat in the form of a 
crescent. The vicmity aftbrds the traveller many objects of interest. 
The road to CarroUton, six miles distant, is through delightful scenery ; 
and the Shell Road affords an agreeable ride to Lake Pontciiartrain, 
distant six miles ; there is also a railroad to the lake. There are several 
other points of interest, and among them the battle-ground, six miles be- 
low the city, where the American army under Gen. Jackson gained a signal 
victory over a force of 8,000 British, killing in little more than an 
hour 2,0U0of the enemy, with the loss of only 7 killed and 6 wounded. 

Fares from JSTrw Orleans on steamboat routes : — To Natchez, $4 to G 
caJ)in, and $1 to'l deck ; to Vicksburg, $7 to 10— $2 to 3 deck; to Mem- 
phis, $8 to 10 — $'2 to 3 deck ; to Louisville or Cincinnati, $1'2 to 20 — $2 to 
3 deck ; to Pittsburg, $12 tu 20— $i2 to 3 deck. To St. Louis, $12 to 15— 
$2 to 3 deck. To Nashville, $15-$3 deck. To Little Rock, $12— iga 
deck. To Alexandria, $i to 6— $1 to 2 deck : to Natchitoches, $7 to 10— 
^2 to 2 deck; to Shrevesport, $8 to l-i—$-l to 3 deck : from Shrevesport, 
to Fort Towson, $15. From New Orleans, to Plaqiiemine, $2 ; to St. 
Martinsville, (175 miles,) $6 to 8-, to Opeloasas, (217 miles,) $6. 
To Mobile, $5 to 8. To Galveston, $15 cabin, $8 steerage, and $4 deck. 

Jackson is situated on Thompson's creek, 12 miles from St. Francis- 
ville. It is the seat of Louisiana College, founded in 1825, which has a 
president, eight professors or other instructors, 109 students, and about 
!2,000 volumes in its libraries. The conmiencement is on the first Wednes- 
day in June. The village has 2 churches, 3 academies, and 1,000 inhabitants. 

St. Francisville is on the left bank of tlie Mississippi river, 176 
miles from New Orleans. It contains a court-house, a church, an acad- 
emy, several extensive warehouses, and 1,000 inhabitants. It is a great 
cotton mart. Curs leave daily for Woodville— statues from thence to 
J^atchez ; also 3 times a week for Libertii, Miss. , via .Jackson and Clinton. 

DoNALDSONViLLE. formerly the capital of the state, is situated on the 
right bank of the Mississippi river, just below the outlet of La Fourche. 
It has a court-house, an arsenal, a church, 4 academies, a United States 
Land-office, and 1,000 inhabitants. 

Opklousas is near the head of Vermilion river, 217 miles from New 
Orleans, and is surrouniled by a level and pleasant country. Franklin 
College, founded in 1830, and located here, has a president, 3 professors 
or other instructors, and 70 students ; the commencement is on tlie first of 
November. The village contains a court-house, a United States Land- 
office, two banks, two churches, and about 2,000 inhabitants. Steam- 
boats ply to JSTew Orleans. The lower route to Houston, Texas, via 
Balliew Ferry, on. the Sabine, is from this place. 

Grand Coteac is pleasantly situated in the midst of small elevated 
prairies, seven miles from Opelousas, and has a Catholic chapel and some 
20 or 30 dwellings. Here is St. Charles College, under the direction of 
the Jesuits, which has a president, ten professors, and 70 students. The 
Convent or " Academy of the Sacred Heart," is near the village. 



164 



STATE OF TEXAS. 



Alexandria lies on Red river, a little below the lower rapids, 320 
miles by tlie course of the river from New Orleans. It contains a 
court-house, two churches, and about 500 inhabitants. Steamboats ply to 
JVew Orleans. 

Natchitoches is situated on the left bank of Red river, 414 miles from 
New Orleans by steamboat, and 178 miles from the junction witli the 
Mississippi river. The village stands at the foot of a bluff, and contains 
a court-house, a United States Land-office, 3 churches, 3 academies, and 
about 2,000 inhabitants. It has considerable trade. It was first settled by 
tlie French in 1717, and half of its inhabitants are of French descent. 
Stenmboats arrive from, and depart daily for J^Tew Orleans. The upper 
route through Texas to the Rio Grande is from this place, via Gaines 
Ferry, St. Jlugustinc, Tex., J^Tacogdoches, Rubbins Ferry, Bastrop, and 
San ..Antonio. 

Shreveport, on the left bank of Red river, 500 miles from New 
Orleans, contains a court-house, a church, and about 500 inhabitants. 
Steamboats ply to JK'ew Orleans, to Fulton, Fort Towson, and to Fort 
Washita, (450 miles.) 





^-^-^^ 



Tl< \ X"^ the southernmost state in the Union ix 
Mtunted b(t\%Len 2b'^ and 40° N. ht., ind between ')4" 
' and 107" W. Ion. from Greenwich, and contains 324,018 
square miles, and 200,000 inhabitants. 

The general aspect of the country is that of a vast 
inclined plane, gradually sloping from the mountains 
eastward to the sea, and traversed by numerous rivers, 
all having a southeast direction. It may be naturally 
divided into three regions: The first, which is level, 
extends along the coast with a breadth varying from 
100 to 30 miles, being narrowest at the southwest. The soil of this region 
is principally a rich alluvion, with scarcely a stone, and singularly free 
from stagnant swamps. Broad woodlands fringe the banks of the rivers, 
between which are extensive and rich pasture-lands. The second di- 
vision, the largest of the three, is the undulating prairie region, which ex- 
tends for 150 or 200 miles further inland, its wide grassy tracts alternating 
with others that are thickly timbered. Limestone and sandstone form 
the common substrata of this section. The third, or mountainous region, 
situated principally on the west and southwest, forming part of the Sierra 
Madre, or Mexican Alps, is but little explored. At its remote extremity, 
it consists of an elevated table-land, resembling the vast steppes of Asia, 
except in their superior fertility. The mountain sides are clothed with 
forests, and there are few if any districts of country of the same extent us 
Texas with so little unproductive land. 



STATE OF TEXAS. 165 

The principal rivers in the state are tlie Sabine, Neches, Trinidad, Brazos 
de Dios, Colorado, Guadaloupe, San Antonio, Nueces, and the Rio 
Grande. The Neches is navigable lor small steamboats for more than 100 
miles, Trinidad river for three or four hundred miles, and the Brazos lor 
half that distance. The Rio Colorado is (»bstructed by a raft ten miles 
from its mouth ; it will, when removed, be navigable for steamboats i!00 
miles to Austin City. The San Antonio and Nueces are navigable for 
only short distances ; but the Rio Grande del Norte, a noble stream, having 
a course of 1,800 miles, will most probably, though in parts broken by 
rapids, become hereafter an important commercial channel. Galveston 
bay, into which the Trinidad flows, is about 35 miles in length, and from 
12 to 18 miles wide. — The Gulf of Me.\ico bounds its southeastern border, 
on which are many bays and some good harbors. 

The Te.ifan year is tlivided into a wet and dry season. The former lasts 
from December to March ; and the latter from March to December. Snow 
is seldom seen, e.xcept on the mountains. The country is in most parts 
covered with a luxuriant native grass, and it is amply supplied with 
timber, among which are the live-oak, white, black, and post oak, 
hickory, walnut, sycamore, caoutchouc, &;c., and on the high lands pine 
and cedar. The '' Cross Timbers" are two lines of continuous forests of 
great extent. — Cotton iuid the sugar-cane are the great agricultural staples, 
both of which attain to the greatest perfection. The grains chiefly culti- 
vated are Indian corn and wheat. Peaches, melons, figs, oranges, lemons, 
pine-apples, dates, olives, grapes, &;c., grow abundantly. Great numbers 
of cattle and horses are reared, and vast herds of buffaloes and wild horses 
wander over the prairies, while deer and game are abundant. — Among its 
minerals are coal of a superior quality, iron ore, limestone, granite, slate, 
gypsum, &c. Silver mines have been wrought in the mountains, and 
bitumen and salt are abundant. 

The principal literary institutions of the state are the University of San 
Augustine, at St. Augustine ; VVesleyan College, do. ; Rutersville College, 
at Rutersville; University of Nacogdoches, at Nacogdoches; University 
of Matagorda ; University of Galveston ; University of De Kalb ; Trinity 
College ; Guadaloupe College, at Gonzales ; and a college at Marshafl. 
Only the first four have gone into operation. 

The governor is elected by the people for two years, but is eligible only 
four years in six. He must be 32 years of age, and have resided in the 
state three years previous to his election. The lieutenant-governor is 
chosen in like manner and for the same time, and must possess the like 
qualifications. He is president of the senate, and in cose of the death, 
absence, or inability of the governor, exercises the duties of that oflice. 
The judicial power of the state is vested in one supreme court, district 
courts, and such inferior courts as the legislature shall appoint. Judges 
of the Supreme Court iire appointed by the governor, with the advice of 
the senate, and hold ottice for six years. The senators are chosen by 
the people, and act for four years, one-half being elected bienm'ally. 
They must be 32 years of age, and have resided in the state three years 
next preceding the election. The representatives are chosen for two 
years by the people. They must be 21 years of age, and have resided in 
the state two years preceding their election. The legislature meets once in 
two years. — Every free male person 21 years of age and a citizen of the 
United States, or who was at the time of the adoption of the constitution 
of the state of Texas by the Congress of the United States, or a citizen 
of the Republic of Texas, and who shall have resided in this state one 



166 



STATE OF TEXAS. 



year next preceding an election, and the last six months within the county 
in which he offers his vote, (Indians not taxed, Africans, and descendants 
of Africans excepted,) has the right of sutfrage ; but no soldier, seaman, 
or marine in the army or navy of the United States, shall be entitled 
to vote. 

In 1821 the colonization of Texas was commenced by citizens of the 
United States. After three years of struggle with the government of 
Mexico, it finally became independent, April 21st, I83G, and was admitted 
into the Union as an independent state in 1845. 

Austin, the capital of the state, is situated on the left bank of the 
Colorado, 200 miles from the mouth of the river, and 255 miles northwest 
from Galveston. It is built on a plain, elevated some tliirty or forty feet 
above the level of the river. The Capitol is situated on a hill, and from it 
a very commanding view of the surrounding country may be obtained. 
The governor's house is upon another eminence, about three hundred 
yards from the Capitol. Austin contains two churches, and about 1,000 
inhabitants. {See routes in Texas.) 




GALVLbiON, 255 miks fiom Ausun, iiid .r)l) \v(-t by north of the 

south >Yest Puse of tlit Mississippi river, is situiited uii the fast end of Gul- 

veston Island, and is the great commercial emporium of Texas. It was 
settled in 1837, and has forty to fifty stores and commission houses, three 
cotton pre;;ses, two high schools, one university, shortly to be put in 
operation, five churchej:, and 5,000 inliabitanls. It has a tine harbor, with 
twelve feet of water over the bar at low tide, and is the most thriving 
town upon the seacoast, and rapidly increasing in commercial importance. 
There are regularly plying loeekly between this place and J^ew Orleans 
2 steam packets, a daily line to Houston ; also regular boats, running to 
the Brazos, Trinity, and Sabine rivers. 

HoT'SToN is situated at the head of tide-water on Buffalo bayou, 188 
miles from Austin and 85 from Galveston. It is surrounded by a beautiful 
prairie, and contains a court-house, four churches, several extensive 
maiiufiipturing establishments, and 4,000 inhabitants. It is an exten- 
sive cotton mart. Steatiiloats ply to Galveston. Stages run to IVash- 
ington. 

Washington is situated on the right bank of Brazos river, at the 
head of steamboat navigation, except at seasons of high floods ; and is 
133 miles from Austin. It contains 2 churches, an academy, and 1,200 
inhabitants. Stages run to Houston. 

Matagorda, 198 miles southeast from Austin, is situated on a plain 
north of Matagorda bay, and on the right bank of Colorado river, 35 miles 
from the Caballo Pass. It contains a court-house, a custom house, cham- 
ber of commerce, 2 churches, an academy, and 700 inhabitants. Steantr 
boats ply to Galveston and jYew Orleaiut. 



STATE OF TEXAS. 167 

Brazoria is situated on the right bank of the Brazos river, 30 miles 
from the Gulf, and 60 miles from Galveston. It has a court-house and 500 
inhabitants. 

San Felipe de Austin is on the right bank of the Brazos river, 120 
miles from Austin. It contained, prior to tlie revolution, about 600 in- 
habitants ; it was burnt by the retreating Texan arrny ; since that time it 
has been rebuilt, and now contains a court-house and 1,000 inhabitants 

San Augustine is situated on the Ayisb Bayeu, a branch of the 
Neclies river, 360 miles ENE. from Austin, and 27 from Gaines' Ferry on 
the Sabine. It contains a courthouse, two churches, and 1,500 in- 
habitants; it is very healthy, being built on the high rolling lands, and is 
one of the most beautiful towns in Texas. The University of San 
Jiugustive, incorporated in 1837, has a president, two professors or 
other instructors in the male department, and three instructors in the 
female department. The session commences on the third Monday in 
June. The Wesleyan College, with a male and female department, 
has a president and four instructors. The session commences on the 
first Monday in March. Stages leave for JsTatchitochcs, and for JVacog- 
doches. 

Nacogdoches is 250 miles from Austin, and 60 west from the Sabine 
river, and is situated at the head of several small streams which enter, 
after a course of six miles, into the R. Angelina. It was formerly oc- 
cupied as a military post by the Spaniards and Mexicans. It contains a 
court-house, a Roman Catholic Church, ten stores, and about 1,000 in- 
habitants. The University of Nacogdoches was incorporated in 1845, 
and donated with four leagues of land. It has a president and two 
professors. 

RuTERSVlLLE, 78 miles from Austin, and five from the Colorado 
river, is on elevated ground, and the country in its vicinity aflTords many 
views of picturesque scenery. It contains about 200 inhabitants. It is 
the seat of Rutersville College, established in 1840, and donated with four 
leagues of land. The college, which is under the direction of the Metho- 
dists, has 2 professors, and a preceptress. There are terms of 21 weeks 
each: the first commences on the third Monday in January, and the 
second on the third Monday in July. A new college building has 
been completed, which furnishes ample accommodation for a large number 
of students. 

San Antonio de Bexar, 90 miles south by west from Austin, is situ- 
ated near the head sources and on both sides of the San Antonio river, 
and is one of the most ancient towns in North America. The houses, 
which are one story high, with terraced roofs, are built mostly of stone. 
It contained, previous to the revolution, a population of some 8,000 ; its 
population at the present time is estimated at 1,500. In its vicinity stand 
the ruins of the Mamo. This was an oblong enclosure, with walls about ten 
feet high and 3 feet thick, covering an acre of ground ; it has been styled 
the Thermopylae of Texas, in commemoration of the heroic defence of 
Travis and his brave comrades. 

('ORPUs Christi, at the head of a bay of the same name, 250 miles 
south from Austin, has a court-house, several stores, and about 700 
inhabitants. Steamboats ply to Galveston and to Jfew Orleans. 

Bastrop, situated on the left bank of the (IJolorado river, at the 
crossing of the Great San Antonio road, is surrounded by a highly fer- 
tile prairie region. It has a court-house, several stores, and about 500 
inhabitants. 



168 



STATE OF ARKANSAS. 



Santa Fe is situated at the base of a spur of the Rocky Mountaina, 12 
mileg east from tlie Rio Grande del Norte, on a small branch of that 
noble stream. It is in lat. 35® 41' and 106° W. Ion. from Greenwich, and 
is elevated about 7,000 feet above the sea. It is the nominal capital of 
the province of Santa Fe, or New Mexico, although, according to the 
claims of the late Republic of Texas, it is within the bounds of that 
state. It is 1,400 miles distant from the entrance of the Rio Grande into 
the Gulf of Mexico, and 1,067 miles by the great caravan route from St. 
Louis, Mo. Tiie number of inhabitants in the town does not probably 
exceed , 3,000, but including the several surrounding villages embraced 
within its incorporation, they amount to about 6,000. The city is very 
irregularly laid out, and most of the streets are little better than common 
highways. Tlie buildings around the public square are the Governor's 
house, the custom-house, the barracks, the consistorial of the Alcaldes, 
the military chapel, several private residences, and most of the shops of 
the American traders ; these buildings are the only ones which have any 
pretensions to architectural regularity, the fronts of which are shaded 
witii portales of the rudest description. The mountains about ten miles to 
the no-rtheast of the town are supposed to attain an elevation of 12,000 
feet above the sea, and their summits are covered with perpetual snows. 
The silver mines are among the mountains to the southeast, where are pro- 
cured washings to a large amount annually. 



r^: 





ARK \N->A>=! lie- bPt^\fen T^" and 36' 30 N lat , 
and between 80° .^0' and 94-^ .^0' \V. Ion. It is 240 
mik> long and 228 wide, containing 54,500 square 
miloh. Population in 1840, 97,574. 

In the ej-tern part of the state, bordering on the 
Mi^-is-ippi, nnd the hirge rivers which empty into it, 
the country is low and swampy, witii a heavy growtl} 
of timber, and is frequently overflowed. In the cen- 
tral part, it is undulating and broken ; and in the 
northwestern parts, the Ozark Mountains, rising sometimes to the height 
of 1,.500 feet, extend across the state. The Washita Hills, north of the 
Washita river, have considerable elevation. The soil is of e%'try variety, 
from the most productive to the most sterile. On the margins of the 
rivers, it is exceedingly fertile ; but back of this the land is generally 
sterile. Prairies are abundant, and of immense extent. In many parts 
there is a scarcity of water. Cotton and Indian corn arc the staple pro- 
ductions ; but the country is well calculated for raising cattle. VViiJ 
animals and fowls, as the buffalo, deer, elk, otter, beaver, rabbit, racoon, 
&c., wild-geese, turkeys, and quails, are abundant. Near the centre of 
the state there are numerous hot-springs, the temperature of which some- 
times rises nearly to the boiling point. 



STATE OF ARKANSAS. 169 

The Arkansas, the principal river, rj«es in the Rocky Mountains, and 
flows through tlie state in a soutlieast direction. It is navigable for steam- 
boats 300 miles to Little Rock; and in time of high water, 350 miles 
farther to Fort Gibson, in the Indian Territory. The St. Francis, the 
White, and the Washita, are other important rivers. 

The constitution of the state was formed in 1836. The governor is 
chosen by the people for four years, but cannot hold tlie office more than 
eight years in twelve. The members of the senate are elected by the 
people for four years, and the representatives for two years. The elections 
are viva voce. The senate can never consist of less than 17 nor more than 
33 members ; the house of representatives of less than 54, nor more than 
100 members. Tlie judges of the Supreme Court are appointed for eight 
years, and those of the Circuit Court for four years. These judges are 
chosen by the legislature. The judges of the county courts are chosen 
by justices of the peace. The legislature meets once in two years. Every 
white male citizen of the United States, who has resided in the state six 
months, is entitled to vote. 

There is no college in this state. It has ten academies and 150 com- 
mon schools. 

Arkansas was a part of the Louisiana purchase. It was made a terri- 
tory in 1819, and admitted into the Union in 1836. 

Little Rock, tlie capital of the state, is situated on the right bank of 
Arkansas river, 905 miles from ^ew Orleans by the course of the rivers. 
It is built on a high rocky bluff, 150 feet above the water of the river, and 
is the first place where rocks occur west of the Mississippi. The city has 
a state-house, a court-house, five churches, two banks, a theatre, an 
academy, the State Penitentiary, a United States arseniil, a United States 
Land-office, and ],.500 inhabitants. Steamboats ply to JVew Orleans, and 
up the river to Fort Gibson. (See route 441.) Stages leave three times 
a week for fVashington ; for Van Buren ; for St. Louis via Bates- 
ville and Prederickstoicn, Mo. ; and twice a week for Rock Roe ; thence in 
steamboats to JSTew Orleans. 

Arkansas Post, situated on the left bank of Arkansas river, 685 miles 
from New Orleans, is on a high blufT, and contains a court-house and 
200 inhabitants. Steamboats ply to Mew Orleans, lAltle Rock, Sfc. 

Helena, situated on the right bank of the Mississippi river, con- 
tains a court-house, a United States Land-office, and 500 inhabitants. 
St.enmboats arrive from, and depart for JVetP Orleans, St. Louis, Cin- 
cinnati, and Pittsburg, and the intermediate places. 

Hot Springs is situated six miles north of the Washita river, and 
sixty from Little Rock. It contains a court-house and about 100 in- 
habitants. The Springs from which the village derives its name are about 
fifty in number ; the waters rise from the west base of a mountain and 
flow into a small stream, which after a course of six miles enters the 
Washita river. The temperature of the springs differs, ranging from 
110 to 150° of Fahrenheit. The waters have been found efficacious in 
chronic rheumatism, gout, scrofula, and cutnneous afl^ections. There are 
here ample accommodations for visitors. Three miles northeast are the 
Chalybeate Springs, the waters of which are cold, and held in much re- 
pute by invalids. Thirty miles northwest are the Sulphur Springs, but 
recently discovered. Stages arrive from, and depart for Little Rock 
three times a week. 

8 



170 



STATE OF TENNESSEE. 




I rPNNr-»-Il liP*. h(t^^(pn }j« nnd 36" 30' N. lat., 
and 8]^ ii) uid 90° ]U V\ . Ion. Its mean length is 
400 miles, and its mean breadth 114 miles, containing 
45,f>0U square miles. Population in 1840, 8'29,2i0. 

The Cumberland Mountains extend through the mid- 
dle of the state, in a southwest direction, dividing it 
into two parts, denominated East Tennessee and West 
Tt'vnessee. The western part of Tennessee is level, or 
gently undulating ; in the middle it is hilly. East 
Tennessee abounds in mountains, many of them elevated, presenting much 
grand and picturesque scenery. Of the mountains, Cumberland, or Great 
Laurel Ridge, is the most remarkable. It nowhere has an elevation of 
more than 1,000 feet. Stone, Yellow, Iron, Ball, Smoky, and Unika 
mountains, form a chain in the SE., and constitute the eastern boundary of 
the state. Northwest of these are Bay's Mountain, Copper Ridge, Clinch 
Mountain, Powell's Mountain, and Willing's Ridge, with valleys between 
them from 5 to 10 miles wide. Caves of great depth and extent are found 
in the eastern part of the state. 

The soil is various, but generally fertile. The western part has a black, 
rich soil ; in the middle are great quantities of excellent land ; in the 
eastern part the mountains are mostly sterile, but the valleys are very fer- 
tile. The country has a great profusion of native timber, poplar, hickory, 
walnut, oak, beach, sycamore, locust, cherry, sugar-mnple, &c. There 
are many medicinal plants. The soil produces abundantly cotton and 
tobacco, the staple commodities of the state ; also grain, grass, and fruit. 

TJie Tennessee river has its chief course in this state. It is 1,200 miles 
long, and is navigable for steamboats to Florence in Alabama, 276 miles 
above its entrance into the Ohio ; and from the head of the IMuscle 
Shoals, for boats 250 miles further. Cumberland river, which, rising in 
Kentucky, runs mainly in Tennessee, is navigable for steamboats 198 
miles to Nashville, and for boats 300 miles further. It enters the Ohio 
river in Kentucky, 60 miles from Mississippi river. The Ilolston, Clinch, 
French Broad, and Hiwassee are branches of the Tennessee. Obion, 
Forked Deer, and Wolf rivers, in the western part of the state, flow into 
the Mississippi, and are navigable for boats. 

Tlie constitution of this state was formed in 1796, at Knoxville, and re- 
vised in 1833. Tiie governor is elected by the people for two years, but 
is not eligible more than six years in eight. The representatives, who are 
apportioned among the different counties according to the number of 
qualified voters, are chosen biennially, and their number cannot exceed 7.'i 
until the population is 500,000, and can never afterwards exceed Wf. 
The senators are chosen and appointed in like manner, and can never ex- 
coed one-third the number of representatives. The legislature meetb 




, STATE OF TENNESSEE. IJ} 

biennially, at Nashville, in October following the election. It can b^ 
called together by the governor at other times, if necessary. The judges 
of the Supreme Court are appointed by tlie joint-ballot of both liouses of 
the legislature, and hold their office for twelve years. Every white 
person over 21 years of age, who is a freeiiolder in the county wi.ere he 
otfers his vote, or who has resided in the county six months immediately 
preceding the election, enjoys the right of suffrage. 

The Hterary mstitutions are : Greenville College, at Greenville ; Wash- 
ington College, near Jonesboro ; the University of Nashville, at Nash- 
ville ; East Tennessee College, at Knoxville; Cumberland College, at 
Lebanon; Jackson College, nearColumbia ; Franklin College, near Nash- 
ville ; and the Southwestern Theological Seminary, at Marysville. There 
are in the state 160 academies and 1.000 commtm schools. 

Tennessee was admitted into the Union a» an independent state in 1796. 

Nashvillk, the capital of the ht.ite, i> siiuaied on the left bank of 
Cumberland ri\er, 
attheheadofsteam- ^ .,' " ,,, 

boat navigation, 120 ".''-i^.Q^-i- 

miles f'rom its jiinc- _. - 'J^.. 
tion with Ohio riv- 
er. Its site is un 
dulating, and is ele 
vated from fit>y to .r.- ^J 
175 feet above tli» 
river. It conlam- 
an elegant state 

house, a court houst , m.uktt Iioum , a lunatic lio-pitai, the Stale Peni- 
tentiary, three banks, ten churches, the halls of Nashville University, a 
seminary, several other schools of a high order, and 10,000 inhabitants. 
The Lunatic Hospital is a large and commodious building, and will ac 
commodate 100 patients. The University, founded in 1806, has a prcsi- 
dent, four professors and two tutors, 291 alumni, 100 students, and 10,000 
volumes in its libraries. The main edifice is 200 feet long, 50 wide, and 
three stories high. The commencement is on the first Wednesday in 
October. Stages leave daily for MaysuUle, Ky., via Lexington ; fur 
Vickshurg, Miss., via Tuscumbia and Jnckson ; three times a week 
for Knoxville ; for Augusta via Atlanta ; for Huntsville, Ala. ; fur 
Mtmvliis via Huntingdon and Bolivar; for Columbus, Ky. ; and for 
Smit/iland. Steamboats leave for jYew Orleans, Ac., via Smithland. 

Memphis is situated on a blutf, on the left bank of the Mississippi 
river, immediately below the mouth of Wolf or Loosaliatchie river, 
798 miles above New Orleans. It is regularly laid out, and contains six 
churcl es, an academy, and 10,000 inhabitants. Memphis is the depot for 
West Tennessee, and its commerce is e.\tei)sive, more than 120,000 bales 
of cotton being shipped from this place every season. A United States 
Navy Yard has lately been established here, and the necessary buildings 
arc in course of erection. Steambonts nrrine from, and depart daily for 
J^eio Orleans ; for Cincinnati ; for St. I^ouis, SiX. Stages in con- 
niction with steamboats and railroad cars leave for Chnrleston, 
S. C, via Tuscumbia, Ala., Gunters Landing, Atlanta, Ga., and 
Augusta. Stages leave 3 times a wrek for jVashville ; for Jackson, 
Miss., via Holly Springs ; and also for Columbus. 

Columbia. 42 miles from Nashville, is situated on the left bank of 
Duck river, and contains a court-house, three churches, a bank, an 




172 STATE OF TENNESSEE. 

academy, and about 2,000 inhabitants. Jackson College, in the vicinity, 
founded in 1830, has a president and four professors, 100 students, and 
1,250 volumes in its libraries. Stages leave daily fur J^Tashville. 

Clarksville, situated on the right bank of Cumberland river, 65 
miles from Nashville by the course of the river, contains a court-house, 
three churches, an academy, two banks, and 2,000 inhabitants. It has an 
extensive trade in cotton and tobacco. Steamboats leave for JVash- 
ville and for JVew Orleans. Stages leave 3 times a week for J^Taskville 
and fur Siuithland. 

Franklin is eighteen miles from Nashville, on the left bank of 
Big Harpeth river, and has a court-house, four churches, five acad- 
emies, and about 1,500 inhabitants. In the vicinity is Franklin Col- 
lege, founded in 1844, which has a president, six professors, and 90 
students. Stages leave 3 times a week for JVas/iville. 

MuRFREESBORo', once the capital of the state, is situated on a small 
branch of Cumberland river, and contains a court-house, three churches, 
an academy, and 1,500 inhabitants. Stages leave three times a week 
for JVashville ; for Kiioxville ; and for Hantsville, Ala. 

Kingston, situated on the right bank of the Tenne.ssee river, at the 
junction of the Clinch river, contains a courthouse, two churches, an 
academy, and 700 inhabitants. 

Knoxvii I F i- on tl]< ruht Iniik of Hokton river, four miles below the 

junction of French Broad 



^ river, and at the head of 
steamboat navigation. It 

it -TV -ei>4„ ^'^^^n ^ contains a fine court-house, 

^ >"---* >. t 3 churches, two academies. 



-.r-.. 






!|^ '4' » ' «J4^ ^i-I^Iir a '""'^ '*^"*^ ^ female semi- 

:_"*^ ^C ^--t^^ '^ ^ -.i^--^ n.iry, nnd 1,500 inhabitants. 
^^■il^ ^ -* V -^;5i-; Tiie buildings of £ast Ten- 
^^^'*^~^-t^-^*:s:^3rq=iri"*>-> J.=s.-l-i^<^ ne^^ieeUnivcrsity f^K located 
^«^SSife»*!M*B»K^&. ' — .>-»-«=ii^i«to«s«^^ on a beautiful eminence of 
con^iiier.ilile Lit viition, on tin nortli Imik of the Holston, half a mile west 
of the city 'J'lify consist ot a large central edifice, two commodious 
halls, three stones high, tor etudy and lodging rooms, three professors' 
houses, &c. The University lias a president, lour professors, 100 alumni, 
120 students, 3,800 volumes in its libraries, and an extensive chemical and 
philosophical appnratus, mineralogical cabinet, &c. The commencement 
is on the first Wednesday in August. Stages leave three times a week for 
Washington, D. C, via Abingdon. Va., and Staunton; for Raleigh, JV*. 
C. ; for Charleston. S. C, via fVarm Springs, Greenville, <S-c. ; for 
Charleston via Atlanta, Ga., and Augusta; for Savannah via Atlanta; 
for JSTashvi/le; and for Lexington, Ky., via Cumberland Gap. 

JoNESBORo' is on a small branch, and ten miles south of Holston river. 
It has a court-house, three churches, two academies, and 1,000 inhabi- 
tants. Washington College, in the vicinity, founded in 1794, has a presi- 
dent, three professors, 110 alumni, 45 students, and 1,000 volumes in its 
libraries. Stages leave Jonesboro' 3 times a week for Knoxville ; for 
Abingdon, Va. ; and for Raleigh, JV. C. 

Marysvillk, 16 miles from Knoxville, is situated on a branch of Holston 
river, and contains a court-house, a church, and about 500 inhabitants. 
It is the seat of the Southwestern Theological Seminary, under the direction 
of the Presbyterians, founded in 1821, which has two professors, 30 stu- 
dents, and 6,000 volumes in its libraries. 



RAILROAD, STAGE, AND STEAMBOAT ROUTES, 

THROUGH 

THE SOUTHERN STATES. 



G39) F'M Raleigh to 

Beaufort. 

F^ia Guldsboro ' and 

jVewbern. 



\Petersburg &r Roanoke] 
Railroad. 



To Biisbee's Store 

Smitlitield 

Booiihill 

(JoUlsl)oro' 

Kingston 

Trenton 

Pollocksville 

Mewbern 

Oiivenville 

Bkaufort 



I 9 
18 27 
10 1 37 
lo! 52 
26, 78, 
2810(5 
12,118 
8126 
16142 
281170 



C340) F'm Raleigh to 
Plymouth, 
Via IVushington. 
Tu Eagle Rock. 

Wakefield 

StaiilKipe 

Nashville 

Kdcky Mount .. 

Turboro' 

Sparta 

Faulkland 

Greenville 

Pactolas 

Washington ... 
Plymouth 



(341) F'm Raleigh to 

Washington, 

Via Richmond, Va. 

Rideish cV Gaston RR. 



ToHuntsville... 

For rest villa 

Franklin 

Staunton 

Henderson 

Ridgeway 

Mil con Depot ... 

Littleton 

Gaston 

Greenville RR. 
Ruland's.Va. ...IIOI 97 
Bellield |ll|l08 



Jarret's Depot.. 

Stony Creek 

Petersburg.. 
Proctor's Creek 

Richmond 

Washington, 
(see x\o. 288) . 



C342) F'M Raleigh to 

Norfolk, Va. 

Via Gareysburg. 

Raleigh <S- Gaston RR. 
To Littleton — 
(see \o. 341) 
."ilage. 

Weldon 

Gareysburg 

Margaretsville, 
Portsmouth S,- Roanoke 

Railroad. 
Newson's, Va. ... 

Franklin 

l^arrsville 

Suftblk 

Portsmouth 

Norfolk 



Chalk Level.... 
Ward's Bridge . 
Castle Craig . . . 
Yellow Branch. 
Campbell C. H. 
Lynchburg ... 



51149 
13162 
6168 

6174 
5179 
121191 



129 
142 
147 
160 
171177 
11178 



(343) F'm Raleigh to 
Lynchburg, Va. 



Raleigh S,- Gaston 
To Huntsville.... 

Forestville 

Newlight 

Wilton 

Granville 

Stage. 

Oxford 

Berea 

Roxboro' 

Leasburg 

Milton 

l)ANVILLE,Va 

Pittsylvania C. H. 
Robertson's Store. 



(344) F'm Raleigh to 

Wytheville, 

Via Greensboro' and 

Salem. 

To Moringsville.. 

Chapel Hill 

Hillsboro' 

Mason's Hall 

jTrollinger's B'dge 

Haw River 

Albright's 

Allemance 

Greensboro' ... 

New Garden 

Friendship 

Kernersville 

Salem 

Oldtown 

Bethnia 

Little Yadkin .... 

Tom's Creek 

Mt. Airy 

New Grayson, Va. 

Hillsville 

Austinvilie 

Wytheville ... 



2U2 

(345) F'm Raleigh to 
Knoxville, Tenn. 

Via Junesboro, Tenn., 
li- Greenville. 

To Salem— 
(see No. 344) ... 

Panther Creek ... 

Huntsville 

Hainptonville 

Wilkesboro'... 

Reddy's River 

.letferson 

North Fork 

Tay]orsville,Tenn 

Moore's ItonW'ks 



237 



174 



ROUTES IN NORTH CAROLINA. 



Dagger's Ferry... 
Elizabethtown ... 

JONESBORO' 

Leesburg 

Rheatown 

Henderson's Mills 

Greenville 

Gustavus 

Cheek's J«) Roads. 

Morristown 

Panther Springs.. 

Mossy Creek 

Newmarket 

Strawberry Plains 
Knoxville 



9;246 
13 259 



146) 
Kn 



F'm Raleigh to 
Lnoxville, Tenn. 
Via Salisbury ($- Warm 
Springs, 

To Grove 

Hackney's t«! R'ds 

Pittsboro' 

St. Lawrence 

Marley's Mills 

Lanesville 

Ashboro' 

Spencer 

Cfotton Grove 

Salisbury 

VVoodgrove 

Covvansville 

Statesville 

Poplar Grove 

Hokesville 

Euvesville 

Drowning Creek . 

MORGANTOVVN... 

Locust Grove 

Pleasant Garden . 

Old Fort 

Swannano 

ASHVILLE 

French Broad 

Lapland 

Warm Springs. . 

Newport 

Oak Grove 

Dandridge 

Tuckahoe 

Mechlenburg 

Knoxville 



20 

27 
34 
4*5 
56 
60 
72 

ssl 

93 i 
1151 

125 

131 

142 

151 

156 

166 

101176, 

15191 

20 211 

5 216 

10 226 

12238 

12 250 

11261 

10 271 

16 287 

27 314 

10 324 

8 332 

11343 

15 358 

51363 



(347) F'm Raleigh to 

Columbia, S. C. 
Via Fnyetteville and 

Cher aw, S. C. 
To Middle Creek 

Averysboro' 

Fayetteville . 
Davis' Springs .. 
Randallsville. ... 

Montpelier 

Laurel Hill 



8I99J 



Che RAW, S. C. .. 

Tiller's Ferry 

Camden 

Columbia 



(348) F'm Raleigh to 

WiL.MINGTON. 

To Goldsboro'— I I 
(seeNo. 338) ...I I 52 

Wilmington &r Raleigh 
Railroad. 



Dudley's 


9 


Faison's 


12 


Warsaw 


8 


Strickland 


8 


Tear-hy's 


9 


S. Washington. 


9 


Bergaw 

Rocky Mount.. 


7 


8J 


Wilmington.. 


m 



(349) F'm Gareysburg 
to Beaufort, 

Via Plymouth «$- J^ew- 
bern. 



To Jackson 

Rich Square 

Britton's Store . . . 

Windsor 

Plymouth 

Wnshington 

Switl Creek B'dge 

Newbern 

Cravensville 

Beaufort 



(350) F'm Edenton to 

Norfolk, Va. 



To Hertford 

VVoodville 

Elizabeth City.... 

New Lebanon 

South Mills 

r,ake Drummond. 
Deep Creek, Va... 
Norfolk 



(351) F'm Wilmington 
TO Norfolk, Va. 

To Gareysburg— 1 j 
(see No. 352)... I |l67 

Portsmouth Sr Roanoke 
Railroad. 

Margaretsville 

Newson's, Va. ... 

Franklin 

Carrsville 

Suffolk 

Portsmouth 

Norfolk 



(352) F'm Wilmtngtoh 

TO Washington, D.C. 

Via Richmond. 

Wilmington &r Raleigh 

Railroad. 
To Rocky Mount 

Bergaw 

S. Washington.. 

Teachy's 

Strickland 

Warsaw 

Faison's 

Dudley's 

Goldsboro' 

Nahunta 

Barden's 

Tossnott 

Joiners' 

Rocky Mount... 

Battles' 

Enfield 

Halifax 

Weldon 

Gareysburg 



14i 



Richmond, Petersburg, 
&r Potomac RR. 



Pleasant Hill... 

Belfield 

Jarrett's 

Stony Cteek 

Petersburg ... . 
[Proctor's Creek. 11 



;ki( hmond 

Taylorsviile 

RutherGlen 

iMilford 

Guiney's 

Fredericksb'g 

Aquia C'k Land- 
ing, Va 

Steamboat. 

Mt. Vernon 

Alexandria 

Washington... 



177 
187 
198 
207 
218 
229i 
240i 
261i 
2b-9i 
279i 
290i 
;302i 

mh 

343i 

asu 

358i 



(353) F'm Wilmington 
to Fayetteville. 



I 16 

15 31 

18 49 
17 66 



To Robinson's 

Westbrook 

Elizabethtown ... 
Prospect Hall ... 
Fayetteville . 



(354) F'm Wilmington 
to Charleston, S.C. 

Steamboat. 
ToSmithville....! 130 
Charleston — 130ll60 

(355) From Fayette- 
ville to Salisbury. 

To Murchison's I I 

Mills 14 

Johnsonville | 81 23 



ROUTES IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 



175 



16 
18 

6 
15 

8 

94 
18112 



<3o6) From Salisbury 
TO Norfolk, Va. 



Cftrthage 

Caledonia 

Sugg's Bridge.... 

Hill^s Store 

Mt. Lebanon 

Healing Springs.. 
Salisbury 



To Cotton Grove. 

Spencer 

Asliboro' 

Lanesviile 

Alarley's Mills.... 

St. Lawrence 

Pittsboro' 

Hackney's ;><! R'ds 

Grove 

Ralkigh 

Norfolk— 
(see No. 342)... 178 

(357) F'mSalisbury to 
Lynchburg, Va. 

To Greensboro' ..I | 52 

Danville. Va 52104 

Lynchburg |73ll77 

(358) From Salisbury 
TO VVytheville. 

To Lexington 17 

Salem 

Wythkvillk— 
(see No. 344) .. 



130 

(359) From Salisbury 
TO Clarksvillk, Ga. 
To Statesville . . 27 

Morgantown . 

Ashville 

VVaynesville . 

Franklin 

Clayton 

Clarksville 



(360) F'm Salisbury to 

Greenville, S. C. 
To liincnlnton 
Ervvinville . .. 
Spartansburg. 
Greenville. 



Blairville 

Pinckneyville 

Alt. Tabor 

Decatur 

Unionville 

Cedar Grove 

Cross Keys 

Huntington 

Laurensville 

Waterloo 

Stony Point 

Deadfall 

Smithville 

Abbeville 



(362) From Salisbury 

to Columbia, S. C. 

f^ia Yorkville. 

To Yorkville- 
(see No. 361) 

Gutl)riesville .. 

Brattonsville .. 

Chester 

Blackstock's . . 

Yonguesville. . 

Albion 

Winnsboro' ... 

Cookham 

Columbia 



Wadesboro' 

Morven 

Sneedsboro' 

(Jheraw, S. C... 

Society Hill 

Darlington 

Mar's Bluff 

Jaftrey's Creek... 

Flintville 

Lynch's Creek 

China Grove 19 

Georgetown... 21 



81 

114 

31145 



(361) F'mSalisbury to 

Abbeville, S. C. 
Via Charlotte Sr York- 

ville. 
To C^ina Grove.. 

Concord 

Harrisburg 

Charlotte 

Whitehall 

Ranalesburg 

YORKVILLK, S.C 



(363) From Salisbury 
TO Charleston, S.(J. 

Via Charlotte ^- Cain- 

den, IS. C. 
To Charlotte, 

(see No. 361) ... 

Mt. Seer 

Pleasant Valley, 

S.C 

Bel Air 

C u ret on 's Store... 

Lancaster 

Pleasant Hill 

Sandton 

Flat Rock 

Camden 

Bradford Springs. 

jjSuinpteiville 

j Privateer 

j Vance's Ferry 

Roadsville 

Inabret's 

South Carolina RR. 
Charleston.... 1331244 

(364) From Salisbury 
TO Georgetown, S.C. 

Via Cheraw. 



(365) From Salisbury 
TO Wilmington, 
Via FayetteviUe. 

To Healing Sp'gs. 

Mt. Lebanon 

Hill's Store 

Snugg's Bridge .. 

Caledonia 

Carthage 

.Johnson ville 

Murchinson'sM'ls 

Fayetteville.. 

Prospect Hall 

Eliza bethtown ... 

Westbrooki 

Robinson's 

Wilmington — 



34 



73 



(366) F'm Charleston 
to Georgetown, 

By Stage I I 60 

(367) F'm Charleston 
TO Salisbury, 

Via Camden <S- Char- 
lotte. 
To Surnpfervill( 
(s e No. 363) , 

Camden 

Lancaster 

Charlotte, N. C 
Salisbury — 



To Rockville... 
Kendall's Store. 

Albemarle 

Norwood 

Cedar Hill 

Beverly 



50129 
58167 
37 204 
40244 



(368) F'm Charleston 
TO Kno.wille, Tenn. 

Via Columbia &r Ash- 
ville, JV. C. 

South Carolina RR. 
ToBranchville...l I 62 

Branchville S,-Columbia 

Railroad. 
Rowe's Pump 
Orangeburg .. 
Semerson's... 

Lewisville 

Fort Motte . . . 

Gadsden 

Hopkins 

WoodJands... 
Columbia.... 



71 



91 



111 

119 
51124 
6130 



176. 



ROUTES IX GEORGIA. 



Oakville.. 


13 


M?! 


Pomaria 


1.^^i 


Newberry 


14 


170 


Piisesville 


9 


1/9 


lliiiitsville 


i) 


184 


Holland's 


f) 


IH9 


LxURENSVILLti .. 


9 


198 


(ireeiiwood 


II 


■m 




H 


•M-. 


Plains 


H 


■m 


Grkenville 


12 


2H-, 


Travel ier's Rest.. 


10 


•^4o 


Merrittsville 


18 


2:iH 


Fiut Rock 


l:^ 


■/.n 


Henderson vi lie... 




'MH 


Mud Creek 


5 


m 


Limestone 


4 


i«/ 


Ashville.. 


10 
11 


1 


French Broad 




]Q'mf 


IVarm Springs.. 


IH 


m 


Newport 


•M 


HHl 


Oak Grove 


10 


H71 


Uandridge 


f" 


;^7.H 


Tuckahoe 


11 


m 


Mechlenburg.... 


If) 


405 


Knoxville 


5 


410 



(372) F'm Columbia to 

Raleigh, N.C. 
f^ia Camden <S- Cheraw. 



14311(371) F'm Charleston 
TO Savannah, 
By Steamboat....! 1110 

(3 

V 

To Camden 

Tiller's Ferry 

Cheraw 

LiiurelHill. N.C. 

iVlontpelier 

Randallsville 

Davis' Spring 

Fayettevillk .. 

Averysboro' 

Middle Creek 

Raleigh 



(3C9) F'm Charleston 
TO Algusta, Ga 



South Carolina RR 
To Mile Pump .. 

Sneath's 

Woodstock 

Ladson's 

Somerville 

Ijawrence's 

Inabret's 

Ross's 

St. George's 

Reeve's 

Branchville . 
Edisto Turn-out, 

Midway 

Loury's 

Graham's 

Blackville 

Wiliiston 

White Pond 

Windsor 

Johnson's 

Aiken 

Clark's 

Marshes 

Hamburg 

Augusta, Ga. 



(373) F'm Columbia to 
Salisbury, 
Via Yorkville. 

To Cookham 

Winsboro' 

Albion 

Vonguesville 

Blackstock's 

Chester 

Brattonsville 

Guthriesville 

Yorkville 

Raiiaiesburg, ISiC, 

Whitehall 

Charlotte 

Harnsburg 

Concord 

China (irove 

Salisbury 



ClarksviUe, Ga. ..[20' 79' 

Nacoochee 13 92 

Dahlonega |21ill3 

(377) Fr'm Abbeville 
TO Union Point, Ga. 
To Calhoun's M'ls 
Petersburg, Ga. .. 

Danbury 

Washington 

Tyrone 

Public Square 

Union Point 



1 

111140 
101150 



374) F'm Columbia to 
Rutherfordt'n, J\(J. 
42 
£0 



To Maybintown 
Goshen Hill 



(370) F'm Charleston 
to Savannah, Ga. 



To Jacksonboro' 

Blue House 

Pocotaligo 

Grahamsville 

Savannah, Ga. . 



I 32 

18 M 
14 64 
lo 7!i 
331112 



Unionville 

Glenn's Springs .. 

Spiirtansburg 

Ruthkrfordt'n 



(375) F'm Columbia to 
Augusta, Ga. 



To Lexington... 

Leesville 

Ridge 

Edgetield C. H. . 

Hamburg 

Augusta 



(376) F'm Greenville 
TO Dahlonega, Ga. 
To Pickensville 
Pickens C.H... 
West Union.... 
Davis' Ferry ... 



113 
18 31 



10 41 

18l 59 



(378) From Savannah 
TO Augusta. 
Central Railroad. 
ToBrinsonsville— 
(see No. 379) . . . 
Stage. 

Waynesboro' 

Richmond Fact'y 
Augusta 



80 



10 



20 



22102 

lain; 

10il27 

(379) From Savannah 
TO Macon. 
Central Railroad. 
To Eden Depot 

Reform 

Armenia 

Halcyondale... 

Depot 

Scarboro' 

Brinsonvilie ... 

Midville 

Holcomb 

Depot 

Davisboro' 

Tennille 

Oconee 

Emmett 

Kingston 

Gordon 

Larkville 

Macon 



4 50 
10 60 
10 70 
10 80 
151 9o 

5,100 
12112 
101-22 
13135 
12147 

51a2 

8160 
10170 
10180 
;10ll90 

(380) F'm Savannah to 
Montgomery, Ala. 

Via Macon S,- Colum- 
bus. 

To Macon- 
(seeiNo. 379) ... 

Kndxville 

Francisville 

Union 

Daviston ....' 

Talboton 

Fillerslie 

Columbus 

Crawford, Alii. .. 

Society Hill 

Tuskegee 

Cross Keys 

CJabahatchie 

Mt. ftleigs 

Montoomery . . . 



a53 



ROUTES IN GEORGIA. 



177 



t381) F'm Savannah to 

iSx. AUGUSTIiNE, Fa. 



ToOldC. H 




17 


Kiceboro' 


17 


34 


S. Newport 


14 


4fc 


Darien 


H 


H'J 


Belliel 


«;^ 


«.i 


WaynesviUe 

Langsbiiry 


^ 


m 


lU 


104 


Jertersoiitou 


i:i 


\\t 


St. Mury's 


•j;: 


141 


Jacksonville, Fu.. 


40 


181 


St. Augustine.. 


36 


■M 



(382) F'm Savannah to 

Knoxville, Teiui. 

Via Macon. 

To Macon— I I 
(seexNo. 3:9)...| 1190 

JIucon iS,- Western RR. 



Stulliiig's Store... 

Forsyth 

Barnesville 

Griffin 

atage. 

York 

Fayettevilie 

Barryville 

Canipbelltown ... 

Howell 

Mill Grove 

Marietta 

Cassville 

New Echota 

Spring Place 

Pleasant Valley .. 

Cleveland 

Calhoun 

Mantua 

Athens 

Philadelphia 

Blain's ierry 

Campbell'sStation 
Knoxville 



247 



15 

81270 
12; 282 
10 2112 

2294 

8^302 
311333 
22 355 
18 373 

6:379 
23402 
11413 

5i418 
10428 
20,448 

54o3 
15 468 
15l483 



(383) F'm Augusta to 
Charleston, S. C. 

To Hamburg .... I 1 1 
South Carolina RR. 



Ross's 

Inabret's 

Lawrence's 

Sonierville 

Ladson's 

Woodstock 

Sneath's 

Ei^ht-niile Pump, 
Charleston ..., 



100 

104 

109 

115 

119 

121 

31124 

5129 

8; 13: 



(384) F'm Augusta to 

Athens. 

Georgia Railroad. 

To Union Point— I I 
(see No. 385) ... 1 I 76 
Athens Branch RR. 



Woodvilje 

Salnionville 

Lexington Depot. 

Pinston's 

Athens 



5 81 



(385) F'm Augusta to 
Atlanta, 

Via Madison £r Gov 
ington. 

Georgia Railroad. 



Marsh's 

Clark's 

Aiken 

Johnson's 

Windsor 

White Pond 

Williston 

Blackville 

Graham's 

Loury's 

Midway 

Branchville ... 

Reeve's 

St. George's 



9 
13 
17 

22 

30 

34 

4J 3M 

47 

56 

5 61 

4 65 

10 75 

10 85 



To Bell Air.... 

Berzelia 

Hearing 

Thompson 

Camac 

Camming 

Crawfordville . . 
Union Point .. 
Greensboro' .... 

Ruckhead 

Madison 

Kutledge's 

Social Circle ... 

Covington 

Holconib's 

Stone Mountain 

Depot 

Atlanta 



(386) F'm Augusta to 
Nashville, Tenn 

Via Atlanta, Spring 
Place, and Jasper, 
Tenn. 



Georgia Railroad. 
To Atlanta— 

(see No. 385) . 
Stage. 

Marietta 

Cassville 

New Echota — 
Spring Place. 

Red Hill 

Dogwood 

Rossville 

8* 



Chattanooga, 

Tenn 

Lookout Valley 

Jasper 

Battle Creek ... 

Pelham 

Hillsboro' 

Manchester 

Noah's Fork ... 

iMillersburg 

Murfreesboro' .. 
Nashville — 



(387) F'm Augusta to 
Montgomery, Ala. 

Via Atlanta and West 
Point. 

To Atlanta— 
(see No. 385; 

Hancock 

Fayettevilie .. 

Kidron 

Saluda 

Newnan 

VVatson's 

Corinth 

Shiloh 

La Grange.. 

Long Cane... 

West Point 

Cusseta 

Mt. Jetferson . 

Auburn 

Chehaw 

Montgomery and West 
Point RR. 

309 



165 

183 

193 

204 

5209 

5214 

7 221 

71228 

1236 

243 

253 

258 

272 

279 

290 

30O 



Uphaupee 

Fort Decatur.. 

Magruder's 

Creyon's 

Montgomery 



(388) F'm Augusta to 
Montgomery, Ala. 

Via Madison, Indian 

Spri7igs, ds' Columbus. 

To Madison— 
(see No. 385) . . 

Shadydale 

Monticello 

Planter's 

Indian Springs 

Unionvilie 

Barnesville 

Union Hill 

Thomaston 

Pleasant Hill.... 

Bellevue 



Blurt" Springs.. 
Waverly Hall., 

EUerslie , 

Columbus 

montgomery- 
(see No. 380) , 



178 



ROUTES IN GEORGIA. 



(389) F'm Augusta TO 

MONTGOMKRY, 

Via Milled geviile, Ma- 
con, d- CuliLinbus. 
To Camac— 
(see No. 385) 

Warreiiton 

Miiyfield 

Sparta 

Devereaiix's Store 

MiLLKDGKVlLLE. 

Wallace 

Macon 

Kiioxville 

Fraiicisville 

Union 

Daviston 

Talbotton 

Ellerslie 

CoLUiMBUS 

Montgomery— 

(see No. 380) ... 82' 301 

(390) F'm Augusta to 
Pknsacola, Flor. 

Via Warrejiton, Macon, 
Bainbridst, Chatta- 
hoochee, i,-L,aGrange, 
Flor. 

To Macon— 
(see No. 379) , . 

Busbeeville 

Perry 

Limestone 

MarshallviiJe.... 
Traveller's Rest . 

Americus 

Starkville 

Palmyra 

Albany 

Newton 



Anderson C. H. .. 

Steele's 

Pendleton 

Double Branches. 

Pickensville 

CJreenville 

Knoxville— 
(see No. 368)... 



lOd 
113 

8;1JI 
131134 

I75I309 



(392) Fr'm Athens to 

Madison viLLE.Tenn. 

Via Oarksville. 

To Grove Hill....! I 10 

loh Madison Springs, 8-' 24 
■■■' rariie.Nville 12^ 



Athens 

Grove Hill 

Dimielsville 

.Madt^m Springs 

<Jariiesville 

Poinsett 

Clarksville 



97 

109 

118 

181136 



20 

Bainbridgk 40 

Chattahoochee 

Florida 41 

Marianna 25 

Oak Hill K 

Holmes' Valley ..iis« 

La Grange 25 

Steamboat. 
Pensacola I90 



249 



(391) F'm Augusta to 

Knoxville, Tenn. 

Via GreevviUe, S.C. Sr 

Ashville, J\r. C. 



To Hamburg.S.C 

Edgefield 

Duntonsvilie 

Ijonfrmire's Store. 

Winter Seat 

Fraziersville 

Abbeville 

Temple of Health 
Varennes 



23 24 

9 33 

9 421 

5 47; 

9' 561 

9 65 i 

10 75 

10, 85! 



I'oiiisett 

Clarksville... 

Nacoochee 

AIadisonville.. 



9 45 
18! 63 

961176 



(393) Fr'm Athens to 

Dahlonega. 
To Jefferson . . . 
Cnniiingham's 

Store 

Gainesville 

Lucksville 

New Bridge ... 

Auraria 

Dahlonega . . 



(396) From Milledge 

VILLE TO DaRIEN. 

To Emmett .... 

Irwinton 

I Rains' Store.... 

Marion 

jTarversville 

Hawkinsville 

Copeland 

Temperance 

Jacksonville 

Lumber City . 
Boxville.... 
Perry's Mills ...! 

Surrency 

Fort Barrington . 
Darien 



25 



55 

75 

102 

112 

9121 

231144 

9153 

15 168 

I8I186 

44 2.30 

101240 



To Wallace 

M.\CON 

Knoxville .. 
Francisville 

(394) Fr'm Athens to Dattton " ' 
HuNTsviLLE, Ala. Motion :; 
Via Rome & Gunter' s\ EWershe .... 



J97) From .Milledge. 

VILLE TO Columbus. 
13 
30 



-Landing 

To Gainesvil 
(see No. 39 

Cummings' 

High Tower 

Orange 

Canton 

Cassville .... 

Rome 

Missi(inaryStation 

Ballnlay, Ala. .. 

Gayjesville 

Van Buren 

Marshall 

Claysville, (oppo 
site Guiiter': 
Landing) 

Newhope 



Columbus 



12 

12 

16.._ 

I6I124 



From Macon to 
Augusta. 



43} 

g I :To Wallace 

go iMlLLEDGEVILLE. 

qo Devereuux' Store. 

Ill Sparta 

jioi May Held 

,^ IWurrenton 

Camac 



-,156 
9165 

8183 
18201 



17 



13 


30 


15 


45 


H 


53 


12 


65 


H 


74 


3i 


77i 



Georgia Railroad. 
Augusta 147 J 1125 

(399) From Macon to 
Marietta. 



5 206 

HuNTsviLLE ....:2224r To Sfalling's Store 
Forsytl 

(395) From Milledge- " 
VILLE TO Clarks- 
ville, 



'Barnes 

Griffin 

Stage. 

V,a^^thens. l^.^y^eVteviile:;: 

1 o Cloptonsville . 16 Barry ville .. . 

(•'»'''."*'>" 10 26 Camphelltown, 

■Vl'V''*"" 20| 46 Howell... . 

^I'lem 10 56 Mill Grove....; 

VVatkms ville 1 10, 66: Marietta ... 



Macon S,- Western RR. 

13 

12 •' 

lie. 



57 



ROUTES IN FLORIDA. 



179 



(400) From Columbus 

TO Charleston, 
Via Macon &,- Jlitgusta. 



ToEllerslie 

Tiilbotton 

])n vision 

Union 

Francisville 

Knoxville 

Macon 

Wiillace 

MiLLEDGEVlLLK 

Devereuux' titore 

ypartu 

AluyHeld 

Wiirreiiton 

Camac 



Georgia Railroad. 



9 11985 
10^1209 
10 1219 



Thompson 

Dearing 

Burzelia 

Bell Air 

Augusta 

Ferry. 
Hamburg, S. C 

South Carolina RR. 
Charleston— I 1 

Cseei\o.383) ..113(31356 

(401) From Columbus 

to Savannah, 

Via Macon. 

To Macon— 1 I 

(seeJNo.400)...l | 94 
Central Railroad. 



Larksville — 

Gordon 

Kingston 

Emmet 

Dconee , 

Tennille 

Ditvisboro' .. 

Depot 

Iloicomb.... 

Mi.lville 

Brinsonville . 
Scarboro' ... 

Depot 

Ilalcyondale 

Armenia 

Reform 

Eden Depot . 
Savannah . . 



137 

149 

162 

172 

12184 

oW 
15204 
10/214 
10224 
10234 

41238 

162n4 

10 264 
20 284 



(402) From Columbus 
to Madison. 



Union Hill 

Barnesville 

Union vilie 

Indian Spring; 

Planter's 

Monticelio 

Shadydale 

Madison 



(403) From Columbus 

TO Rome. 
To Cataula . 
Hamilton.... 

Carlisle 

La Grange. 

Corinth 

Watson's 

Newnan 

Lodi 

Rotlierwood 
Carrollton 



Hickory Level — 

Van Wert 

Cedartown 

Rome 



14 
7 21 

14 35 
12 47 

15 62 



7 7b 

8 84 
5 89 

12 101 
7 108 
25 133 
13146 
10156 



(404) From Columbus 
TO Apalachicola. 
Steamboat. 
To Ft. Mitchell .. 
(Jrwichee Bend... 
M 'Cloud's Ferry . 
Roanoke 

EuFAULA 

Ft. Gaines 

Columbia 

Woodville 

Brown's Ferry ... 
Chat'ahoochek 

f )chessee 

Prison Blutt" 

loll 

Ft. Gadsden 

Apalachicola 



11 

21 
U 

18 
25 
30 
13 
15 
28 

9 193 
20213 
25238 
20258 
22I28O 



(405) From MiLLEDGE 
viLLE TO Tallahas- 
see, Flor. 

i Via Bainbridse. 



(406) FromMilledge- 
VILLE TO Columbia, 
S. C. 

Via Augusta. 

To Devereaux' 
Store 

Sparta 

May field 

Warrenton .... 

Camac 



3i 
Georgia Railroad. 



ToEllerslie ... 
Waverly Hall. 
Blurt' Springs. . 

l^ellevue 

Pleasant Hill .. 
Thoniaston. . . . 



16 
24 
31 

38 

43 

HI 54 



To Wallace.... 

Ma(()N 

Husbayville.... 

Perry 

liimestone 

.Marsha 11 ville... 
Traveller's Rest 

Americus 

Starkville 

[Palmyra 

Albany 

'Newton 

Bainbridge ... 

Q,uincy, Flor... 

Salubrity. 



I 13 

17 30 

nl 47 
12 .59 

8 67 
3 70 
17 87 
171104 
18122 
71129 
5134 
20154 
40 194 
25 21't 
10 220 



Thompson 

Hearing 

Harzelm 

Bell Air 

Augusta 

Ftrrt). 

Hamburg, S. C. 
Stuge. 

Edgefield C. H. 

Lott's 

Ridge 

Leesville 

Lexington 

Columbia 

(407) Fr'm St. Augus- 
tine to Tallahas- 
see. 

ToWhitesville (or 
Garey's Ferry) . 

Newnansville 

Lancaster 

Mineral Spring . 

Columbus 

XIadison 

Marion 

Lipona 

Lake Laura 

Tallahassee ... 



(408) From Tallahas- 
SEE TO Port Leon. 

By Railroad I I 26 

(409) From Tallahas- 
see to Pensacola. 



To Q,uincy 

Chattahoochee . . . 

Marianna 

Webbville 

Can)pl)ellton 

Alrnirante 

Milton 

Floridatown 

Pensacola 



(410) From Pensacola 

to Mobile, Ala. 
To Blakely 
Mobile — 



il4l 74 



(411) From Mobile to 
Charleston. 

To Blakely I M4 

Tallahassee .. '112401 Stockton Il5l 23 



180 



ROUTES IN ALABAMA. 



Mt. Pleasant ....I 36 

Claiborne i 18 

Burnt Corn 2j 

Greenville 57 

Kirkviile i li;i76 

Sandy Ridge .... 5! 181 
Hickory Grove..: S'lSti 

P'ntLala 1019B 

Montgomery..! 13 209 

West Point I 871296 

Covington 107 403 

Augusta 130 533 

Charleston . . . 1371670 

(412) Fr'm Mobile to 
Montgomery. 
Steamboat. 
ToFt. St. Philip.! 

Ft. Stodder '18 

Tombiffbee liiver.l 5i 44 
English's Landing! 9i 53| 



21 



18 39 
5 44 

13; 57 



(414) From Mobile to 
Columbus, Miss. 
Steamboat. 
To Ft. St. Philip . 

Ft. ytodder 

Alabama River .. 
Mcintosh Bluff"... 
Crawford's Land- 

ing 11 68 

Sunflower Bend.. 10 78 
McMillan's Bluflf. I 7; 85 
Shield's Ferry.... I 7| 92 

St. Stephen's I 8100 

felark's Landing . 12112 
Coffekville....! 8120 
lurner's Shoals. 
Wood's Blurt... 
Cades Landing.. 
Nanafalia BluH". 
Turkey Shoals .. 
Mosc 



13133 
7140 
10150 
21171 
1418,5 
. 21 206 



Tait's Landing.. t25i 78 ^Jemopolis '.'.".'.'.'. 14220 
.lames' Landing.. 14 92 lusciilousa River. 2 222 



French's Landing! 6; 98 
Oliver's Ferry .... 9107 

Gosport I 8115 

Turkey 8hoals ... 13 128 
Bell's Lnndiiig ...:15143 
Lower J'each-tree. 9 l,:i2 
Black Bluff- L'd'g 11 163 
Upper Peach-tree. 13176; 



Prairie Blu 

Canton 

Bridgeport 

BogueChitto... 

Portland 

Centreport 

King's Landing 

Cahavvba 

Selma 

Frederick's Land 



11187 
10197 
3 200, 
12 212 
5 217 
3220 

15 235 
5 240 

16 2 )6 
265 



Benton 120 285 

13 298 

9 307 
10 317 
9 326 
12 338 



Miller's Ferry 

Vernon 

Lowndesport... 
Washington.... 
Montgomery , 



Buzzardroost Brft'282j0 

Jones' Bluff'. 14 264 

frussell's Land'g. 12276 

Gaine.sville 7 283 

Jamestown 12295 

Vienna 10 305 

l"airheld 15320 

Ringo's Bluff".... 9^ 

Pickensville : 9 338 

Young's Bluff; I 

^Miss I 8346 

Columbus 23369 

(415) From Mobile to 
New Orleans, 

By Steamboat....! 1164 

(416) From Mobile to 
Pensacola. 

To Blakely I ,14 

Pensacola l60l 74 



Shelby vijle | 71208 

Fosterville !l3 221 

Murfreesboro' 12 233 

Stuartsboro' |14 247 

BuchaiiansvilJe... 82-55 
Nashville |12 267 ^ 

(418) F'm Tuscaloosa « 
TO Cortland. 

To North port ....I I 
New Lexington ..'23 „ 

i^Wridge.. |28 52 

Ihorn Hil! !22 74 1 

Camp Spring 19 93 

Woulton 10103 

Cortland 16119 

(419) F'M TU3CALOOSA 

TO Columbus, Miss. 

To Carrollton I I 43 

Pickensville 11 ' oi 

Nashville, Miss... 10 k>i 
Columbus 16 79 

(420) F'M TusrALoo.sA 
TO Mobile. 

To Demopolis— l I 

(see No. 413) . . . ' 64 

St. Stephen's 85' 149 

Mobile -68 217 

(421) F'm Tuscaloosa 
TO Montgomery. 

To Mars I \ 24 

Scottsville 61 30 

Centieville 8 oH 

Randolpli '14! .n2 

MaplesviJIe JO tij 

Kingston 24 &; 

Coosada 20106 

Wetumpkn 4 HO 

Montgomery ... 15125 



(422) F'm Montgom'ry 
TO Augusta, Ga. 
, .„. „, „, I Via West Point. 

^^^n^.Vj^^^^^^^'H^Ioutsom^-ry and West 



TO Nashville, 
Via Uuntsville. 

To Bucksville 

Tonesboro' . . . 



(413) From Mobile to 

Tuscaloosa. 
To Mt. Vernon... I i 33., .....e 

NewWake.ield..20l53|Ei;t. 

J>T. Stephen's . . ; 151 68 Mt. Pinson 

<i!'fteeville !17! a5! Village Springs . 

*^'"«v'''e • 22 I07J Blount.ville . . . 

Dkmopolis 7!K3' Uuntsville lo U4 (^ee Ao. 387) ...25 

Macon 8161 Mendi 

Greensboro' 16 177 Hazel 

,15 1H2 Fayett 



Point RR. 

To Creyon's. 

32'|Magruder's.. 

Ill 43 I Ft. Decatur. 

11 54 ! Uphaupee... 

14 68 iCfiehaw 

8 76! L ^ Stanre. 
19 95 I Auburn ....t 

10 1(15 Mt. Jefferson 
14 119 <"iisseta 

11 l;30 VVest P, 



Havanna 

Carthage 

Tuscaloosa 



iile. 



8 152 
6 



258345 

(423) FP...M MONTOOM- 



lle, Tenn 16 174 *^*^ T" IUime, Ga. 



2U0|| Lynchburg 15 189 To Wetnmpka. .. | 116 

21<hFlat Creek 12 201 Rockford... ,'231 38 



ROUTES IN ALABAMA. 



181 



Sylacauga 23 61 



Weewokiiville 

Miirdisville 

Talladega , 

Kelly's Springs... 

Fife's 

Alexandria 

Jacksonville.., 

Ladiga 

State Line, Ga. .. 

Cave Spring 

Vann's Valley 

ROMK 



84 
90 
9ti 
18114 
10 124 
13137 
15152 
4156 
5161 
12173 



(424) From Montgom- 
ery TO UUNTSVILLE. 

To Jacksonville— I I 
(see No. 423)... I 124 

Cove Creek 13137 

Bennettsville 15 152 

Aurora 10 162 

Marshall 17179 

Clays vilie 5184 

Hunts viLLE 35 219 

(425) F'm Montg'mery 
TO Columbus, Miss. 



f^ia Seima. 

To Washington.. 

Vernon , 

Mulberry 

Selma 

Valley Creek 

Hamburg 

Marion 

(ireeiisboro' 

Erie 

Eutaw 

Springfield 

Clinton 

Pleasant Ridge... 

Viennti 

Pickensville 

Nashville, Miss... 
Columbus 



1 10 
lOl 30 
13 33 
18i 51 
3 54 
15 69 
7 76 
18: 94 
13107 
12119 
3122 
7jl29 
l'l30 
8,138 
3141 
10ll51 
161167 



(426) From Montgom- 
ery TO Tuscaloosa. 



To Wetumpka. 

Coosada 

Kingston 

Maplesville 

Randolph 

Centreville 

Scottsville 

Mars 

Tuscaloosa... 



I 15 
4 19 
201 39 
24! 63 
10 73 
14 87 
8 9Jl 
61011 
24125 



(427) From Montgom- 
ery TO Mobile. | 



To Pint Lala . . . 
Hirkory Grove. 
Siindy Ridge... 

Kirkville 

Greenville 



13 

10 23 



5' 33 
II 44 



Burnt Corn 57101 

Claiborne 25 12U 

Mt. Pleasant 18 144 

Stockton 36 ISU 

Blakely 1.3,19; 

Mobile 141209 

Fr'm Montgomery to 

Mobile. 

Steamboat. 

To Mobile— I I 

(seeNo. 412) ...I IS 

(428) F'm Montg'mery 
TO Columbus, Ga 

ToMt. Meigs.... 

Cabaliachie 8 

Cross Keys 9 

Tuskegee 10 

Society Hill 15 

Cruwford 1151 70 

Gerard 11 

Columbus I 1 82 

(429) From Selma to 
huntsville 

To Woodlawii . . 

Piantersville 

Maplesville 

Montevallo 

Shelby ville 

Filyton 

Huntsville— 
(see No. 427) ... 90 17 

(430) From Selma to 
Greenville. 

To Cahawba.. 



Pleasant Hill 

Farmersville 

Bragg's 

Miinningham 

Greenville 



5 14 

9 23 

8 31 

6 37 
12; 49 

91 58 



(431) From Selma to 

Tuscaloosa. 
To Valley Creek 

Hrtmburg 

Marion 

Greensboro' 

Havanna 

Carthage 



18 
25 
43 
58 

6i; 
Tuscaloosa 17, 83 

(432) F'm Huntsville 
to Knoxville, Tenn. 
To Newmarket, 

Ala 

Salem 

Winchester 

Hillsboro' 

Hickory Creek . . 

McMinnville 

Rock Island 



Sparta 13|1I0 

Bonair i 61116 

Railroad Plains .. 61122 

Crossville | 61128 

Bellville 20148 

I'ost-oak Springs . 5 153 

Kingston 

Wood's Hill. 
Campbell's Stat'n 
Knoxville 



7160 
19179 

6 185 
15 200 

(433) F'm Huntsville 
TO Nashville, Tenn. 

To Meridian ville. I 

Hazel Green | 6 

Fayetteville,Tenn 16 

Mulberry 7 

Lynchburg i 8 

Flat Creek 12 

Shelby ville 7 

Fosterville 13 

Murfreesboro' 12 

|Stuartsboro' 14 

iBuchanansville... 8 
Nashville 12 

(434) F'm Huntsville 
TO Florence. 

To Shoal Ford ...I 1 13 

■Athens |l2 25 

Rogersville 23 48 

Masonville jl4! 62 

Florence I 9 71 

(435) F'm Huntsville 
TO Florence. 

To Decatur I ! 31 

Tuscumbin <S- Decatur 



Hillsboro' .. 

Cortliind 

Leighton ... 
Tuscumbia. 
Florence . 



]2| 43 
8 51 

13 64 
10 74 

4' 78 



(436) From Florence 

TO Augusta, Ga. 
To Masonville....! | 9 

Rogersville 12 21 

Athens 23 44 

Shoal Ford 12 56 

Huntsville 13 69 

Ccibb's Store 12 81 

Newhope 10| 91 



Cottunville 
("laysville (upp. 
Gunfer'sL'd'g) 

Marshnll 

Van Bnren 

Galesville 

Ballplay 

Mis.«i()nury Stat'n 

Ga :it;!]:o 

Rome 12 IS2 

CassviUe 17199 



6104 
.%10H 
18 127 
18 145 

91154 



182 



ROUTES IN LOUISIANA. 



Canton 191218 

Woodstock 13 231 

Miirietta 12 2-4 a 

Atlanta 23i26tJ 

Georgia RR 
Augusta— 

CseeAo. 385) ... 1651 431 

(437) F'm Florence to 
Nashvillk, Teiin. 

To Lawrenceburg 

Mt. Pleasant 22 

Colunihia 11 

yprinsHill 12 

Franklin 12 

Good Spring 5 

Nashville Il3!lll 

(438) From Florence 
TO Memphis, Tenn. 

To Young's )i^ 1 

Roads 

Savannah 33 

Combs' Store 4 

Adainsvilie 4 

Purdy ! 9 

Rose Creek lOi V5 

Bolivar 22l 97 

Middleburg , 7104 

Newcastle i 5|109 



S'imerville 

Whitehall 

Oakland 

Birch Pond 

Morning Sun 

Green Bottom... 
Raleigh 



11120 
5125 
5130 
4134 
8142 
6148 
7 loo 
Memphis 10,165 



(439) F'm Florence to 

Columbus, Miss. 
To Tuscumbia ... 

Russellville 

Tollgate 

Pikeville 

Moscow 

Border Spring, 

Miss 

Columbus 



(439J) Fr'm Florence 

TO Paducah, 

(Mouth of Tennessee 

River.) 

Steamboat. 

To Savannah, I | 

Tenn 65 

Perrysville 581123 

Reynoldsbnr^ ....'48jl71 
Paducah, Ken.. 1051276 

{K?" For distances on 
the Mississippi, Ohio, 
and Missouri Rivers, 
see pages 



(440) F'm N. Orleans 

TO Natchez. 
ToLaF:iyette. 
Bonnet Carre... 

Hringier's 

iJonaldsonville . 

Kew River 

Iberville 

Manchac 

Baton Rouge... 

Port Hudson 34146 

St. Francisville...! 2148 
West Fdiciana RR. ! 



Camden 

Pt. Coupee L'd'g. 
Lit. Missouri Riv. 

Dnlhisport 

Manchester 

Archideli'hia .. 



221703 
10715 
26741 
43 784 
14 798 
12 810 



10 m 

9 92 
10102 
10112 



Laurel Hill 17 

Woodville 11 

Stage. I 

Cold Spring 15 

Natchez 120, 



(441) F'm N. Orleans 
TO Ft. Gibson, Ind. 
Ter. 

Steamboat. 
To Napoleon, I | 
(m. of Arkan- 
sas River)....' ! 620 
M'tgomery's Pt. 20 640 
Post of Arkansas 45; 685 

Pine Bluff 120| 805 

Little Rock . 100 905 

Lewisburg 65 970 

Dardanelle 4511015 

Spadra Bluff...' 301045 
Morrison's Bluff, 61051 
McLain's Bott. 151066 

Ozark 101076 

Van Buren 601136 

Fort Smith... 91145 

Fort Coffee 201165 

Webber's Falls. 601225 
Fort Gibson.. 401265 

(4410 F'm N.Orleans 
TO Opelousas. I 
Steamboat. I I I 
ToPlaquemine.. 117| 
Opelousas |100|217 

(442) F'm N. Orleans 
to Archidelphia. 
Ark. 

Steamboat. 
To Mouth of Red I 

River 

Trinity (Washita 

River) 122 

Harrisonburg 22 

[Columbia 64444 

iMonroe I 79,523 

IBurk's Landing, i 

I Ark 130653 

j Reason's Land, .i 12665 
Champagnole ... 8 673 
iBeach Hills I 10683 



:i=i8 



(443) F'M N. Orleans 
to Shreveport. 

Steamboat. I 1 
To Red River L'g' 236 

Ale.\andria 84 320 

Natchitoches 94 414 

Shreveport — 861500 

(444) F'm N. Orleans 
TO Galveston, Tex. 

By Steamboat I 1450 

(445) F'm N. Orleans 
TO Mobile. 

Steamboat. I 1 
To Pass Christian. 65 
Mississippi City ..14' 79 

Pascagoula 1 30 109 

Mobile :55164 

(446) F'm N. Orleans 
TO Locopolis, Mi.ss. 

Steamboat. I 

To Mouth of Ya- | 

zoo River |420 

Satortia 52472 

Yazoo City 21493 

Tchula 157 550 

Marion 33583 

Locopolis !77i660 

(447) F'm N.Orleans 
TO Houston, Texas. 

To Opelousas— I | 

(seeNo. 44U) ..I 217 
Buchanan's Ferry 90:307 



Ballou's Ferry.... 


m^ 


Pattillos, Te.xas.. 


3340 


Beaumont 




Liberty 


501402 


Houston 


50!452 


(448) F'm N. Ori 


EA.N3 


to Austin, Tie 


vas. 


Via J\ratchitoch 


es. 


Steamboat. 




To Natchiyo- 






CHES— 






(see No. 443)... 




414 


FortJessnp 


2o 


4;^ 


Lowe's Ferry .... 


29 


468 


Sabine Town, 






Texas 


2 


470 


Milan 


15 


4R=> 


San Augustine... 


15 500 


Nacogdoches... 


•A->\^-i,i 


Douglass 


15550 


Mt. Airy 


10 


560 



ROUTES IN TEXAS AND ARKANSAS. 



183 



Crockett 

Cincinnati 

Huntsville 

Montgomery 

Rusk 

Fanthorp's 

"VV\\^SHINGTON 

Independence 

Mt. Vernon 

Shelby's 

Rutersvilie 

La Grange 

Plum Grove 

Mt. Pleasant 

Bastrop 

Webber's Prairie. 
Austin 



.37 597 



15 W2 
25tit;7 
12 679 
5 684 
18 702 
11 713 
10 723 
151738 
191757 
5762 
91771 
201791 
11802 
15817 
18 835 



(449") Fr'm Galveston 

TO Washington, 

Via Huuston. 

To Houston I | 80 

Myrtle Turf |30|110 

Washington — \2o\ 145 

(450) Fr'm Galveston 
to Matagorda. 

To San Louis .... 1 ! 28 

Velasco Il2 40 

Cedar Grove 25' 65 

Matagorda 25i 90 

(451) F'm Velasco to 
Washington- 



(454) Fr'm Galveston 
TO Corpus Christi. 



To Matagorda — 

Texana 

Victoria 

Goliad 

Corpus Christi 



190 
40130 
241154 
34:188 
45:233 



(455) F'm San Augus- 
tine TO BONHAM. 
To Shelby viile... | 20 

Hillyar's 

Klysian Fields 

Marshall 

Smithland 

Hughes 

Daingerfield 

Weaver's 

Boston 

DeKalb 

Savannah 

Clarksville 

Blossom Prairie... 

Paris 

Honey Grove 

BoNHAM 



18' 

3(j 74 
23 97! 
15112 
20132, 
20152' 
17,169: 
14183 

16199: 

15 214: 

15 229: 
22 251 

22 273 
14 287 
18 305 



(456) F'm Little Rock, 
TO St. Louis, Mo. | 

55 



Fort Smith I 5166 

Kedron ^194 

Miickey's Salt 

Works 18,212 

Fort Gibson.... 20 232 

(458) F'm Little Rock 
TO Fort Towson. 



To CoUegeville... 

Benton 

Rockport 

Raymond 

Washington 

Columbus 

Paraclit'ta 

Ultima Thule..., 

Eagletown 

Fort Towson . . 



To Brazoria 

Columbia 

Orozimba 

Big Creek 

Richmond 

San Felipe de 
Austin 


10' 28 
10 38 
10 48 
15 03 

35 98 
9107 


Travis 

Cedar Creek 

Washington.... 

(452) F'M Matag 
TO Austin. 

To Preston 

Peach Creek 


13 
11 
14 

OR 

8 

35 
73 


120 
131 
145 

DA 

40 
48 
60 
90 
125 

198 


Columbus 

La Grange 

Austin— 

(see No. 448)..- 



20115; 

5120 
15135 
16151! 
14 165 
27 192 
23 215 
35 2501 
4 254 : 
4 258; 
22 280; 
122921 
7 299, 
9 3081 



(453) F'm La Grange 
TO San Antonio de 
Be.xar. 

To Gonzales ] 

Seguin 35 

San Antonio de 
Be.var 135 



:To Searcy C.H.. 

Batesville 

Reed's Creek 

Smithville 

! Jackson 

|Fourche De'Mas 

Hicks' Ferry 

(;ane Creek, Mo. 

Greenville 

Fredericktown . . 
.Mine La Motte.. 

Fariuiiigtoii 

Caledonia 

[POTOSI 

;01d Mines 

Glenfinlas 

Hillsboro' 10 318 

Clifton 15 333 

Knott's Sulphur, I 

Sprhigs 4 337 

Jetlersoii Barracks 11 348 

Carondelet 5 3i3 

St- Louis 6 359 

(457) F'm Little Rock 
i TO Fort Gibson. 

To Lewisburg 

iPt. Remove . 
jDwight 

Scotia 

j Pittsburg — 

Clarksville .. 
iflorsehead... 
I Ozark 

Pleasant Hill 
I Van Buren . . 



' 45 
6 51 
26 77 
6 83 
8 91 
8' 99 
12111 
15126 
121138 
23I16I 



,132 
25157 
25182 
10 192 
47 239 



(459) F'm Little Rock 
to Napoleon. 

To Pine Bluff....! 150 

Richland 20 70 

Arkansas Post... .47 117 

Wellington 16133 

White River j 6139 

Napoleon 9148 

(460) F'm Little Rock 
TO Helena. 

To Clarendon ....I 1 60 

Lawrenceville 15| 75 

Big Creek 28103 

Helena 19122 

(461) F'm Little Rock 
TO Mouth ofWhite 
River. 



To Rock Roe.... I 

Steam boat. 
Mouth of White! 
River I 



462) F'm Little Rock 
to Memphis, Tenn. 

To Cache I l 60 

Memphis I98ll58 

(463) F'm Little Rock 
TO Shreveport, La, 

To Washington' 1122 

Spring Hill j25147 

Levvisville 26173 

Belleview, La. ... 52 225 
Shreveport 18 243 

(464) F'm Little Rock 
to Boston, Texas. 

To Washington! |I22 

Fulton 15 137 

Boston |5oll92 



184 



ROUTES IN MISSISSIPPI. 



(465) Pr'm VanBuren 
TO Jefferson City, 
Mo. 

To Fayetteville. . 1 I 5o' 

Benton ville | 20 70 

Springfield, Mo.. 100 170 
Jefferson City. 401210; 

(466) F'm Natchez to 
Cincinnati. O. 

Via Columbus, JVash- 

vMe, A- Lezingtun. 
Mississippi Railroad. 
16 



To Washington 
Malcolm 



GalJatin .... 
Line Store . 
Newtown .. 
Jackson... 

Canton 

Sharon 

Springfield . , 

Ofahonia 

Hopahka .... 

Louisville | 37 

Choctaw Agency, 25 

ohoco 

Columbus 

Florence— 
^ (see No. 4 ) 
Nashville— 

(see No. 437) 
Cincinnati— 

(see No. 478).. ,'2911 760 

(467) F'M Natchez TO 

Maysville, Ky. 
To Lexington 

(^ee Nos. 466 & 

Moreland..'".'.' 

Paris 

MilJersi.urg;;.'"" 
Forest Retreat...! 
Lower Blue Lick. 

W'ly sLick 

VVashington 

M.4.YSVILLE.. 



Montgomery .. 
Franklin ...... 

Lexington 

Black Hawk .. 
Carrollton . . . 

(Grenada 

Oakachickama 
Coffeeville 



117 
! Ill 1469 



Ragsdale's Stand 
Oxford .... 

College Hill.;::: 

Wyatt.. 
Waterford. ::.■■■ 

Holly Springs . . 
N. Mt. Pleasant 

Colliersville 

Gennantown 



21213 

13 226 
4,230: 

14 244 
16 2601 

6 266 1 
8 274i 
10284 
9293i' 
.15 308 

15 323 
11334 



676 



Memphis ...!:::: 14 

(470) Fr'm Vicksburg 
TO Jackson. 

ToBovina 1 1 13 

Edwards' Depot.. 6 19 

,%'^o"s 8 27 

V'"^"" 8 35 

Jackson | 9, 44 

(471) F'm Jackson to 
Gainesville, Ala, 

To Brandon... 
Centennary Coll.: 
Hillsboro' .. 

County Line ::::" 

Union 



12 



Herbert..::: 11 ™. 

j^eKaib ::::2oio6 

Gainesville .... 32138 
(472) F'm Jackson to 

Vicksburg. 

VicksbuTs and Clinton] 

Railroad. 



9134 



6 705 
"713 

12725 

W33, 

I 4I737 

(468) F'M Natchez TO I 
Louisville, Ky. 

To Nash VILLE— 

(see No. 466) .. 
Louisville— 

(see No.481),.|l8l!650 

(469) F'm Natchez to 

Memphis, 
Via Jackson. Levins- 

ton, ^ Holly Springs. 
To Jackson— i | 

(seeNo. 466) ...I llOO 
Canton 23123 



To Clinton 

Bolton's 

Edward's Depot! 

Bovina 

Vicksburg : 



(473) F'm Jackson to 
Natchez. 

To Newton I 1 10 

Line Store I12 22 

^'I'ltin 15 37! 

Malcolm 33I 70 

Mississippi Railroad. 

Washington |14l 84 

Natchez Ilylioo 

(474) From Columbus 

TO Natchez. | 

To Chortaw Ag'yl I 24' 

Louisville 25 49 

Hopahka 37I ggi 

Springfield 14100. 

G""toii 118 1181 



terz- IT' 

(see No. 473) ..1100 241 
(475) From Columbus 

TO Memphis, Tenn. 
Via Pontotoc d- UoUu 

Springs. 
To Waverly 

Colbert.... :.;::■• g 

Hamilton g 

Aberdeen... 
Cotton-gin Purt 

Pontotoc 

Cypress Creek.. 

Waterford:::::' 

Holly Springs 

Memphis I53il87 

(476) Fr'm Nashville 
TO vVashington,D.C. 

Via Knoxville. 
To Green Hill. 

Cedar Grove 

Lebanon 

Three Forks...: 

Alexandria 

Liberty 

Smithville 

Allen's Ferry... 

Sparta 

Bonair Springs. 
Railroad Plains. 

Crossville 

Belleville 

Post Oak Spring 

Kingston 

Wood's Hill 

Campbell's Stat' 

Knoxville 

Academia 10 

^ in'sx; Roads.: 9 
Kutledge 14' 



114 

25 
32 
45 
50 
57 
67 
73 



6101 
6107 
20127 
5132 
7139 
19158 
164 
179 



198 



9 221 
4225 

7:232 
10 242 
8250 
3253 
7260 
9 269 
6 275 
9 284 



Bean's Station 

ReS'W.a;^":! 

Rogersviile 

Yellow Store... 
Lyon's Store ... 
New Canton . .. 

Kingsport 

Eden's Ridge... 
Blountsville 
Snplin Grove... „ „^ 
Abingdon, Va..! 13 306 

Ced.irville ; 7 313 

Glade Sprinsr 5 318 

Seven-mile Ford.. 

Marion 

Pleasant Hill ...:' 
Rural Retreat . 
Wytheville.... 
Draper's Valley .. 

i\evvbern ij 

Ingle's Ferry . . . . ; 7 



11329 
6335 

11316 
7353 
9362 



ROUTES IN TENNESSEE. 



185 



410 



Christiansburg 
La Fayette — 

Salem 

Bit; Lick 

Lisbon 

Liberty , 

Otter Bridge.. 
New London. 
Lynchburg . 
Charlottks- 

VILLK 70 

Fredericksb'rg 85 645 
AquiiiCr'k L'd'g 14 659 
Steamboat. 

Alexandria 57l716 

Washington 7i723 

(477) From Nashville 
TO Maysville, Ky. 

To Glasgow — 
(see No. 478) ... 

Hiirrodsburg 

Lexington 

Maysville 



9 16 
10 26 
24' 50 

9' 59 
13 72 
12 84 



92176 
31207 
61;268 



(478) From Nashville 

TO Cincinnati. 
To Pleasant Hill.. 
Heiidersonville ... 

Gallatin 

JState Line 

ScottsviUe, Ky. .. 

Lewis 

Glasgow 

BiueSpiingGrove|13 97 

Three Springs [ 4101 

Monroe ' 6 107 

Greensburg 11 118 

Campbellsville ... 12 130 

Newmarket 12142 

l^ebanon 6 148 

Perry ville 18166 

Harrodsburg .. 10176 
Shuwnee Run....i 7183 

Nicholasville 12195 

Lexington 12 207 

Delphton i 8 215 

(ieorgetown 1 4 219 

Williamstown. . . . 85 254 

Crittenden 11 265 

Florence 16 281 

Covington I 9 290 

Cincinnati I 1291 



(479) From Nashi 
to Maysville, 

To Lexington— 
(see No. 478) . . . 

Moreland 


IT 

207 
8215 

8 230 
6236 

8244 

4268 




Millersbnrg 

Forest Retreat.... 
L,ower Blue Lick 

May's Lick 

Washington 

Maysville 



(480) From Nashville 
Ky. 



! 65 
12 77 
30107 
12119 
16135 
28163 



351198 



to SMITHLAND 

Steamboat. 
ToClarksville... 

Palmyra 

Dover 

Tobaccoport 

Cimton, Ky 

Kddyville 

Smithland, (ut 

the mouth of 

CumberI'd Riv. ) 

(481) From Nashville 
TO Louisville, Ky. 

To Pleasant Hill.. ' 7 
Mansker's Creek . ' 6 13 

Tyree Springs 7 20 

Mitchell vilie 14 

Franklin 9 

Bowling Green 22 
Orippnig Spring.. 14 

Three Forks 8 

VVoodson ville.... 11 

Mumtbrdsviile 10 

Leesville 8 

iNolen 12112? 

Elizabethtown ... 10138 

West Point 22 160 

Salina 10170 

Louisville 11 181 

(482) From Nashville 
TO Smithland, Ky 

To Mt. Henry....! I 30 

Fredonia 5 

Clarksville Ill 46 

Oak Grove 12' 58 

Hopkinsville 14j 72 

Cerulian Spring.. 16 

Princeton 10 98 

Fredonia 14112 

Salem 10 122 

Smithland 1513 

(483) From Nashville 

TO CoLUiMBUS, Ky 

To Chesnut Grove 

Charlotte 

Batson's 

Waverly 

Reynoldsburg 

Sandy Hill 

Paris 

Barren Hill 

Boydsville 

Feliciana 

Clinton 

Columbus 



18 
10 
12 

tt 

19! 88 
12100 

7 10 
13120 
16 136 
11147 
12159 



(484) From Nashville 
TO Memphis. 



hToREYNOLDSI 

(see No. 483) 
llCamtlen 



'«l 



!|l0l 79 



Sandy Ridge 

Huntingdon 

Reullara 


8187 
111 98 
7ia<i 


S. Carroll 

Sprmg Creek 

Jackson . . 


J 

1 

10 


114 

1^5 


Medon 

Bolivar 

Middleburg 

Newcastle 

Somerville 

Whitehall 

Oakland 


IS 

19=) 


Birch Pund 

Morning Sun 

Green Bottom 

Raleigh 

Memphis 


199 

207 

230 



(485) From Nashville 

TO Natchez, 
F'ia Columbus Sr Jack- 

son. 
To Good Spring.. 13 

Franklin 

Spring Hill 

Columbia 

Mt. Pleasant 

Lawrenceburg . . . 22 
Florence, Ala. .36 
Tuscumbia. 

Rusi^ellville 18 

Tollgate 33 

Pikeville il0|l77 

Moscow 191196 

Border Spr'g.Miss 15 211 



42 
53 
75 
111 
5116 
°134 
167 



171 

24 252 

25 277 
37 314 

8 322 

6 328 
11339 

7 346 
23 369 



CoLUM 

Choctaw Agency 

liouisville 

Hopahka 

Ofahonia 

Springfield 

Sharon 

Canton 

Jackson 

Natchez— 
(see No. 473)... 100 469 

(486) From Nashville 
to Mobile, 

Via Florence, ./]la., Sr 

Columbus, Miss. 
To Florence— i I 

(see No. 485) .. Ill 
Columbus— I 

(see No. 48.5).. 117 228 
Steamboat. I 
Mobile i369 597 

(487) From Nashville 
TO Mobile, Ala. 

Via HuvtsvUle £,' Tus- 
caloosa. 
To Murfreesboro'. I I 34 
Fosterville 1121 46 



186 



ROUTES IN TENNESSEE. 



131 59 

191 78 
15 93 
16109 
6115 
81123 
10133 



Shelbyville 

Lynchburg 

J'ayetteville .... 
Hazel Green — 
Meridianville. .. 

HUNTSVILLE... 

Whitesburg 

Lacy's Springs. 

Oleander 

Martin's Stand . 

Blountsville 

Village Springs .. 19 

Mt. Pinson 8 

Elyton 14 

Jonesboro' 11224 

Bucksville 11235 

Tuscaloosa 32 267 

MOBILK— I 

(see No. 420),.. 217 4&1 

(4^) From Nashville 

TO Charleston, S.C 

Via Augusta, Ga, 



To Murfreesboro 

Millersbiirg 10 

Beach Gruve 11 

Manchester 13 

Hillsboro' 8 

Pelham 1 9 

Battle Creek 25 

Jasper I 4 

Lookout Valley .. 21 
Chattanooga 
Rossville, Ga 



Spring Place, 
Ne^ " 



Jew Echota 

Cassville 

Marietta 

Atlanta... 

Georgia Railroad. 
Augusta 11651442 

South Carolina RR. 
Charleston... 11371579 

(489) From Nashville 

to Charleston, S.C. 

Via Knoxville. 



To Lebanon 

Three Forks 

Alexandria 

Tiiberty 

Smithville 

Sparta 

Honair Springs... 

Crossville 

Belleville..., 

Postoak Springs.. 

Kingston 

Wood's Hill 

Campbell's Stat'n 

Knoxville 

Dandridge 



Newport jl8 

Warm Springs, 

N.C 27 

Ashville 37 

Henderson ville ... 19 
Greenville, S. C. . 43 

Columbia 105 

Branchville SrCoLumbia 

Railroad. 
Branchville 1681527 

South Carolina RR. 
Charleston 1621589 

(490) Fr'm Knoxville 

to Raleigh. 
To Strawberry 

Plains 

Newmarket 

Panther Springs 
Cheek's X Roads. Ill 48 

Greenville 27 75 

Rheutown ]10 85 

Leesburg ilO 95 

Jonesboro' 5100 

Elizabethtown ... 18118 
Moore's Iron I 

Works '22140 

Taylorsville...! 9149 
Jefterson, N.C. ..1261175 

Wilkesboro' '30 205 

Hamptonville ....|26l231 



' 16 
9 25 
12 - 



Kingstori 119 40 



Hnntsville. 

Salem 

Greensboro' 

Haw River 

Hillsboro' 

Chapel Hill... 
Raleigh 



18249 
19 268 1 

27 295' 
23 318 
19 337 
12 349 

28 377 



(491) Fr'm Knoxville 

TO Cincinnati, O. 
ToBlain's><| R'ds 

Rntledge 

Beans' Station . . . 

Tazewell 

Cumberland Gap 
Cumberland Ford 15 

Barboursville 16 

Lynn Camp |12 109 

London 113122 

Mt. Vernon 19141 

Stanford 23 164 

Lancaster I 8 172 

Burnt Tavern 8 180 

Nicholasville 12192 

Lexington 112 204 

Cincinnati— t 

(see No. 478) ... 184 288 



(492) Fr'm Knoxville 
I TO Memphis, 
} Via JVashville. 
To Campbell's I ! 

I Station I 15 

Wood's Hill I 61 21 



Postoak Springs.. 

Belleville I 5 

Crossville 20 

Bonair Springs... jl2i 

Sparta | 6' 

Smithville 221 

Liberty 10122 

Alexandria 1 7 129 

Three Forks 18147 

Nashville 32 179 

Memphis— I I 

(see No. 483)... 230 409 

(493) Fr'm Knoxville 

TO HUNTSVILLE, Ala. 

To Campbell's 

Station 

Kingston 

Postoak Springs., 

Belleville 

Crossville 

Bonair Springs.., 

Sparta 

Rock Island 

iVIcMinnville 

Hillsboro' 

Winchester 

Salem 

Newmarket, Ala 
HUNTSVILLE 



90 I 
12 
22 I 



2U0 



(494) Fr'm Knox 
TO Savannah, 

To Campbell's 
Station. 


I'll 
Ga 

15 
5 

20 
10 
5 

I 

6 

18 

If 

20 
12 

8 

'? 

R 


.LE 

15 


Blains' Ferry 

Philadelphia 

Athens 

Mantua 

Calhoun. . 


55 


Cleveland 

Pleasant Valley, 
Ga.. 


81 
101 


Spring Place 

New Echota ... 
Cassville 


no 

128 
150 


Marietta . 


181 


Campbellton 

Barry ville 

Fayetteville 

York 

Griffin 

JMacon ^ Western 
Forsyth 1 


201 
213 
221 
236- 
243 
R. 


Macon 

Central Railroi 
Savannah 11 

(495) Fr'm Knoxi 
TO Charleston 
To Marietta— 

(see No. 494) . . . 
Atlanta 


25I293 

id. 

901483 

HLLE 
S.C. 

181 

23,204 



ROUTES IN TENNESSEE. 



187 



Georgia Railroad. 

Augusta I16513b'9 

S. Carolina Railroad. 
Charleston. . . I137l50tj 

(496) F'm Memphis to 
Nashville. 

ToRdleigh 

Morning Sun 13 

Oakliuul 12 

Whitehiill 5 

SOMERVILLE 5 

Newciistle 11 

Micldleburg 5 

Bolivar 7 

Jackson 28 

S. Carroll 20 

Huntingdon Iti 

Cunuien 

Revnoldsburg 

Waverly 

Charlotfe 

Nashville 



19 151 
10161 
9170 
221192 
38l230i 



(497) F'm Memphis to 

Columbus, Miss. 
To Gernmntown . ; 14 

Coliiersville 11 23 

Holly Springs, 
Miss 1281 53 



Wuterford I 9' 62 

Milton 5 67 

Cypress Creek 16 83 

Pontotoc |25 108 

Cotton-gin Port ..139147 

Aberdeen J2 159 

Columbus I28il87 



Florence, Ala. 




To Bolivar— 




(see No. 496) ... 


68 


Ruse Creek 


ti ;h) 


Purdy 


10100 


Adamsville 


9109 


Combs' Store 


4113 


Savannah 


4 117 


Young's X Roads 


33 1.^0 


Florence 


15165 


(499) F'm Memphis to 


Charleston, S 


.C. 


To Florence— 


1165 


(see No. 498)... 


Masonville 


91174 


Rogersville 


12186 


Athens 


23 209 


Shoiil Ford 


12 


221 


Huntsville 


13 


234 


Cobb's Store 


12 


24H 


Newhope 


10 


256 



i Cotton ville 

(,'laysville (opp. 
Gunter'sLM'g). 

Marshiill 

Van Buren 

Gulesville 

iBallplay 

i Missionary Stat'n, 

I Ga 

[Rome 

Cassville 

Canton 

Woodstock 

Marietta 



Atlanta 231431 

Georgia Railroad. 
Covington 



Madison. 

Greensboro' 

Union Point .... 
CrawfordvilJe ... 

Camac 

Berzelia 27 576 

Augusta 20 596 

Hamburg, S.C... I 1597 
South Carolina RR. 

Aiken 161613 

Blackville 30 643 

Branchville ,28 671 

Somerville 40i711 

Charleston .... I22i733 



DESCRIPTION OF THE WESTERN STATES, 



THE PRINCIPAL CITIES, TOWNS, WATERING- 
PLACES, &c. 




KENTUCKY is situated between 36« 30' and 39«> 

'♦. 10' N lat., and between 81" 50' and 89° 20 W. Ion, 

Its length is> about 400 miles and itfe breadth 170 miles, 

I containing 4U,5ou square miles. The population in 

1840. was 779,828. 

A tract from five to twenty miles wide, along the 

yjl Ohio river, through the whole length of the state, is 

^ , hilly and broken, but has a fertile soil. The margin of 

>W_^ the Ohio, for about a mile in width, consists of hot- 
,om lands, wliich are overflowed when the river is high. Between this 
tract of hilly country, the more mountainous eastern counties, and Green 
river, is a fertile tract, frequently denominated the garden of the state. 
It is about 150 miles long, and from 50 to 100 wide. The soil is excellent, 
the surface is gently undulating, and the forest growth black-walnut, 
black-cherry, buckeye, paw-paw, sugar-maple, mulberry, elm, ash, cot- 
ton-wood, while thorn, and an abundance of grape-vines. The country in 
the southwest part of the state, between Green and Cumberland rivers, ia 
called the "barrens." In 1800, the legislature of the state made a 
gratuitous grant of this tract to actual settlers, under the impression that 
it was of little value ; but it proves to be excellent grain land, and also 
adapted to the raising of cattle and swine. Tlie whole state below the 
mountains has at the usual depth of eight feet a bed of limestone, which 
has frequent apertures through which the waters of the rivers sink into the 
earth, causing some of them to disappear for a time, and others to be 
greatly diminished in the summer season. The rivers have generally worn 
deep channels in the calcareous rocks over which they flow. The preci- 
pices formed by the Kentucky are in many places stupendous, presenting 
perpendicular banks of solid limestone 300 feet high, above which is a 
Bteep and diflicult ascent several times as high. In the southwest part of 
tiie state, between Green and Cumberland rivers, are several remarkable 
caves. One called the Mamvioth Cave, 130 miles from Lexington, on 
the road to Nashville, has been explored for a distance of eight or ten 
miles. 

Ohio river, by its various windings, borders this state on the north for 
637 miles. Cumberland and Tennessee rivers pass through its western 



STATE OF KENTUCKY. 189 

part as they approach their entrance into the Ohio. Cumberland river 
rises in the eastern part of this state. The Big Sandy is 250 miles long, 
and, for a considerable distfince, forms tlie boundary between this state 
and Virginia. It is navigable fifty miles for boats. The Kentucky river 
rises in the Cumberland Mountains, and after a course generally through 
a deep rocky bed, falls into the Ohio, seventy-seven miles above Louis- 
ville. It is navigable for steamboats 60 miles to Frankfort. Licking, 
Green, and Salt, are other considerable rivers. The Mississippi runs on 
the western border of the state. 

The first constitution was fornned in 1790, and the present one in 1799. 
The governor is elected for four years by tlie people, and is ineligible for 
the next seven. A lieutenant-governor is chosen at the same time, who is. 
president of the senate, and who, in case of the death or absence of the 
governor, succeeds to his duties. The senators are elected for four years, 
one-quarter of them being chosen annually. Their number cannot ex- 
ceed 38, nor can they be less than 24. The representatives are chosen 
annually, and apportioned every four years among the counties according 
to the number of electors. Every free white male citizen, who is 
twenty-one years of age, and has resided two years in the state, 
or in the coun;y in which he offers his vote, one year preceding the 
election, has the right of suffrage. Votes are given openly, or viva voce, 
and not by ballot. The judges of the several courts hold^their offices 
during good behavior. 

The colleges are as follows : Transylvania University, at Lexington ; 
Centre College, at Danville ; St. Joseph's College, at Bardstown ; Au- 
gusta College, at Augusta; Cumberland College, at Lebanon; Georgetown 
College, at Georgetown ; Bacon College, at Harrodsburg ; and St. Mary's 
College, in Marion county. There is a flourishing medical department 
connected with Transylvania University, and a medical institution at 
Louisville. There are in the state 120 academies and 1,000 common schools, 

Kentucky was first explored by Daniel Boone, an enterprising hunter, in 
1770. The first white family settled near Lexington, in 1775. The state 
was admitted into the Union in 1792. 

Frankfort, the capital of the state, is 22 miles WNW. Lexington, 51 
E. Louisville, 102 SSW. Cincinnati, and situated on the right bank of 
Kentucky river, 60 miles above its entrance into Ohio river, on a semi- 
circular alluvial plain, from 150 to 200 feet lower than the table-land in 
the rear. The river is here about 80 yards wide, and after heavy rains 
frequently rises 60 feet. The city contains a state- house, with a hand- 
some Grecian Ionic portico in front, a court-house, the state penitentiary, 
a bank, an academy, a market-house, a theatre, five churches, various 
manufacturing establishments, and 2,000 inhabitants. The streets are 
regular, and the houses are neat, and many of them elegant. Steamboats 
of 300 tons come up to this place when the water is high. The banks of 
the river here are high, and a chain bridge crosses it to the flourishing 
village of South Frankfort, which may be regarded as on appendage. 
Cars leave daily for Lexington ; stages daily for Louisville ; 3 times a 
week for Harrodsburg ; and for Madison, la. 

Lexington is situated on a branch of Elkhorn river, 84 miles from Cin- 
cinnati. It is the oldest town in the state, and was formerly the capital, 
and is one of the neatest and best built places in the western states, is 
regularly laid out, and many of the streets are bordered with fine shade- 
trees, and its environs are ornamented with gardens and elegant resi- 
dences. There is a public square near the centre of the place, surrounded 




190 STATE OF KENTUCKY. 

by fine brick buildings. The city contains a court-house, a Masonic-haU, 
one of the finest buildings in the state, the State Lunatic Asylum, ten 

churches, two academies ^ 

the daliri of Transylvania '^^^WS^ff'y^^rf^^ram 
University, and 8,000 in- 
habitants. Transylvania 
University was founded in g^J^g; 
1798, and has a classical, 
medical, and law depart- 
ment. It has a president 
and 18 professors or oilier 
instructors, and 513 stu- 
dents. The classical department has 295 students, the law 78. and the 
medical 260; in all 513. The libraries contain 12,'242 volumes. The com- 
mencement is on the third Wednesday in August. The city is more 
celebrated for its intelligent and polished society, and as an elegant place 
of residence, than for the bustle of business. The country around the 
city is one of the most fertile districts in the Union. Cars leave daily for 
L-ouisviile via Frankfort. Stages leave daily for Wheeling, Va., via 
Maysville, and Zanesville, O. ; 3 times a week for Cincinnati ; for Knox- 
ville, Tenn., via Cumberland Gap; and for J^ashville, Tenn., via Har- 
rodsburg and Bowling Green. 

Covington is situated on the left bank of the Ohio, opposite to the 
city of Cincinnati, with which it is connected by a steamboat ferry. J 
It has a city-hall, 7 churches, 4 academies, a bunk, 26 tobacco manu- 
factories, and 4,000 inhabitants. The Western Baptist Theological Insti- 
tute is located here. Steamboats ply hourly to Cincinnati ; stages leave 
3 times a week fur Lexington. 

Newport is at the junction of the Ohio and Licking rivers, and opposite 
(he city of Cincinnati. It contains a court-house, an academy, two 
churches, a United States Arsenal, and 1,000 inhabitants. The Jllag- 
nesian Springs are on the borders of the village, where there is a fine hotel, 
and they are much frequented by the citizens of Cincinnati. 

Maysville is situated on the left bank of the Ohio river, on a narrow 
bottom, which lies between the shore and hills in its rear, 441 miles below 
Pittsburg, and 55 above Cincinnati by the river. It is refrularly laid out, 
and contains 3 churches, one academy, and 2,741 inhabitants. It has a 
good harbor for boats and enjoys an extensive trade. Steamboats arrive 
from, and depart daily for Pittsburg, fVheeling, <$-c. ; and for Cincinnati, 
J^ttuisville, ($-c. (See route 620.) Stages leave daily for J^eiington via 
Blue JAck Springs ; and for Zanesville, O. ; 3 times a week for Lexing- 
tun via Flemingsburg and Mount Sterling. 

Augusta, on the left bank of the Ohio, 17 miles below Maysville, has 
a court-house, two churches, and 800 inhabitants. Augusta College, 
under the direction of the Methodists, was chartered in 1822 ; ii has a presi- 
dent, 4 professors or other instructors, 75 students, and 2,500 volumes in its 
libraries. (See route 620.) 

The Blue Lick Springs are on the Licking river, 37 miles from Lexing- 
ton and 24 from Maysville. These waters have obtained a just celebrity, 
and the locality of the fountains is much frequented, not only for the 
benefit produced by the use of the waters, but for the enjoyment of the 
scenery of this beautiful region. Stages leave daily for Lexington and for 
Maysville. 

Georgetown is situated on the left bank of the Elkhorn river, 12 mile* 



STATE OF KENTUCKY, 



191 



from Lexington. It eontiiins a court-house, a bank, two churches, an 
academy, and 1,600 inhabitiiiUs. Georgetown College, under the direction 
of the Biiplists, was founded in 1829 ; it has a president, five professors, 132 
students, iind 3,200 volumes in its libraries. The commencement is on the 
last Thursday in June. 

Great Crossings is 3 miles from Georgetown, where is the Choctaw 
Academy, under the patronage of liie government. It has a principal 
and several teachers, and 70 Indian students. There is an excellent white 
sulpliur spring near the academy. Stages leave Georgetown three times a 
week for Cincinnati ; and for Lexington. 

Harrodsburg is situated eight miles south of Kentucky river, on a 
small branch of Salt river, thirty-one miles south of Frankfort. It was 
one of the earliest settlements in the state. It contains a Presbyterian 
and a Methodist church, a bank, an academy, and 1,500 inhabitants. 
Here is located Bacon College, founded in 1836, which has a president 
and seven professors or other instructors, 203 students, and 1,200 volumes 
in its libraries. The commencement is on the last Friday in September. 
The Harrodsburg Springs are much frequented ; the waters possess 
highly medicinal properties, and the accommodations for visitors are 
ample. Tlie grounds in the vicinity, and especially the drives through the 
primitive forest, are exceedingly picturesque. Stages leave daily in the 
watering season for Cincinnati via Lexington. 

Danville, situated on a small branch of Kentucky river, 41 milea 
from Frankfort, contains a court-house, four churches, the Kentucky 
Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb, tiie buildings of Centre College, two 
academies, and 1,500 inhabitants. Centre (IJollege, founded in 1822, has 
a president, 4 professors, 185 students, and 4,000 volumes in its libraries. 
The commencen)ent is on the Thursday after the third Wednesday in 
September. Stages leave 3 ti/nes a week fur Lexington. 

Bardstown is situated on a branch of Salt river, 40 miles southwest 
from Frankfort. It has a court-house, 2 churches, 1 academy, and l.-'iOO 
inhabitants. St. Joseph's College, in the vicinity, was founded in 1819. 
It has a president, ten professors, 69 students, and 7,000 volumes in its 
libraries. Stages leave 3 times a week for Lexington ; for Frankfort ; 
and for Louisville. 




Louisville is situated on the left bank of the Ohio river, at the head 
of the rapids, 633 miles below Pittsburg and 1,411 above New Orleans. 
It is built on a gentle acclivity, 75 feet above low-water mark, and regu- 
larly laid out, the streets crossing each other at right angles. It con- 
tains a city-hall, court-house, a marine hospital, a medical institute, city 
prison, an hospital, 2 orphan asylums, a Magdalen asylum, 26 churches, 
three banks, two savings banks, four insurance companies, four markets, 
a school for the blind, 18 public schools, 50 select schools, and 30,000 in- 
habitants. Water-works are in course of construction to supply whole- 
some water, and the city is lighted with gas. — This city is the seat of 
most of the commercial and manufacturing business of the state and con- 



192 STATE OF KENTUCKY. 

tiguous territory. There are 300 steamboats constantly engaged in trans- 
porting to and from tiie city, besides numerous flat and keel bouts. Tiie 
Louisville Medical Institute, founded in 1837, has six professors and 242 
students. The lectures commence on the first Monday in November. 
The Kentucky Historical Society lias a large collection of manuscripts 
and books. The Mercantile Library has a library of 3,500 volumes, and 
an Agricultural and Horticultural Society is established. — The rapids at 
this place are caused by a bed of limestone extending across the bed of the 
river, over which the waters pass in tortuous channels for a distance ot 
two miles, descending 24 feet; to obviate this bar to navigation, a canal 
lias been constructed sufficiently capacious to admit the passage of the 
largest boats. Steamboats arrive frum, and depart daily fm- Pittsburg via 
Cincinnati, Maiisvillt, Gwyandutte, Va., and fVheclins : for St. I^ouis, 
Mo. ; and for J\''ew Orleans via Smithlavd, Memphis, Tenn., Vicksburg, 
Src. (See route 620.) Stages leave daily for Maysville via Frankfort 
and Lexington ; for Cincinnati, O. ; for St. Louis via J^ew Albany, la., 
Vincennes, 6rc. ; and for JVashville, Tenn., ii,-c. 

The Drennon Lick Springs are about 25 miles north from Frankfort, 
and one mile from Kentucky river. The waters of the several springs 
differ in their properties, and have been found highly beneficial to persona 
using them. The accommodations are ample. Steamboats arrive from, 
and depart daily for Cincinnati, Louisville, and Frankfort. 

Cloverport is situated on the left bank of the Ohio river, 114 miles 
below Louisville. It has two churches, an academy, and 400 inhabitants. 
Four miles distant from Cloverport are the Sulphur and Tar Springs. 
There are here two commodious hotels and a number of cottages. The 
sulphur waters are said to equal the White Sulphur of Virginia in their 
medicinal properties, and the Tar water has been found most salutary in 
pulmonary complaints. Steamboats arrive from, and depart daily for 
Cincinnati and Louisville. 

Glasgow is pleasantly situated 123 miles southwest from Frankfort, 
on a small branch of Green river. It contains a court-house, 3 churches, 
an academy, and about 500 inhabitants. Stages leave 3 times a week for 
Lexington, and for JVashville, Tenn. 

BovvLiNR Green is situated on a branch of Green river, and at the 
head of steamboat navigation, 144 miles southwest from Frankfort. It 
contains a court-house, an academy, a female seminary, 5 churches, and 
1,500 inhabitants. Tobacco is largely exported. Stages leave for Mays- 
ville ; for Cincinnati ; for Louisville ; for Smithland ; for Columbus ; 
for Hickman; and for JVashville, Tenn. 

Smtthland is situated on the Ohio river, immediately below the mouth 
of Cumberland river, 447 miles by water below Cincinnati, and contains a 
court-house, 3 churches, an hospital, and about 1,000 inhabitants. Steam- 
boats arrive from, and depart daily for Cincinnati, fVheeling, ($-c. ; and 
forJVew Orleans, St. Louis, <S-c. (.See route 620.) Steambouts leave for 
JVashville ; stages 3 times a week forMaysville via BowlingGrcen and Lex- 
ington; and. also for JVashville, Tenn. 

Columbus is situated on the left bank of the Mississippi river, 18 miles 
below the entrance of tiie Ohio river, and has several extensive ware- 
houses, and about 800 inhabitants. Stages leave 3 times a week for Lex- 
ington via, Bowling Green, and for JVashville. 

IliCK.MAN is on the left bank of the Mississippi river, 15 miles below 
Columbus, and contains a court-house, 2 churches, and about 50U iuhabi 
turns. Stages leave 3 times a week for JVashville. 



STATE OF INDIANA. 



193 





^(.u.sm n... ...,,. ]>,£)! v^A lit'. beivMen 37>-^ 45' and 41" 5'2 N. lat. 

and lietween 84^ 4-i' and 87"^ 49' VV. Ion It has a 
mean length ot 'itiO, and a mean bre.idth ot 140 miles, 
(oiitaiiiins 31), (MM) square indes. The population in 
lf<40, was aH5,8(Ui. 

There are no nIOuntaln^ in thi-. state, but the country 
boidering on the Oliio is hilly. A range of hills runs 
p:irallel with the Ohio, from the mouth of the Great 
Minmi, to Blue river, niternately approaching to 
within a few rods, and receding to the distance of two miles. Below 
Blue river the hills cease, and there is an immense tract of level land, 
covered with a heavy growth of timber. Bordering on all the principal 
streams, except the Ohio, are strips of bottom and prairie land, from 
three to six miles in width. Remote from the rivers the country is broken, 
and the soil ligiit. Between the Wabash and Lake Michigan, the country 
is generally level, interspersed with woodlands, prairies, lakes, and swamps. 
On the shore of Lake Michigan are sand-hills 210 feet high, back of 
which are sandy hillocks, with a growth of pine. The prairies bordering 
on the Wabash have a soil from two to five feet in depth. 

The Ohio river washes the entire southern border of this state, and 
furnishes great facilities for trade. The Wabash is the largest river in the 
Btate, being 500 miles in length. It rises in Ohio, and passes westwardly 
and southwestwardly through the state, forming its western boundary for 
a distance of 120 miles. It is navigable for steamboats to La Fayette, 
300 miles, a part of the year. White river, 200 miles long, is its largest 
branch, and is navigable on its west fork for steamboats to Indianapolis, 
in seasons of floods. It consists of an east fork and a west fork, which 
unite about 30 miles above its junction with the Wabash. The White 
Water river runs in the eastern part of the state, and enters the Great 
Miami. Lake Michigan touches this state on the northwest. 

The governor is elected by the people for three years, and may be once 
re-elected. At every election of governor, a lieutenant-governor is elected, 
who is president of the senate, and discharges the duties of the governor, 
in case of his death, resignation, or removal. The senators and represen- 
tatives are apportioned among the counties according to the number of 
white male inhabitants over 21 years of age. There can never be fewer 
than .% nor over 100 representatives : and the number of senators can 
never be less than one-third, nor more than one-half the number of the repre- 
gent.itives. The representatives, and one-third of the senators, are elected 
annually by the people. The legislature meets annually in December, at 
Indianapolis. The judges of the supreme and circuit courts are appointed 
for the term of seven yciirs. The judges of the Supreme Court are ap- 
pointed by the governor, with the consent of the senate ; the chief justices 




194 STATE OF INDIANA. 

of the circuit courts by the legislature ; and the associate judges by the 
people. Tlie right of suffrage is enjoyed by all male citizens over 21 years 
of age, who have resided in the state the year preceding the election. 

The literary institutions are: Indiana University, at Bloomington; 
Hanover College, at South Hanover; Wabash College, at Crawfords- 
ville ; the Indiana Ashbury University ; the University of Notre-dame-du- 
lac, at South Bend ; Franklin College, at Franklin ; and St. Gabriel 
College. There are 60 academies and 1,600 common schools in the state, 

Indiana was admitted into the Union as an independent state in 1816. 

Indianapolis, the capital of the state, is situated on the left bank of 
the west fork of White river, at the head of steamboat navigation, and 122 
miles from Cincinnati. An elegant bridge crosses the river at this place. 
It was selected for the capital of the state while it was covered by a dense 
forest, and laid out in 1821. On a circular area, from which spacious 
streets diverge, stands the governor's house on a rise of ground in the 
centre. It is a handsome edifice. The State 
House is one of the most splejidid buildings 
in the west. It is 180 feet long by 80 feet 
^^' wide and 45 high, with an appropriate dome, 
r^ It is built after the model of the Parthenon 
■'v at Athens, with a portico on each front, 
S- having ten Doric columns, and has elegant 
V^ halls for the two houses of the legislature, a 
-^P court-room, and rotunda. The city con- 
' r^^ ^^ ^^ ^y^'. tains a court-house, the state prison, deaf 
and dumb asyium, lunatic asylum, ten churches, a female institute, a 
seminary, and 3,000 inhabitants. Stages in connection with railroad 
cars leave daily for Madison. Stages leave daily for Cincinnati ; for 
Wheeling, Va., via Dayton, O., Colunibmf, and Zanesville; and for St. 
Lonis via Tcrre Haute; 3 times a week for Cincinnati via Lawrence- 
burg ; for Vevay ; for J^Tew .Albany ; for Fredonia ; for Covington ; 
for La Fayette ; for South Bend via Logansport ; and for Fort Wayne 
via Muncie and Winchester. 

Lawrenceburg is beautifully situated on the right bank of the Ohio 
river, one mile below the entrance of the Great Miami river. It contains a 
court-house, 4 churches, a seminary, and 1,500 inhabitants. Stages leave 3 
times a week for Cincinnati, O. ; for Madison ; and for Indianapolis. 

Madison is situated on the north bank of Ohio river, 8!) miles below 
Cincinnati, by the river. The village is built on ground above the reach 
of the highest floods. The streets are regularly laid out, and several of 
them paved ; and it has a wharf for the landing of steamboats. It ia 
handsomely built, mostly of brick, and has a court-house, market-house, 
ten churches, a bank, with a neat edifice, a savings bank, and about 
4.000 inhabitants. In the rear of the village are hills 250 feet high, 
which afford a delightful prospect. Steamboats arrive frovi, and depart 
daily for Pittsburg and the intermediate places, and also for J^ew Orleans. 
Cars arrive from, and depart daily for Indianapolis ; stages leave three 
times a week for Frankfort, Ky. ; for Cincinnati ; and for Louisville. 

New Albany is situated on the right bank of the Ohio river, two miles 
below the foot of the falls, and 140 below Cincinnati. It is the largest 
place in the state, and contains a court-house, a bank, nine churches, a 
male and a female seminary, a lyceum, a theological college, 4 schools, 
and 4,500 inhabitants. The streets are regularly laid out, and are from 
70 to 100 feet wide. Here are extensive shipyards, where are built an- 



STATE OF INDIANA. 



195 




iiitl nitrogen gas. 



nually from ten to fifteen steamboats, besides sloops and schooners. 
Steamboats arrive from, and depart daily for the ports on the 0/iio and 
Mississippi rivers. (See route 620.) Stages leave dai.lp for St. Louis 
via Vincennes ; 3 tijites a week for Indianapolis ; and for Madison. 

Evans viLLE is situated on the right bank of Ohio river, at the great 
northern bend, 3:23 miles below Cincinnati by the river. It has an elevated 
situation, and contains a brick court-house, a bank, ten churches*, an 
academy, several extensive ^^^^'^^^^^^M^^^^. 
factories, and 2,500 inliabitants.|^^ 
The Pigeon Springs are one mile| 
west from Evansville. The water*! 

contain muriate of soda, bicarbon | 

ate of iron, bicarbonate of mag-=^=^^^ 
nesia, carbonic acid gas, carbureted hydrogen 

Tiiey are aperient, alterative, diaplioretic, and diuretic. The accommoda- 
tions are ample, and the vicinity affords much sport in fowling and fishing. 
Steamboats arrive from, and depart daily for all the principal places 
on the Ohio river. Stages leave 3 times a week for Vincennes. 

Bloomington is situated at the head of a small branch of White river, 
49 miles from Indianapohs. It contains a court-house, five churches, 
the buildings of the Indiana University, an academy, and 1,700 inhabi- 
tants. The Indiana University has a president, five professors, 174 stu- 
dents, and 2,000 volumes in its libraries. The commencement is on the 
last Wednesday in September Stages leave 3 tiines a week for In- 
dianapolis ; for JV( tt7 ALbanii ; for Terre Haute ; and for Crawfordsville. 

Vincennes lies on the letl bank of Wabash river, 197 miles from its 
entrance into the Ohio. It has a fertile prairie of several thousand acres 
on the north, east, and south. It is the oldest town in the state, having 
been established as a trading post by the French in 1730. It contains a 
brick court-house, a bank, a seminary, a female school, conducted by the 
Sisters of Charity, 6 churches, a public library of 1,600 volumes, and 
2,000 inh.abitants, one-fiftii of whom are of French descent. St. Gabriel's 
College was established in 1841, and has a president, five professors, and 
75 students. Steamboats ply on theriver. Stages leave daily for J\r. Albany ; 
and for St. Louis, Mo. ; 3 times a week to Ttrre Haute and to Evansville. 

Terre Haute is situated on beautiful high ground, on the left 
bank of the Wabash, 73 mdes west from Indianapolis. The National 
road here crosses the river on a fine bridge. The town contains a brick court- 
house, six churches, a bank, a market-house, a seminary, and 2,000 in- 
habitants. It is a flourishing place, and commands the trade of an ex- 
tensive and fertile country. Stages leave daily for Indianapolis ; for 
St. Louis ; for Shawneetown ; and for Danville, III. 

Crawfordsville is situated 
from Indianapolis. It contams, 
a court-house, 7 churches, the 
buildings of Wabash College, a 
seminary, and about 2,000 m 
habitants. Wabash College was 
founded in 183,5, and has a piesi 
dent, four professors, 128 stu 
dents, and 4,500 volumes in its 
libraries. Stages leave 3 timef 
a week for IvdiannpoHs ; and 



far Peoria ; twice a week for LatujjUte andf 




ute 524.) 



196 



STATE OF MICHIGAN. 



La Fayette lies on the left bank of the Wabash river, at the head of 
steamboat navigation, 310 miles from its mouth by the river. It contain* 
a court-house, a bank, an academy, 7 churches, and 2,000 inhabitants. 
The Wabasli and Erie canal connects this place with Lake Erie. Stages 
leave 3 times a week for Indianapolis ; and for Logansport. 

LoGANSPoRT is situated on Wabash river, at the junction of Eel river, 
7-2 miles from Indianapolis. It contains a court-house, an academy, seven 
churches, and about 2,000 inhabitants. A fine bridge here crosses the 
Wabash, and another Eel river. The Wabash and Erie canul passes 
through it, and it is well situated for manufacturing purposes, possessing 
a fine water-power. Stages leave 3 times a iceek fur Indianapolis ; three 
times for Miles via South Bend ; and for I^a Payette. 

Fort Wayne is beautifully situated on the south side of Maumee river, 
ft is incorporated as a city, and contains a court-house, five churches, 
four academies, and about 2,000 inhabitants. The Wabash canal con- 
nects it with Lake Erie, and it is surrounded by a rich and fertile country. 
Stages leave twice a week for Indianapolis and for South Bend. 

South Bend is pleasantly situated on a high blutF, on the south side of 
St. Joseph river, and has a great water-power. It is 137 miles north 
of Indianapolis, and contains a brick court house, four churches, and 
1,000 inhabitants. The University of Notre-dame-du-lac was established 
here in 1844, under the direction of tlie Roman Catholics. It has a 
president, several professors, and 05 students. Stages leave three times 
a week for Indianapolis ; for Detroit, Mich., and for Michigan City. 

MicHiQAN City is situated on the south shore of Lake Michigan, at 
the mouth of Trail creek, and was laid out in 1835. It is the only lake 
harbor in the state, and the location is well adapted for trade. It contains 
a bank, three churches, and about 700 inhabitants. Stages leave 3 times a 
week for JViles, Mich. ; f<rr South Bend; and for Chicago, III. 




ICHIGAN consists of two peninsulas, and con- 
-^J} tarns about 66,000 .squitre mile?. Its population in 1840 
F|^ was 212,267 ; in 1845, ,304,285. 
■yl-) The surface of the lower or southern peninsula is 

generally level, having few elevations which may be 
denominated hills. The interior is gently undulating, 
rising gradually from the lakes to the centre of the 
peninsula- This central region may be regarded as a. 
table- land, elevated about 300 feet above the level of 
the lakes, covered with fine forests of timber, oak plains, and beautiful 
prairies. Along the eastern shore of Lake Michigan, are sand-hills 
thrown up by the winds into fantastic forms, generally quite barren and 
nuked. The part lying between Lake Huron and Saginaw bay ia low 





STATE OF MICHIGAN. 19? 

and swampy. No part of the United States is better supplied with fish. 
aquatic fowl, and game. 

Of the northern peninsula, Mr. Schoolcraft says — "Portions of it are 
the mere development of sublime scenery, which pertains to that com- 
paratively elevated portion of the continent. Mountains and hikes, plains, 
rivers, and forests, spread over it with a boldness of outline which may be 
said to constitute almost a peculiar type of North American geography. This 
division embraces the mineral region. It is of little value for the uses of 
agriculture. The interior abounds in small lakes. On the shore of Lake 
Superior are several large bays and good harbors. Recent explorations 
Iiere, have discovered immense deposifes of rich copper ore. — On the 
southern shore of Lake Superior is a series of lofty bluffs, and isolated 
rocks, having the appearance of ruins, ^ 
tottering walls, and caverns. Im Chapelle,* 
or the Arched Rock, is a beautiful speci- 
men of this character, as are the Pictured 
Rocks, &.C. There are also several pic- 
turesque cascades. 

The southern peninsula of Michigan is 
drained by several large rivers, and numer-! 
ous smaller streams, which, rising in tin 
interior, puss olT in easterly, westerly, and'^ 
northerly directions into the lakes. Raisin and Huron rivers flow into 
Lake Erie; Rouge river, into Detroit strait; (Jlinton and Black rivers, 
into the strait of St. Clair. Saginaw river, formed by the junction of 
Titibawassce, Hare, Shiawassee, Flint, and Cass rivers, enters Saginaw 
bay. Thunder Bay and Cheboigan rivers, and some smaller streams, fall 
into Lake Huron. St. Joseph, Grand, Kalamazoo, and Maskegon rivers flow 
into Lake Michigan. Many small lakes of pure water, stocked with fish 
of fine quality, are found in the interior. Michigan lake is the largest 
wholly witliin the United States, being .360 miles long and 60 broad. 

Tfie governor and lieutenant-governor are chosen at the same time, for 
two years, by the people. The senators are chosen for two years, one- 
half of them annually, and their number must be one third that of the 
representatives. The representatives are chosen annually, and their 
number cannot be less than 48, nor more than 100, and are, with the 
eenators, apportioned among the counties according to the number of 
white inhabitants. The judges of the Supreme Court are appointed by 
the governor, with the advice and consent of the senate, for the term of 
seven years. Judges of inferior courts are elected by the people for four 
years. Every white male citizen over 21 years of age, who has resided 
six months next preceding an election in the town where his vote is offered, 
has the right of suffrage. The legislature meets annually at Detroit. 

The Michigan University, at Ann Arbor, has departments of literature, 
ecience, law, and medicine ; and has several academic branches situated 
in most of the principal towns in the state. St. Philip's College, near 
Detroit, is a Catholic institution. There are 25 academies and 1,000 com- 
mon schools. 

The French built a fort and made a settlement at Sault St. Marie in 
1647, and subsequently at Mackinaw. By the treaty of peace between 
Great Britain and France in 1763, this country came into the possession 
of the English. The post at Detroit was resigned to the United States 
by the English in 1790. In 1805 this state was erected into a distinct 
territory and in 1836 admitted into the Union. 



198 



STATE OF MICHIGAN. 




. ^f- 



j^?s«9i 



-=^^ 



DtiKOiT, tlip npitfil of tlif ^tnto, h ploi^antly -ituated on the nglit 
bank ot tlip Detroit htriit, >-e\(n mik^ below Lake St Clair and 18^ 
above tlie west end ot Lake Erie, and, by steamboat route, ^27 milea^ 
from Buffalo. The site is a plain 30 feet above the river, sloping gentljr. 
to the water, and the city extends for the distance of a mile along the^ 
stream and three fourths of a mile back. The streets are regularly laij 
out, though not all crossing at right angles, a part of them diverging from, 
a large area, and forming noble avenues 200 feet wide. There are severalj 
public squares, of whicli Campus Martius is the principal. The city con-i 
tains the State-house, from the dome of which a fine view is obtained o^ 
the city and vicinity, the City-hall, a market-house, 11 churches, foutj 
banks, a United States Land-office, 3 markets, a theatre, a museum, au 
public garden, government magazine. Masonic-hall, two orphan asylums,^ 
several literary and scientific societies, three female institutes of a high] 
order, and also several for boys, and 10,000 inhabitants. Detroit is amonffi 
the earlier settlements of North America, having been founded by tba, 
French from Canada, in 1G83. It is admirably situated for trade, and iS| 
becoming a great commercial emporium. The first steamboat arrived at, 
Detroit in August, 1818 ; now, numbers arrive and depart daily during,^ 
eight months of the year. Cars arrive from, and depart daily f(r^, 
Kalamazoo via Ann Arbor, Jackson, and JMarshall ; thence stages to Stti' 
Joseph's ; and also for Pontine ; thence stages to Saginaw. Stages leave, 
daily for Toledo, O. ; three times a loeek for Port Huron, and to Howell fj 
thence to Grand Rapids via Lyons. Stcimboats for Buffalo, J\r. Y., via^ 
Sandusky, O., Cleveland and Erie, Pa. ; for Chicago, III., via MackA 
inaw, Milwaukee, &c. (See routes 547 and .548.) 

Monroe is situated on the right bank of the Raisin river, two alid A 
half miles from its entrance into Lake Erie, and 37 miles from Detroit. 
It contains a court-house, two banks, a United States Land-office, sevea 
churches, a branch of the University of Michigan, two academies, a, 
reading room, and library of 1,500 volumes, several manufacturing es^ 
tablishments, and 2,000 inhabitants. Cars leave daily for Hillsdale^ 
via Adrian, thence stages to JN'iles ; stages daily for Toledo, O., and /of*' 
Detroit. 

Ann Arbor lies forty miles west from Detroit, on both sides of Huroi| 
river, which divides it into the upper and lower towns. It is regularl^ 
laid out on elevated ground, and contains a court-house, bank, .6 churches^ 
several mills, factories, &c., and 2,500 inhabitants. The University of 
Michigan, founded in 1837, has 3 professors, 75 students, 5,000 volumes io 
its libraries, and a choice museum, embracing the collections of the state 
geologists, &c. Cars arrive from, and depart daily for Detroit, and for 
Kalamazoo, &c. Stages leave 3 times a week for Howell. 

Ypsilanti is situated on both sides of Huron river, and contain* 
four churches, an academy, several mills and factories, and about 
1,500 inhabitants. The river here affords good water-power. Car* 



STATE OF MICHIGAN. Id9 

arrive from, and depart daily for Detroit, and for Kalamazoo, Stages 
leave daily for Jldrian. 

Adrian is prettily situated on the right bank of the Raisin river, 
67 miles from Detroit. It has a court-house, four churches, an acad- 
emy, several manufacturing establishments, and 2,500 inhabitants. Cars 
arrive from, and depart daily for Toledo, O. ; for Monroe, and for 
Hillsdale — thence stages to J^iles. Stages leave daily for Detroit via 
Ypsi/anti. 

Jackson is situated 79 miles west from Detroit, on the right bank of 
Grand river. The village contains a court-house, four churches, the 
state penitentiary, a branch of Michigan University, a seminary, and 
about 2,000 iuliabitants. There is a fall of eight feet in the river 
here, aifordins an extensive water-power, already employed in mills, 
factories, &c. Cars arrive from, and depart dail/j for Detroit, and 
for Kalamazoo. Stages leave three times a week for Jldrian and for 
Centreville. 

Marshal!, is pleasantly situated on the right bank of Kalamazoo 
river, at the confluence of Rice creek, 113 miles west from Detroit. It 
contains a court-house, four churches, a bank, an academy, several mills 
and factories, and 2,000 inhabitants. Cars arrive from, and depart 
daily for Detroit, and fur Kalamazoo. Stages leave 3 times a week for 
Centreville. 

Kalamazoo is situated on the left bank of Kalamazoo river, 146 miles 
west from Detroit, and contains a court-house, a bank, a United States 
Land-office, three churches, a branch of the University of Michigan, 
the Huron Literary Institute, and about 1,500 inliabitants. Cars arrive 
from, and depart daily for Detroit. Stages leave daily for St. Joseph's; 
three times a week for JV/lcs ; for Mottville ; and for Allegan. 

St. Joseph is situated on the left bank of St. Joseph's river, at its en- 
trance into Lake Michigan, 200 miles west from Detroit. It is one of the 
most important places on the west side of the state, has a good harbor, 
and commands a pleasant view of the lake. It contains a court-house, 3 
churches, a bank, and 700 inhabitants. Steamboats arrive from, and 
depart daily for Chicago. Stages leave daily in connection with railroad 
cars for Detroit. Stages leave daily for Chicago via Michigan City ; 
and three times a week for J^Tiles. 

Mackinac is situated on the southeast extremity of an island of the 
same name, and contains a court-house, two churches, a school of the 
American Board of Foreign Missions, a Roman Catholic missionary 
school, a branch of the University of Michigan, and 500 inhabitants. Fort 
Mackinac stands on a rocky eminence, 1.50 feet immediately above the 
village, which it commands. The harbor is safe and spacious, capable of 
accommodating 150 vessels. Over 3,000 barrels of trout and white-fish 
are annually exported, and it is tlie seat of an extensive fur-trade. (See 
route 203.) 

Grand Haven is situated on the left bank of Grand river, at its en 
trance into Lake Michigan. It is one of the best harbors on the east 
shore of the lake, and contains a court-house, two churches, an academjr 
and about 700 inhabitants. (See route 548.) 

Sault de St. Marie is situated on a pleasant elevation on the right 
bank of St. Mary's strait, at the foot of the rapids, and contains a court- 
house, 3 churciies. Fort Brady, the trading house of the American Fur 
Company, and about 1,000 inhabitants. Vessels come up to the foot of 
the rapids. 



200 



STATE OF ILLINOIS. 




Ff 



ILLINOIS )ie» betuetn JT-" and 4 J-" 30 .N lat., 
and between «7° 17' and 91° 50' W. Ion. It is 350 
miles long and 180 broiid, containing 50,000 square 
miles. Population in 1840, 476,183. 

The surface of tlie state is generally level. It has 
no mountains, though the northern and southern 
parts are hilly and broken. The portion of the state 
south of a line from the mouth of the Wabash to the 
mouth of the Kaskaskia, is generally covered with 
timber, but north of this the prairie country predominates. The eye 
sometimes wanders over immense plains covered with grass, with no 
other boundary of its vision but tlie distant horizon, though the view is 
often broken l)y occasional woodlands. The dry prairies are generally 
from 30 to 100 feet higher than the bottom-lands on the rivers, and very 
fertile. A range of bluffs commences on the margin of the Mississippi, a 
short distance above the mouth of the Ohio, and extends north beyond 
the Des Moines rapids, sometimes rising abruptly from the water's edge, 
but generally a few miles distant from it, leaving between the bluffs and 
the river a strip of alluvial formation of inexhaustible fertility. The 
banks of the Illinois and Kaskaskia, in some places, present sublime and 
picturesque scenery. 

The Illinois is the largest river in the state. Fox and Des Flames 
rivers, its two largest branches from the north, rise in Wisconsin, and, 
with Kankakee river from Indiana, form the Illinois, which, after a course 
of 400 miles, enters the Mississippi, twenty miles above the ftlissouri. It 
is navigable a distance of about 250 miles. Rock river rises in Wisconsin, 
and after a course of 300 miles, mostly in Illinois, empties into the Mis- 
sissippi. The Kaskaskia rises near the middle of the state, and after a 
southwesterly course of 250 miles, enters the Mississippi 63 miles below 
the Missouri. It is navigable for boats 150 miles. The Wabash forms a 
part of the east boundary. The Little Wabash, after a course of 130 
miles, enters the Wabash a little above its junction with the Ohio. 
Peoria lake, through which the Illinois river flows, about 150 miles 
from its mouth, is a beautiful sheet of water twenty miles long and two 
broad. 

The governor is elected by the people for four years, but is eligible only 
four years in eight. A lieutenant-governor is elected at the same time, 
who is president of the senate, and in case of the death, resignation, 
or absence of the governor, discharges his duties. The senators are 
elected for four, and the representatives for two years. The repre- 
sentatives can never be less than 27, nor more than 36, until the in- 
habitants exceed 100,000. The number of senators can never be leas 
than one-third, nor more than one-half the number of representative*. 
The judges of the Supreme Court are appointed by the joint-ballot of both 



STATE OF ILLINOIS. 



201 



houses of the legislature, and hold their offices during good behavior. 
The right of suffrage is universal. All white male inhabitants, 21 years of 
age, who have resided within the state six months preceding an election, 
have the right to vote. 

The literary institutions are: Illinois College, at Jacksonville, founded 
in 18-29; Shurtleff College, (Baptist,) in Upper Alton, in 1835; McKen- 
dree College, (Methodist,) inXebanon, in 1834; McDonough College, at 
Macomb, in 1837. There are in the state 50 academies and J ,300 common 
schools. 

Illinois was admitted into the Union as an independent state in 1818. 

Springfield, the capital of the state, is situated 95 miles from St. 
Louis, and near tiie centre of the state. It lies four miles south of 
Sangamon river, on the border of a rich and beautiful prairie. It was 
laid out in 182-2, and in 1823 contained but 30 families, living in log cabins. 
It now contains a state-house — an elegant edifice — a court-house, a 
market-house, a bank, a United States Land-otHce, eight churches, three 
high schools, several extensive manufactories, and 4,005 inhabitants. 
Cars leave daily for Mercclusia — thence, in stages to Qiiiiicy. Stages 
leave daily for St. Louis, and for Chicago via Peoria and Ottawa ; three 
times a week for La Fayette, la. ; for Tcrre Haute ; for Shawneetown 
via Vandalia and Salem ; fur Burlington, lo., via Rushville ; for Lewis- 
town ; and for Bloomington. 

Jacksonville is situated on elevated ground, in the midst of a delight- 
ful prairie, which is fertile and well cultivated, 33 miles from Springfield. 
It contains a spacious court-house, a market-house, a lyceum, a Me- 
chanics' Association, two academies, seven churches, several manufac- 
tories, and 2,500 
inhabitants. It is 
the seat of Illinois 
College, founded 
in 1829, which has; 
a president, and, 
in its academical^ 
and medical de- 
partments, 8 pro- 
fessors and 96 stu- 
dents. There are 2,500 volumes in its libraries, and it has a very com- 
plete philosophical and chemical apparatus. The commencement is on 
the last Thursday in June. Cars leave daily for Springfield and for 
Meredosia. 

Alton is situated on the left bank of Mississippi river, two miles above 
the mouth of Missouri river, 21 miles below the mouth of Illinois river, 
and twenty miles from St. Louis. It is regularly and handsomely laid 
out, and contains a bank, a lyceum. a Mechanics' Association, six 
churches, a number of schools, and about 2,000 inhabitants. As a com- 
mercial city its advantages are very great. It has the best landing for 
steamboats on the east bank of the Mississippi. A flat rock, level with 
the surface of the ground, forms an excellent natural wharf Timber, 
freestone, limestone, and bituminous coal exist in great abundance near 
the town. Steamboats ply to St. Louis and to all the principal ports 
on the Mississippi, Ohio, Illinois, and Missouri rivers. (See routes 
JSTos. 594, 620, 621, and 622.) Stages leave for Vincennes via Carlyle ; 
and for .lacksonville. 

Kaskaskia is situated on the right bank of Kaskaskia river, 142 miles 
9* 




ISs3£'5sjLjv- 



202 STATE OF lLLIx\OIS. 

from Springfield, and seven from its junction with the Mississippi. It has 
a court-house, a United States Land- office, a churcli, a nunnery and 
female boarding-school, and 1,000 inhabitants. It was settled by the 
French about lt)83, and its inhabitants are now mostly of French descent. 
(See route 621.) Stages leave for St. Louis, Mo., and for Vincennes, 
la., via Salem. 

Sha.\vneeto\vn is situated on the right bank of Ohio river, ten miles 
below the mouth of the Wabash river, and 195 from Springfield. The 
bank of the river has a gradual ascent, but not sufficient to prevent inun- 
dation in extreme liigh floods. The town has a bank, a United States Land- 
office, two churches, and 1,000 inliabitants. It was laid out in 1814, and 
is one of the most commercial places in southern Illinois. Stages leave 3 
times a week for Vincennes, la. ; for Springfield via Salein ; for St. 
Louis, Mo. ; and for Cape Girardeau. 

Vandalia, formerly the capital of the state, is situated on the right 
bank of Kaskaskia river. It is regularly laid out, with streets crossing 
each other at right angles. It contains a court-house, a United Slates 
Land-office, two churches, several manufacturing establishments, and 
800 inhabitants. The national road extends to this place. Stages leave 
daily for St. Louis, Mo., and for Terre Haute, la.; 3 times a week for 
Springfield ; and also for Shawneetown. 

Peoria is beautifully situated on the right bank of Illinois river, at the 
outlet of Peoria lake, and 70 miles from Springfield. The fir^t bank of 
the river gradually rises from six to twelve feet above high-water mark, 
and extends back a quarter of a mile from the river to the second bank, 
where it rises five or six feet, forming a terrace extending back to the 
bluflTs, which are from 60 to 100 feet high, by a steep ascent, and present 
from their summit an extensive and beautiful prospect. The town con- 
tains a court-house, an academy, six churches, several factories, and 
1,500 inhabitants. Stages leave daily for Chicago via Ottawa ; and also 
for St. Louis via Springfield ; three times a week for Burlington, lo. ; 
for Galena via Dixon ; for Madison, fVis. ; and for Indianapolis. 
Steamboats on the Illinois river. (See route 504.) 




Chicago is situated on the SW. shore of Lake Michigan, at the head 
of lake navigation. The city is built on a level prairie, handsomely ele- 
vated above the water, and lies on both sides of Chicago river, between 
the junction of the north and south branches, and three-fourths of a mile 
from its entrance into the lake. By the construction of piers, an 
artificial harbor has been made at the mouth of the river. The city con- 
tains the county buildings, a United States Land-office, eight churches, 
an academy, and 11,000 inliabitants. Back of the town, for three or fovtf 
miles, is a fine, elevated, and fertile prairie, and to the north, along the 
lake shore, are exten-iive bodies of fine timber. Numerous steamboats 
and vessels ply between this place and Buffalo, and the intermediate 



STATE OF MISSOURI. 



203 



places on the upper lakes. It i3 admirably situated for trade, and the 
rapidity of its growtli is unparalleled. Stenmhoatti run to Buffalo, JST. Y., 
and the intermediate places. (See route 203.) Stages leave daily for St. 
Louis via Joliet, Ottaica, Peoria, and Springfield ; for Galena ; also in 
icinter for Detroit, Mich. ; 3 times a week for Galena via Dixon; for 
Milwaukee, 6,-c. 

Galena is pleasantly situated on Feve or Bean river, 158 miles from 
Chicago, and is the metropolis of the great lead-region. It is si,\ miles 
above the mouth of the river, which is navigable to this place at all stages 
of the water for the largest steamboats. The town contains 5 churches, 
an academy, and about 2,000 inhabitants. It was tirst .settled in 1826. 
In 1841, 22,000,000 pounds of lead were produced in its vicinity, and the 
manufacture of copper is also growing into importance here. Stages 
leave dailt/ for Chicago ; 3 times a week for Springfield via Dixon and 
Peoria ; for Rock Island City ; for Madison, Wis. ; for Prairie du 
Chien; and for Dubuque, lo. 

Rock Island City, situated on the left bank of the Mississippi river, 
just above the entrance of Rock river, contains a court-house, 2 churches, 
and about 1,000 inhabitants. Stages leave 3 times a week for Peoria; 
for Dixon ; for Iowa City ; and for Dubuque, 




MISSOURI is situated between 36° and 40° 36' N. 
lat , and between 89'^ and 93= 30' W. Ion. It is 287 
mile>. long, and 230 broad, containing 64,000 square 
mdes,. In 1840 the population was 383,702. 

This state presents a great variety of surface and 
soil Alluvial or bottom land is found on the margin 
of the rivers ; receding from them the land rises, in 
some places gently, and in others very abruptly, into 
elevated barrens or rocky ridges. In the interior, bot- 
tom>. and barren'^, n iktd hills and prairies, heavy forests and streams of 
waiec, iiiaj ulte.i be bccU at one view, presenting a diversified and beau- 
tiful landscape. The southeast part of the state has a very extensive 
tract of low marshy country, abounding in lakes, and liable to inunda- 
tion. Back of this, a hilly country extends as far as the Osage river. 
This section is rich in minerals. The lead-region covers an area of more 
than 3,000 square miles. In St. Francis county is the celebrated " Iron 
Mountain," elevated ."^00 feet above the surrounding plain, and is a mile 
and a half across its summit, and has 80 per cent of its mass pure iron. Five 
miles distant is the Pilot Knob, 300 feet high, and with a base a mile and a 
half in circumference, of the same species of rich ore. Between the Osage 



204 STATE OF MISSOURI. 

and Missouri rivers, is a tract of country very fertile and agreeably diver- 
sified with woodland and prairie, and abounding with coal, salt, &c. 
The country north of the Missouri is emphatically "the garden of the 
West." There is no part of the world where a greater extent of country 
can be traversed more easily, when in its natural state. The surface 
for the most part delightfully undulating, and variegated, sometimes 
rising into picturesque hills, then stretching away into a sea of prairie, oc- 
casionally interspersed with shady groves and shining streams. 

The Mississippi winds along the entire eastern boundary of the state, for 
a distance of 400 miles, and receives in its course the waters of the Great 
Missouri, which, indeed, deserves to be regarded as the main stream. 
Through the central and richest part of the state, the Missouri rolls its im- 
mense volume of water, being navigable four or five months of the year 
for steamboats, 1,800 miles from its entrance into the Mississippi. The 
La Mine, Osage, and Gasconade on the south, and the Grand and 
Chariton on the north side, are navigable tributaries of the Missouri. 
Maramec river runs through the mineral district, is a navigable stream, 
and enters the Mississippi eighteen miles below St. Louis. Salt river, 
which is also navigable, enters the Mississippi 85 miles above the Mis- 
souri. The White and St. Francis drain the southeast, and the tributaries 
of Neosho, the southwest part of the state. 

The constitution of the state was formed in 1820. The governor 
is elected by the people for four years, but is ineligible for the next suc- 
ceeding four years. A lieutenant-governor is chosen at the same time, 
and for the same term, who is president of the senate. Every county is 
entitled to send one representative, but the whole number can never 
exceed 100. The senators are elected every four years, one-half retiring 
every second year; and their number can never be less than 14, nor more 
than 33, chosen by districts, and apportioned according to the number of 
free white inhabitants. The elections for senators and representatives are 
held biennially in August. The legislature meets once in two years in the 
month of November, at Jefferson City. Every white male citizen over 
21 years of age, who has resided one year in the state, and three months 
in the county in which he offers his vote, has the right of suffrage. The 
judges of the Supreme Court and the chancellor are appointed by the gov- 
enor, with the consent of the senate, and hold their offices during good 
behavior, or until 65 years of age. 

The literary institutions are as follows : The University of St. Louis, at 
St. Louis ; St. Mary's College, at Cape Girardeau ; Kemper College, near 
St. Louis; Masonic College, near Palmyra ; Missouri University, at Co- 
lumbia ; St. Charles College, at St. Charles; and Fayette College, at 
Fayette. There are in the state 50 academies and 650 schools. 

Missouri was originally a part of Louisiana, which was purchased from i 
France in 1803. It was admitted into the Union as an independent i 
Btate in 1821. 

Jefferson City, the capital of the state, is situated on the right bank l 
of Missouri river, on elevated and uneven ground, 128 miles from St. , 
Louis. It contains a state house, a governor's house, which is large and I 
elegant, a state penitentiary, an academy, 250 dwellings, and about 1,500 il 
inhabitants. Stages leave daily for St. Lmiis ; three times a week for ' 
Caledonia ; for Springfield via Warsaio ; for Independence via Booneville, I 
Lexington, Sec. (For steamboat routes, see 620.) 



STATE OF MISSOURI. 



205 





the junction of the Missouri. 



St, Louis is situated on the right 
bank of the Mississippi, 18 miles below 
It is in 38" 37' 28" N. kit., and 90° 15' 39" 
W. loH. Population in 1845, 35,000. — Its situation is pleasant and 
healthy ; standing on a limestone bluff. The ground rises gradually from 
the first to the second bank of the river: and on the second bank, which 
is about forty feet higher than the first, the city is chiefly built. Viewed 
from the opposite shore, or as it is npproaclied from the river, it presents 
a beautiful appearance. The compact part of the city extends about one 
and a half miles along the river, with suburbs to the north and east, 
making its whole extent five miles. It is elegantly built, the more recent 
houses being constructed of brick, others of stone, and some have 
spacious and beautiful gardens attached to them. 

Among the public buildings, the City-hall and the Catholic Cathe- 
dral are the most noticeable. The Cathedral is one hundred and 
thirty-six feet long and eighty-four wide, with walls forty feet high. The 
front is 58 feet high, and rising above this is a tower with a spire terminating 
in a gilt cross. The steeple contains a peal of six bells, the largest of 
2,600 pounds weight. There are also in the city a United States Land- 
oflice, an elegant theatre, a concert-hall, a bank, six insurance com- 
panies, and a United States Arsenal. 

There are several literary and benevolent institutions in the city. 
The St. Louis Uni.versitii, _ _^_ 

under the direction of the ^i= 
Roman Catholics, has 15 ggf^'- 
instructors, 130 students, and ^^' 
7,900 volumes in its libraries. 
It has a spacious building in 
the city. The commence- 
ment is on the 15th of July. 
Kemper College, which is 
under the direction of the 
Episcopalians, is five miles distant from the city, on a beautiful emmence ; 
the buildings are of brick. The principal edifice is a building 70 feet long 
and four stories high, with wings of equal length, three stories high. It 
has nine professors or other instructors, and about 4,000 volumes in its 
libraries. The commencement is on the last Thursday of July. It has a 
medical department, and a building within the city where lectures are 
delivered during the winter. There are two medical schools, the one 
attached to the St. Louis University, the other to the State University; 
the former has 5(5, the latter 80 pupils. Lectures in both these schools 
commence on the first Monday of November and terminate on the last of 
February. They have spacious buildings for lecture-rooms, laboratories, 
&i.c. The Western Academy of Sciences has an extensive museum of 




206 STATE OF MISSOURI. 

natural history and mineralogy. There is also a museum of Indian 
curiosities, antiquities, fossil remains, &c. The Convent of the Sacred 
Heart is an institution of nuns, for conducting female education. The 
Protestant ladies conduct an orplian asylum, and tiiere are three orphan 
asylums conducted by Roman Catholics. A female asylum is attached 
to the Convent of the Sacred Heart The Jefferson Barracks are eleven 
miles below the city. In the north part of the city there are two tumuli, 
or mounds, on the lower of which the city has constructed a reservoir, 
into which water is raised by steam-power from the river, and conveyed 
through iron pipes, affording a supply to the citizens. 

The city was first settled in 1664, by a company of merchant traders. 
It is most favorably situated for commerce, and is destined to be one of 
the principal cities of the west. Steamboats arrive from, and depart daily 
for Louisville, Cincinnati, Wheeling, Pittsburg, &rc., on the Ohio river ; 
JVew Orleans and the intermediate places on the Lower Mississippi ; Fort 
Snelling and the intermediate places on the Upper Mississippi; and 
a/so the principal places on the Missouri river. (See routes 6-0 — 622.) 
Stages arrive from, and depart daily for Cincinnati via Terre Haute, 
Indianapolis, &c. ; fur Louisville via Vinceiines, J^ew Albany, (ire. ; 
for Chicago via Springfield, Peoria, Ottawa, S,-c. ; for Fort Leaven- 
worth via St. Charles, Columbia, Glasgow, and Liberty ; 3 times a weik 
for Shawneetown, III.; for Little Rock, Jirk., via Caledonia, 6fc. ; for 
JVew Madrid via Cape Girardeau ; for Independence via Jefferson City, 
Booneville, Lexington, S,-c. ; for Burlington, lo., via St. Charles, 
Bowling Green, Palmyra, &rc. ; for Van Buren, Ark., via Caledonia, 
Steeleville, Springfield, and Fayetteville, Ark. 

St. Charlks lies twenty miles northwest from St. Louis. It is built 
on an elevated and handsome situation on the left bank of Missouri river. 
The shore is here rocky, the alluvial land commencing at the lower end 
of the town. The town extends one and a half miles along the river, and 
contains a court-house, a brick market-house, two churches, a nunnery, 
and about 1,500 inhabitants. St. Charles College, under the direction of 
the Methodists, is located here. It was founded in 1839, and has a presi- 
dent, three professors, and about 104 students. The Missouri river is 
here crossed by a ferry. Stages leave daily for St. Louis and for 
Jefferson City ; three times a week for Burlington, lo., via JVeio London, 
Palmyra, &,c. 

Palmyra lies eight miles from Missouri river, and 129 miles from St. 
Louis. It contains a court-house, three handsome brick churches, a 
United States Land-office, and above 800 inhabitants. Masonic College, 
twelve miles from Palmyra, was foimded in 1831. It has a president, four 
professors, and 45 students. The commencement is on the last Thursday 
in September. Stages leave three times a week for St. Louis, and for 
Burlington, lo. 

Fulton is situated on Riviere au Vases, 12 miles north of Missouri 
river, and twenty-two miles northeast from Jefferson City. It contains 
a court-house, two churches, two academies, and 500 inhabitants. Stages 
leave daily for St. Louis ; for Fort Leavenworth ; and for Jefferson City. 

Columbia, situated on a tributary of Missouri river, contains a court- 
house and about 1,000 inhabitants. It is the seat of Missouri University, 
founded in 1840, which has a president, 3 professors, and 45 students. 
Stages leave daily for St. Louis. 

Booneville is situated on the right bank of Missouri river, 173 miles 
from St. Louis. Its foundation is limestone rock. It has a hand- 



STATE OF MISSOURI. 207 

some court-house, three churches, two academies, and 1,200 inhabitants. 
Considerable trade is carried on here in cattle and provisions. (See steam- 
boat route 622.) Stages leave 3 times a week for Jefferson City ; for In- 
dependence ; and for Columbia. 

Glasgow, situated on the left bank of the Missouri river, 172 miles 
from Sr. Louis, has two churches, several extensive warehouses, and 800 
inhabitants. Stages leave daily fur St. Louis ; and for Fort Leaven- 
worth ; 3 times a week for Hannibal. (See route 622.) 

Independence, six miles south of Missouri river and 292 from 
St. Louis, is a flourishing place, and the starting point for the Santa 
Fe traders, who obtain here many of their supplies. It has a court- 
house and about 500 inliabitants. Stages leave three times a week for 
St. Louis via Booneville, Jefferson City, (S-c. (See routes 618 and 622.) 

Liberty is situated three miles from the left bank of the Missouri river, 
and 276 from St. Louis. It contains a court- house, five cliurches, 
two academies, and 1,500 inhabitants. Stages leave daily for St. Louis 
via Glasgow, Columbia, Fulton, £,-c. ; and for Fort Leavenworth ; three 
times a week for St. .Joseph. (See steamboat route 622.) 

St. Joseph, situated on the left bank of the Missouri river, 478 miles 
from St. Louis, has several extensive warehouses and about 1,000 inhabi- 
tants. (See steamboat route 622.) Stages leave three times a week 
for Liberty. 

Springfield is situated on the head branches of James' fork of White 
river, 258 miles from St. Louis. It contains a court-house, a United 
States Land-otiice, 2 churches, and 500 inhabitants. Stages leave 3 times 
a week for Jefferson City ; for St. Louis via Caledonia ; and for Van 
Bur en, Jirk. 

Cape Girardeau is situated on the right bank of the Mississippi river, 
132 miles by the river below St. liouis. It contains about 500 inhabitants. 
It is the seat of St. Mary's College, founded in 1830, which has a 
president, five professors or other instructors, and 2,500 volumes in its 
library. The commencement is on the last Thursday in August. Stages 
leave 3 times a week for .Jefferson City via Fredericktown, Caledonia, and 
Sleeleville ; and for J^ew Madrid. (See route 621.) 

New Madrid is situated on the right bank of the Mississippi river, 247 
miles below St. Louis. The river here makes a bend, and its bank ig 
somewhat elevated, but is being undermined by the current. It contains 
a court-house, a church, and 500 inhabitants. (See steamboat route 
020.) Stages leave three times a week for Cape Girardeau. 

Hannibal, 116 miles north from St. Louis, is situated on the right bank 
of the Mississippi river. It contains a church, several extensive ware, 
houses and manufacturing establishments, and 800 inhabitants. Stages 
leave three times a week for St. Louis ; for Burlington, lo. ; and for 
Glasgow. (See route 621.) 

PoTOSi, 67 miles from St. Louis, is situated in the centre of one of the 
richest mineral regions in the United States, abounding with lead, iron, 
and copper ores. It has a court-house, an academy, 4 churches, and 700 
inhabitants. Stages leave 3 times a week for St. Louis ; for Jefferson 
City ; and for Cope Girardeau. 

Le.xington is situated on the right bank of the Missouri river. 124 miles 
from Jefferson City. It contains a court-house, a United States Land- 
office, 3 churches, an academy, and 1,000 inhabitants. Stages leave ihrrt 
times a week for St. Louis via Jefferson City ; and also for Indc- 
pendente. 



208 



WTSCONSIV 




ykki^ 




WISCONSIN lies between 42" 30' and 49" 30' N. 
lat , and between 86° 50' and 90'= W Ion , btmg 600 
miles long and 150 broad. It contains about 90,000 
square miles. Its population in 1840 was 30,945 ; in 1845, 
15(1,000. 

Tlie surveyed part, south of Green bay. Fox, and 
Wisconsin rivers, is composed of timbered and prairie- 
lands, with some swamps and wet prairies, having a 
vegetable soil from one to ten feet deep. North of the 
Wisconsin river commences a hilly region, swelling as it proceeds north 
into a mountainous country, with a rugged and broken surface, creating 
many rapids and falls in the streams, and affording many wild and 
picturesque views. Near the sources of the Mississippi is an elevated 
table-land abounding with lakes and swamps; in the former of which fish 
are abundant, while wild rice grows in the latter. Bordering on the Mis- 
sissippi and Wisconsin rivers, the soil is rich and the land generally 
heavily timbered. — The principal rivers are the Mississippi, washing ita 
western border; tiie Wisconsin, 500 miles long, a large tributary of the 
Mississippi ; the Chippeway, which enters the Mississippi further north- 
west, and is a large river ; Rock river, which rises and runs partly in this 
state ; Neenah or Fox river, which runs so near the Wisconsin, that at 
times of high water the country between them is often overflowed and can 
be passed in boats. The Neenah passes through Lake Winnebago, and 
enters Green bay ; though obstructed by rapids, it is navigable for boats 180 
miles. 

Wisconsin was organized as a territorial government in 1836. The 
governor is appointed by the president of the United States, with the ad- 
vice and consent of the senate, and is ex-otficio superintendent of Indian 
affairs. The Legislative Assembly consists of a council of 13 members, 
elected for four years, and a house of representatives of 26 members, 
elected for two years. 

No college has been established in this territory. It has several acad> 
emies and 100 common schools. 

Madison, the capital, is 159 miles from Chicago, and beautifully situa. 
ted on a peninsula between two lakes, on a gentle swell of ground fiom 
which therje is a regular descent each way to the water. It is regularly 
laid out, with a large central square, in the centre of which is the State 
House, a spacious stone edifice with a handsome dome Thelown has 
several places of worship and 500 inhabitants. Stages leave three timts a 
week fur Milwaukee ; for Rockford, III. ; for Galena ; and for Fort 
fVinnebago. 

Milwaukee is situated on both sides of Milwaukee river, near its en- 
trance into Lake Michigan, 97 miles from Chicago. It contains & 



STATE OF IOWA. 



209 



court-house, a tTiiited States Land-office, eight churches, and 7,500 in- 
habitiints. It is a flourishing place, has an extensive water-power, and 
is rapidly growing into commercial importance. Steamboats ply con- 
stantly between it and Chicago, Buffalo, and the intermediate places. 
(See route 548.) Stages leave 3 times a week for Chicago, III., and for 



Prairie du Chien is situated on the east banic of Mississippi river, 
four miles above the mouth of Wisconsin river and 248 miles below 
the falls of St. Anthony. The prairie is ten miles long and three wide. 
The village contains a court-house, three churches, an academy, and 
about 2,000 inhabitants. Numerous mounds of all sizes and shapes are 
to be found in the vicinity. Fort Crawford, a United States military post, 
is situated a little south of the village. (For steamboat route see 621.) 
Stages leave 3 times a week for Galena. 




IOWA is situated between 40^^ 30' and 43^ 30' x\. lat., 
and between OO" 20'and •IC 50' W. Ion. It is about 
'250 miles lone, and its mean breadth 198 miles con- 
t.unmg 50,600 square miles. Population in 1844, 
78,819. 

The face of the country is moderately uneven, with- 
out any mountains or high hills. There is a tract of 
I elevated table-land, which extends through a con- 

siderable part of the territory, dividing the waters 
which fall into the Mississippi, from those which fall into the Missouri. 
The margins of the rivers and creeks, extending back from one to ten 
miles, are generally covered with timber, while beyond this the country is 
an open prairie without trees : by the frequent alternations of these two 
descriptions of land, the country is greatly diversified. The prairies 
cover nearly three-fourths of the surface of the territory, and, although 
they lire destitute of trees, present a great variety of aspect. Some have 
a level and others a rolling surface ; some are covered with a rich coat of 
grass, well suited for grazing ; in others this is interspersed with hazel 
thickets, and sassafras shrubs, and in season superbly decorated with 
flowers. Tiie soil, both on the bottom and prairie land, is generally good, 
consisting of a deep black mould, intermingled, in tlie prairies, with sandy 
loam, and sometimes with red clay and gravel. 

The Mississippi borders this territory for its whole length on the east, 
and is navigable in time of high water for steamboats to the mouth of the 
St. Peter's. The Des Moines river runs in the southern part of the territory, 
and. forming a part of llie southwest boundary, enters the Mississippi. 
In high water it is navigable for steamboats 100 miles, and for keel-boats 



210 STATE OF IOWA. 

at all times. Checauque or Skunk river, after a course of 150 miles, enters 
the Mississippi. Iowa river is 300 miles long, and is navigable for steam- 
boats 12 miles from its entrance into the Mississippi, and for keel-boats to 
Iowa city. Red Cedar river, the main branch of Iowa, is navigable for 
keel-boats, in high water, 100 miles above its junction. The Wiipsipinecon 
has a winding and rapid course 200 miles, to its entrance into the Mis- 
sissippi. The Makoqueta bounds the mineral region on the south, and 
enters the Mississippi, furnishing in its course the best water-power in tiie 
territory. Turkey river, after a course of 1.50 miles, enters the Mis- 
sissippi. It is not navigable. Sioux river enters the Missouri, and forms 
part of the west boundary. 

The governor is elected for four years. He must be a citizen of the 
United State:^ and have resided for two years next preceding his election 
within the state, and have attained the age of 30 years. The legislative 
authority is vested in a senate and house of representatives which meet 
biennially on the first Monday in January. Representatives are chosen for 2 
years; they must be free white citizens of theUnited States, and have attained 
the age of 21 years, — have resided within the state one year next preceding 
the election, and thirty days within the county or district for which they 
may be elected. Senators are chosen for four years, at the same time 
of electing represet)tatives. They must be 25 years of age, and possess 
the quiilifications of representatives. The judicial power is vested in a 
supreme court, district courts, and such other inferior courts as the 
legislature may establish. Judges of the Supreme Court are elected by 
the legislature, and hfild their office for six years.— Every white male 
citizen of the United States, 21 years of age, who shall have resided 
within the state six months next preceding the election, and 20 days in the 
county in which he claims to vote, enjoys the right of suffrage. 

The University of Iowa, at Mount Pleasant, in Henry county, has been 
chartered. Seven academies have been incorporated, and there are about 
100 common schools. 

Iowa City, the capital of tlie state, is situated thirty-one miles from 
Bloomington, on the left bank of Iowa river, which is navigable to 
this place. The situation is dry and pleasant. It contains a state-house, 
court-house, several churches, and about 1,000 inhabitants. The Capitol 
is of the Grecian Doric order of architecture, and has a dome supported 
by 22 Corinthirm columns. Stages leave 3 times a week for Burlington ; 
and for Rock Island, III. 

Burlington is handsomely situated on the right bank of the Mis- 
sissippi river, 222 miles above St. Louis. It is surrounded by hills, to 
which the ground rises by a gentle acclivity. It is regularly laid out, and 
has a court-house, several commodious churches, a United States Land- 
office, and about 2,000 inhabitants. Stages leave 3 times a week for St. 
Louis; and for Duhuqne via Bloomington. Steamboats ply to all the 
principal places on the Mississippi river. (See route 621.) 

Dubuque is situated on the right bank of Mississippi river, 426 
miles above St. Louis, and 306 below the Falls of St. Anthony. It 
is built on a table area, or terrace, which extends along the river for 
several miles. It contains a United States Land-office, five churches, 
a bank, an academy, a lyceum, and 1,500 inhabitants. Lead ore is 
found in abundance here, and for miles around on every side. Steam- 
boats ply to all the principal places on the Mississippi. (See route 621.) 
Stages leave 3 times a week for Galena ; and for Burlington via Daven- 
port and Bloomington. 



RAILROAD, STAGE, AND STEAMBOAT ROUTES, 

THROUGH 

THE WESTERN STATES. 



(500) Fr'm Lexington 
TO Knoxvillk. I 

To Nicholiisville . | 12 
Burnt Tavern .... 121 24 

Lancaster 8 32 

ytanford 8 40 

Mt. Vernon 23! 63 

Li.ndon 19 82 

Lynn Camp 13 95 

Barboursville 12107 

Cumberland Ford 16 123 
Cumberland Gap\bVi& 

Tazewell 12150 

Beans' Station ... 12 162 

Rutledge I 9171 

Blain's><l Roads.. 14 185 
Knoxvillk 19 204 

(501) Fr'm Lexington 
TO Wheeling, 

To Moreland 

Paris 

Millersburg 

Forest Retreat 

Lower Blue Lick. 

May's Lick 

Washington 

ISIaysville 

Aberdeen, 



West Union 17 



var', 


I 


8 


7 


15 


s 


23 


6 


29 


8 


37 


12 


49 


8 


i^l 


4 


61 


1 


62 


17 


79 



10 89 
6 95 
6101 

llOlll 



Dunbarton 
Locust Grove . , 
Sinking Spring, 

Cyiithiuna 

Bainbridsre I 5116 

Bourneviile 11 127 

Chillicothe 13 140 

101.50 
9159 
16 175 
9184 
8192 
10 202 
10 212 



Georgetown | 41 12 

Williamstowu ... 35 47 

Crittenden 11! 58 

Florence 16 74 

Covington 9 83 

Cincinnati I 1 84 

(503) Fr'm Lexington 
TO Madison, la. . 

To Versailles | I 12 

Frankfort 12 24 

Laputa 10 34 

iXewcastle 15 49 

Canipbellsburg... 6 55 

Bedford 10 65 

Milton 11 76 

Madison I L 77 

i 

(504) Fr'm Lexington 

TO Louisville, 

Via Frankfurt. 

To Versailles. . . . 

Frankfort 

Bridgeport 

Hardinsville 

Clay Village 

Sbelbyville 

Siuipson\ille 

Long Run 

Middletown 



Mt. Zion 

Shawneetown, 
111 I 71257 

(506) Fr'm Lexington 
to SSmithland. 



1 12 

12 24 

7 31 
lO: 41 
18 59 

6 65 
12 77 
12 89 

6! 95 
17112 
121124 
101134 

8142 
14156 



Kingston 

'I'arlton 

Lancaster 

Rnshville 

Somerset 

Fultonhani 

ZanesvILLe 

Wheeling — 
(see i\o. 323).. 



73285 



(502) Fr'm Lexington 

TO Cincinnati, O. 
To Delpbton I I 8 



Louisville 12 

(505) Fr'm Lexington 
TO Shawneetown. 

To Louisville- 
(see No. 504) 

Salina 

West Point..., 

Garnettsville ., 

Brandenburg ., 

Hardinsburg . . 

Cloverport 

Hawsville 

Velvington 

Owensboro' !10!193 

j Richland 12 205 

, Henderson Il7 222 

jSmith's Mills 12 234 

Morganfield Il2246 



99 
107 
118 
142 

11,153 
91162 

21183 



To Nicholasville 
Shawnee Run... 

Harrodsburg 

Perry ville 

Lebanon 

Newmarket 

Campbellsvilie ., 

Greensburg 

Monroe 

Blue Spring Grove 

Glasgow 

Three Forks 

Dripping Spring.. 
Bowling Green... 

S.Union 

Russellville 

Elkton |15 

Hopkinsville ]20 

Cerulean Spring. . !l6 235 

Princeton 10245 

Fredonia 14 259 

Salem 10269 

Smithland 15 284 

(507) Fr'm Lexington 
to Columbus, Ky. 

To Hopkin.sville- 
(see No. 506) . . 

Bellevue 

Cadiz 

Canton 

Aurora 

Wades boro' 

Mnyrield 

Milburn 

Columbus 



219 

10!229 
12 241 

9 250 
8 258 
12,270 
20!290 

21:311 



(508) Fr'm Lexington 

TO Nashville, Tenn. 

To Harrodsburg— 

(see No. 506) . . . 

Three Springs 

Glasgow 

Scottsville 



31 
75106 
17123 
25148 



212 



ROUTES IX KENTUCKY. 



Gallatin 1331181 ' Woodsonville .... 101 85 

Nashville 1261207 Three Forks 11 96 

[Dripping Spring..! 8 104 
(509) Fr'm Lexington Bowling Grken 14 118 

TO Knoxville. I Franklin 22 140 

To Nicholasville 
Burnt Tavern 
Lancaster .... 

Stanford ' 8 40 

ML Vernon 23 

London 
Lynn Camp 



/ILLE. irranKiin zuiW 

ili_ I I 19 Mitchellville I 9149 

'l2 24 'i'yree Springs.... 14 163 
■■■■| s ooMansker's Creek. 7 170 



Pleasant Hill 

Nashville 
lu CO Natchez— 
13 95 1 Csee No. 485)...469 652 



6176 
7183 



Barboursvilie 12107 (512) Fr'm Louisville 

Cumber and Ford lb 123 , to Maysville. 
Cumberland Gfap 10 138 '~ ,,.,,, , , ,„ 

Tazewell 12 150 To Middletown . . 12 

Bean's Station ... 12 162 I^P"S ^un 6 18 

Rutledge 9171 ,§'mPsoiivi lie oj 23 

Blain's^ Roads.. 14 185 ;fe,'ie'byv''e 8j 31 

Knoxville 19204 ^ay Village bj 3/ 

, Hardinsville 8 4o 

'^l"^ l^y M^^iyi^L'^iFRAfKCT ::::: 1 1? 

Versailles 12 66 

Lexington 12 78 



1(515) Fr'm Louisvillb 
TO St. Joseph's, 
I Mich. 
iToPaoli- 

(see No. 514).., 
[Orleans 

Spring Mill 

'Sinking Spring... 

Bedford 

jMarysville 

Bloomington ... 

[Martinsville 

I Indianapolis 

St. Joseph— 
(see No. 



14 89 
21110 
15,125 



to Natchez, Miss. 
Via Lexington, JVash- 



ville, <$-c. 
To Washington . . 

May's Lick 

Lower Blue Lick. 
Forest Retreat — 

Miilersburg 

Paris 

Moreland 

Lexington 

Nicholasville. 



8 12 
12 24 

8; 32 



Si 46 

7i 53 

61 



IIMaysville- 
4!J Csee No. 501) . . . 61 139 

(513) Fr'm Louisville 
; TO Columbus, Ky. 

To Bowling Green 
, (see No. 511) . . . 

S. Union 

Russellviile 



„. 12' 73^"^'"" 

Shawnee Run.... 12 85. H^pkinsvillk.. 

Harrodsburg 1 7[ 92 ^V^^^^^^s- 

PerryviJle .: 10102;( (.see No. o06)...100 

Lebanon ;18|20 1(514) p , Louisville 

Newmarket 'bl4)| Vr. St I niiia 

Campbellsville ... 12,138 ^^. ^" '}t % . 

Greensburg ,12 150 [ ^*« •^fiw •'I'-oany, la. <V 

Monroe 111161 [ | Vincennes. 

'I'hree Springs 6 167 To New Albany. . 4 

Blue Spring Grove 4171 Greenville 12 16 

Glasgow 13184 Palmyra 8 24 

Lewis 121961 Fredericksburg... 5 29 

Scottsville 13 209 Hardinsburg 5 34 

State Line 9218 Paoli 12 46 

Gallatin 24 242 Columbiaville... . 16 62 

Hendersonville... 10 252 Mt. Pleasant Il2 74 

Pleasant Hill 9261 Washington 15 89 

Nashville 7,268; Berry ville ; 7 96 

Natchez— Vincennes 13 



, 15 

10' 25 

14 a? 

10 49 

16 65 
20 81 
15100 
14 114 
14128 



281 



(see No. 485)... 4691737 

(511) Fr'm Louisville 
to Natchez, 
Via JVashville. 

ToSalina I I 11 

WestP(.int 10 21 



Lawrenceville.Ill. 9 

Olney 22 

Maysville |25 

]Cato 18 

Salem !l8 

Carlyie |26 227 

I Shoal Creek 9 236 

Aviston 6 242 



Elizabethto wn ... 22 43 Lebanon Ill 253 

Nolen 12 551 Rock Spring 1 4257 

Leesvilie 12 671 Belleville 8 265 

Mumfordsville . . . 8 75IISt Louis 14 279 



174'299 

(516) Fr'm Louisville 
{ to Memphis, Tenn. 

! To Nashville— I | 
(see No. 511)... 1183 

Memphis— I I 

(see No. 484)... 230 413 

(517) Fr'm Smithland 
TO Maysville, Ky. 

To Salem 

Fredonia 

[Princeton. 

Cerulean Spring 

HOPKINSVILLE., 

iElkton 

, Russellviile 

jS. Union 

Bowling Gree.. 

Drippinsr Spring. . 14 142 

; Three Forks 8150 

! Glasgow 10160 

Blue Spring Grove 13 173 
Three Springs — | 4177 

Monroe \ 6183 

Greensburg 11194 

Campbellsville ... 12 206 

Newmarket 12 218 

Lebanon 6j224 

Perry ville 18[242 

Harrodsburg .. 10 252 
Shawnee Run.... 7 259 

Nicholasville 12|2:i 

Lexington 12283 

Maysville— [ 
(see No. 501) .. . 61 344 



(518) Fr'm Smithland 
to Nashville. 

To Salem 

Fredonia 

Princeton 

Cerulean Spring 

HOPKINSVILLE., 

Oak Grove 

Clarksville 

Fredonia 

Mt. Henry 

Nashville 



10 
14 
10 
16 
14 
12 91 
11103 
5107 
30137 



ROUTES IN INDIANA. 



213 



^519) From Columbus 
TO Nashville. 

To Clinton I I 12 

Feliciana U 23 

Bovdsville Il6 39 

Bii'rren Hill 13, 52 

Paris 7 6H 

ynndy Hill 12 71 

Revnoldsburg.... Itll 90 

VVi.verly ' 9 99 

Batson's 12|ni 

Churlotte 10121 

Chesnut Grove... 18139 
Nashville 20159 

From Hickman to 

Nashville. 



To Totten Wells . 

Garijnersville 

Dresden 

Irvin's Store 

Alt. Holyoke 



1 18 
6 24 
12 3b- 
8 44 
8 52 

Paris ! 8, 60 

Nashville 
(see No. 519)... 100160 

(520) F'm Indianapolis 
TO Columbus, O. 



To Cumberland .. 

Philadelphia 

Greenfield 

(^'hiirlottesville 

Knightstown 

Ogden 

Lewisville 

Dublin 

Cambridge 

Centreville ... 

Richmond 

New VVestville,0. 

Eaton 

W. Alexander ... 

Liberty 

Dayton 

Fairfield 

Enon 

Springfield — 
Brighton Centre.. 

La Fayette 

W. Jefferson 

Alton 

Columbus 



1 10 
5 1 
5, 20 



2 
10 

6 

6 
10 

6 95 
13108 

7 115 
11126 

7133 
7140 
10150 
10160 
8168 
5173 
9182 



(521) F'm Indianapolis 
to Greenville, O. 

To Noblesville . . 

Strawtown 

Aridersontown .. 

Mill Creek 

Yorktown 

Muncie 

Smifhfield 

Windsor 

Macksville 





9 


6 


15 






12 


32 


10 


42 


6 


4H 


5 


53 


6 


59 


13 


72 



Winchester i 7| 81 

Randolph 7i 88 

Greenville 1141102 

(522) F'm Indianapolis 
■yo Michigan City. 

To Augusta — 
Eagle Village .. 

Northfield 

Kirk's X Roads. 
Michigaiitown . 
Middle Fork.... 

Burlington 

Carroll 

LOGANSPORT .. 

Meiea 12 84 

Rochester 11 95 

Sidney 110 105 

Plymouth 8113 

Laporte ;30143 

Michigan City.. I 6149 

(523) F'm Indianapolis 
TO St. Joseph's, 
Mich. 

To Plymouth— 1 ] 
(see No. 522) ... 113 

Whitehall 14127 

South Bend .... 10137 

Niles, Mich |12 14^ 

Berrian Springs . . 10 159 

Roynlton 12171 

St. Joseph's — I 3174 

(524) F'm Indi.vnapolis 
TO La Fayette. 

To Clermont . . 
Brownsburg — 

Jamestown 

New Rdss ..... 
Crawfordsvilie 

Wea 

La Fayette . 





20l 




27 


12 







44 


6 


50 


J^ 


5« 




65 


6 


71 


3 


74 



6 14 

14 28 
71 35 

10 45 

15 60 
13 73 



(525) F'm Indianapolis 
TO Peoria, 111. 

To Crawfordsvillel I 
(see No. 524) ...1 I 45 

Waynetown 10| 55 

Hillsboro' I 6 61 

Cole's Cieek 5 66 

Covington I 8| 74 

Dauville 12 8. 

Union 20101 

Urbana 14120 

Mahomet 13133 

Santa Anna 14 14 

Leroy 10 15 

Bloomington 15172 

Wilkesboro' 10182 

Mackinaw 10192 

Tremont ! 719! 

Peoria 13212 



(526) F'm iNDiANAPOLia 
TO Springfield, 111. 

Via Terre Haute. 

To Bridgeport....! I 9 

Plainfield 6l 15 

Belleville 5i 20 

Stilesville 1 8 28 

Mt. Meridian ....: 8l 36 

PntnamviUe 6| 42 

Manhattan 4 46 

Harmony 8 54 

Van Buren ! 1' 61 

Terre Haute .. 12 73 

Elbridge 11.1 84 

Paris 

Embarrass Point 

Oaklaud 

Hermitage 

Livingston 

Decatur 

Mt. Auburn 

Rochester 

Springfield .. 



9 9i 
10103 

71110 
18128 
16144 
20164 
18 182 
12 194 
10 204 



(527) F'm Indian APOLig 
TO St. Louis, Mo. 

ToTerreHauteI 1 

(seeNo. 526) ... ! 73 
Livingston, 111.... 13 86 

Marshall ! 4 90 

Martinsville 12102 

Casey ! 6108 

(Jreenup 10118 

Woodbury ' 7 125 

Ewington 18143 

Freemanton I 5148 

Howard's Point.. 91.57 

Cumberland 7164 

VandaLia I 6170 

Mulberry Grove ..1 9179 

Greenville 8187 

Hickory Grove... 9196 

Collinsville 25 221 

St. Louis 16237 



(528) F'm Indianapolis 
TO Louisville, Ky. 

yia JVew Mbany. 

To Martinsville ..| I 15 
BloomiuiTton !2I 36 



Marvsville 

He.itord 

Sinking Spring... 

Spring Mill 

Orleans 

Paoli 

Hardinslmrg 

Fredericksburg... 

Palmyra 

Greenville 

New Albany 

Louisville 



7! 6,5 


3' 68 


5 73 


6 79 


12 91 


5 96 


5 101 


8109 


12121 


4125 



214 



ROUTES IN INDIANA. 



C529) F'm Indianapolis 
TO Fredonia. 

ToPaoli- I I 

(see No. 528) .. . 79 

Valene llO' 89 

Pioctorsville ' 5 94 

Fredonia 13107 

(530) F'm Indianapolis 
TO Madison. 



To Greenwood. 

Franklin 

Fidinburg 

Columbus 



Madison &,■ Indianapolis 
Railroad 



Clifty 
Elizubethtown , 

Scipio 

Vernon 

Dupont 

Madison 



11 

55 

63 

71 

12 83 



(531) F'm Indianapolis 
TO Cincinnati, 



Via JVapoleon. 



To Bethel 

Pleasant View 

Brandy wine 

Shelby ville 

St. Omar 

Greensburg 

Napoleon 

Delaware 

Laugherty 

Manchester 

Lawrenceburg ... 
Elizubethtown, O. 

Cleves 

Dry Ridge 

Cheviot 

Cincinnati 



8 
14' 22 
12 34 
6 40 

11 51 
10 til 

12 73 
6 79 
4 83 
71 90 

10100 
6lOd 
4110 
4114 
4118 
4122 



(532) F'm Indianapolis 
to Cincinnati, 



Via Brookville. 



To Sugar Creek.. 

Morristown 

Rushville 

New Salem 

Andersonville 

Laurel 

Metumora 

Brookville — 
Cedar Grove 

Sew Trenton 
nrrison, O 

Clark's Store 

Miami 

Cheviot 

Cincinnati 



(533) F'm Indianapolis 
TO Vkvay. 

To Napoleon— 
(see No. 531) 

Versailles 

Cross Plains . . . 

Pleasant 

Mt. Sterling... 
Vevay 



6101 
4105 



o|105 
3li08 



(534) F'm Madison to 

Indianapolis. 

Madison &,- Indianapolis 

Railroad. 

To Dupont 

Vernon 

Scipio 

Elizabethtown . 

Clifty 

Columbus 

Stage. 

Edinburg 

Franklin 

Greenwood 

Indianapolis.. 



I 12 

8 20 
8 28 
7 35 
4V39i 
2i: 42 

11 53 

10 63 

10 73 

10 83 



(535) F'm Evansville 
to Logansport, 

Via Vincennes, Terre 
Haute, La Fayette, S,- 
Delphi. 
ToSandersville ..I 110 

Princeton 20! 30 

Patoka I 4 34 

nicksburg I 8 42 

Vincennes 12 54 

W. Union 15 69 

Carlisle 8 77 

Merom 12 89 

Furman's Creek.. 9 98 

Prairie Creek 8106 

I'rairieton 7113 

Terre Haute... 7ia) 

Otter Creek i 9129 

Clinton ! 6135 

Highland 10145 



1(536) F'm Evansville 
I TO Chicago, 111. 
;To Covington— I l 
I (see No. 5a5) . . . 1 172 
(Danville, III.... 12184 

[North Fork 16 200 

iMilford 22 222 

Iroquois 12 234 

Bulbonus Grove.. 28 262 

Rockville 6 268 

Wilmington 10 2'i8 

Juliet 20 298 

Lockport 5 3(a< 

Keepatau ; 8 311 

Des Plains 4 315 

Flag Creek 6 321 

Summit I 4i325 

Chicago il3,338 

(537) From Mouth of 
THE Wabash River 
TO L.A Fayette. 

Steamboat. 
To Grand Chain. 
New Harmony ... 
Coffiie Isl. Rapids 

Mt. Carmel 

Grand Rapids... 
St. Francisville... 

Vincennes 

Rnssellville 

Merom 

York 

Darwin 

Terre Haute... 

Harrison 

(Jlinton 

Montezuma 

Westport 

Perry ville 

Covington 

William SPORT.. 

La Grange 

La Fayette 



6151 
7158 
7165 
7172 



Newport 

Eugene 

Perry ville 

Covington 

Portland 

Wllliamsport 

Attica 

Shawnee Prairie.. 

West Point 

La Fayette .... 11212 
Battle Ground.... 7 219 

Americns 4 223 

Oelvhi 7 230 

Tiptonport 6236 

Lockport j 3239 

Amsterdam 5244 

Logansport ' 7251 



6186 

2188 

5193 

201 



19' 48 
32, 80 
lOl 90 
2| 92 
15! 107 
18125 
11136 
24160 
I6 17t> 



16 28* 
13297 
13 310 



(538) From Mk higan 

City to Cincinnati, 

Via Indianapolis. 

To Laporte 

Plymouth 

Sidney 

Rochester 

Metea 

Logansport . 

Carrcdl 

Burlington 

Middle Fork.... 
Michigantown 
Kirk'sX Road: 

Northfield 

Eagle Village . 

Augusta 

Indianapolis. 
Cincinnati— 
(see No. 532) ...105 254 



3b" i 
44 I 

54 I 
65 I 
77 I 
90 
96 '' 

101 I 

107 



10 117 
12129 
5134 
6140 
9149 



ROUTES L\ MICHIGAN. 



215 



(539) F'm Detroit to 
Port Huron. 

ToRoseville ' I 7 

Mt. Clemenos .... 11 18 

JN'ew Haven I 71 25 

Columbus 121 37 

St. Clair Ill' 48 

Port Huron ilL 59 

(540) F'm Detroit to 

Saginaw. 
Detroit &,- Pontiac RR. 



To Royal Oak.. 
Birmingham . .. 

Pontiac 

Stnge. 

Watert'ord 

Springfield 

Groveland 

Stony Run 

Grand Blanc ... 

Flint 

Genesee 

Thetford 

Bridgeport 

Saginaw 



I 14 

5: 19 
6 

7 

5 3 

7 44 

5 49 

4 53 

61 

65 

72 

13 

12 



(541) F'm Detroit to 

Grand Haven, 

Via lojiia. 

ToRedford 

Livonia 

Farmingtou 

Novi 

Hicksville 

Kensington 

Brighton 

Genoa 

HOWKLL 

Cedar 



Phelpstown 

De Witt 

Lyons 

Ionia 

Boston 

Flat River 

Ada 

Grand Rapids 

Grandville 

Port Sheldon ... 
Grand Haven. 



13 

3 16 

4 21) 



Dexter 

Sylvan 

Grass Lake... 

Leoni 

Jackson 

Barry 

Smithfield.... 

Albion 

Waterburg. . . 

Marengo 

Marshall... 

Andover 

Battle Creek . 

Charleston 

Galesburg 

Comstock 

Kalamazoo . 
Stage. 

Pawpaw 

Kendall 

Keelersville... 
Bainbridge... 
St. Joseph's 



5113 

7:120 
5125 
8133 
4137 
5 142 
4jl46 

18164 
8172 
8180 
10190 
10200 



12 
15 
25'111 

7ill8 
10128 

7135 
10145 
10155 

716-2 
25 187 
112199: 



(542) F'm Detroit to! 

St. Joseph's, 
Via Jackson, Mar shall, 

<S' Kalamazoo. 

Central Railroad. 



To Dearbornville. 

S. Nankin 

S. Plvmouth 

Ypsifanti 

Ann Arbor 

Scio 



10 
15 
23! 
30 
10: 40 
6 46 



(543) F'm Detroit to 

NiLES. 

To Ypsilanti— [ 
(see No. 542) ... 

Pittstield 

Saline 

Benton 

(Jlinton 

Iron Creek 

Cambridge 

Woodstock 

Somerset 

Moscow 

Scipio 

Sylvanus 

Q.uincy 

Cold Water . . . 

Bnmch 

Batavia 

Bronson's Prairie. 

Prairie River 

Freedom 

Sherman 

W. Sherman 

White Pigeon 

MOTTSVILLE 

Union 

Adamsville 

Edwardsburg 

Dover 

NiLES i 



35I 
40 
45 
52 

5 57 
9 66 
7: 73 

6 791 
9 881 
4 921 
b 97 
7104 
6110^ 
3113 
4 117 
4121 
51^6; 
5131 
413.V 
5140 
8148' 
6154 
6160: 
7167! 
5(172 1 
3175 
7,182 



(544) F'm Detroit to 
Chicago. 



To Niles— 

(see No. 543) . . . 
Terra Coupee, la. 

Hudson 

Laporte 

Michigan City.. 
City West 



182, 
I4I1PH 
5201 
13 214 
12 2261 
17 243! 



Calumet, 111. 
Chicago 



.|24|; 

.I12I; 



279 



(545) F'm Detroit to 
Toledo. 



ToTrnngo.... 

Gibraltar 

Brownstown . . 

Brest 

Monroe 

La Salle 

Erie 

Manhattan, O. 
Toledo 



13 

8 21 

4 25 

13 38 

I 5 43 

I 5 48 

: 5 53 

' 9 62 

3 65 



(546) F'm Detroit to 
Adrian. 


To Clinton— 

(see No. 543) ... 
Tecumseh 


52 
5 57 
10 fi7 


(547) F'm Detroit to 


Buffalo. 




Steamboat. 




To Sandusky, O.. 

Huron 

Black River 

Cleveland 

Grand River 

Ashtabula 

Conneaut 

Erie, Pa 

Portland, N.Y. .. 
Dunkirk 


1 75 
10 85 
20105 
27132 
30 U2 
30192 
14 206 
30 236 
30 266 


Buffalo 


45 327 



(548) F'm Detroit to 
Chicago. 



To Ft. Gratiot. . . 
Point au Barques 
Thunder Bay is. 

Presque Isle 

Mackinac 

Manitou Islands. 
Milwaukie, Wis. 

Racine 

Southport 

Chicago, 111. ... 



(549) Fr'm Monroe to 
Niles. 

Southern Railroad. 

To Ida 

Somerfield. 
Deerfield . . 
Adrian ... 

Dover 

Hudson 

Pittsford... 

Florida 

Hillsdale 



I 12 

6 18 

4 22 
12 ,34 

7 41 
10 51 

6 57 

5 62 

6 68 



216 



ROUTES IN ILLINOIS. 



Stage. I I 

Sylvanus 8, 76 

Q.uincy 7 83 

C.ild Water I 6 89 

NiLES— 

(see No. 543) ...172161 
(550) F'M Toledo, C, 

TO NiLES. 

Erie ^ Kalamazoo RR. 
To VVhiteford . 
Blissford, Mich 

Palmyra 

Adrian 

NiLES— 

(see No. 549). 



1 12 
11 ' 23 
4 27 

6 33 

.127160 



(555) From Shawnee- | 

TOWN TO ViNCENNES 



(551) From Adrian to 
Jackson. 



To Tecumseli . . . . 

Clinton 

Manchester 

Elba 

Napoleon 

Michigan Centre. 
Jack.son 



10 

51 15i 

7i 22i 

4( 2ti; 

7i 33 

6 39 

51 44 



(552) From Marshall 
TO Michigan City, 
la. 



To Cedar Lake. . . 

Newton 

Athens 

Sherwood 

Port Pleasant 

Nottaway 

Centreville ... 

Mottville 

Bristol, la 

Elkhart 

Mishawaka 

South Bend 

Bis Springs 

Michigan City.. 



1 17 
6 23 
8 31 



To New Haven 

Concord 

Carmi 

Phillipstown , . ._ 

Graysville | 9 48 

Mt. Carmel 
Armstrong . 
Vincennes 



18 66 
10 76 

19 95 



(556) From Shawnee- 
TOWN TO Spring- 
field. 

To Duncanton ... 1 1 23 

McLeansboro' 16 39 

Moure's Prairie... 13 52 



14 66 
8 74 
14 88 
25113 
12 125 



I 5 
8' 13 
8, 21 
4! 25 
6j 31 
6 37 
5! 42 

16' 58; 
6 64 
8 72 

II 83 
4 87 

30117 

12129 



(553) F'm Kalamazoo 
TO Grand Bapids. 



To Richland.... 

Fulton 

VTankee Springs. 

Middleville 

Ada 

Grand Rapids.. 



11 
15 
25 
33 
53 
lo: 63 



(554) F'm Kalamazoo 

TO Grand Haven. 
To Plainville. . 

Otsego 

Allegan 

Richmond 

Suugfituck .... 
Port Slieldon . . 
Grand Haven 



Mt. Vern. . 
Jordon's Prairie 

Salem 

Vandalia 

Hurricane __ _ 

HilJsboro' 15140 

Zanesvijle 126166 

Springfield ....138204 

(557) From Shavvnee- 
TovvN TO St. Louis. 

To Cypressville 

Equality 

Gallatin 

Frankfort 17 

Mt. Hawkins 29 



Salem |11| 70 

Cato 18! 88 

Maysville 18106 

OIney 251131 

Lawrenceville 22153 

Vincennes i 9|l62 

(561) Fr'm Kaskaskia 

TO St. Louis. 
To Prairie 
Rocher. . 
VVaterloo . 
Columbia . 
Cahokia... 
St. Louis. 



14 

21 35 

8 43 

9 52 
3. 55 



J) From Alton to 
Jacksonville. 



Nashville. 
Pleasant Grove.., 

Mnscoufah 

Belleville 

St. Louis , 



To Brighton 

Delaware 

Fayette 

Greenfield 

lAthensviJIe 

Williamsburg .. 
Jacksonville. 



i 12 
12 24 

8 32 
3 a5 
8 43 
10 53 
lOl 63 



(563) F'm Springfield 
TO Chicago, 



Via Peoria. 



14tToMiddletown 
32; Dele van 



(558) From Golconda 
TO St. Louis. 



! 34 

12 55 



ToSarahville .... 

Marion C. H 

Frankfort 

St. Louis— 

(see No. 557)... 101(156 

(5.59) From Shawnee- 
TovvN to Cape Gi- 
rardeau, Mo. 



To Mt. Airy 

Vienna 

Mt. PiensHUt 
Jonesboro' . . 
C-lenr Creek L'd'g 



15 
32 47 
10 57; 
12' 69| 

18 871 



Dillon 
[Tremont... 

Pekin 

Peoria. . . . 

Rome 

iChillicothe 

Lacon 

Hennepin !l7;il9 

La Salle 151134 

1 Ottawa 15 149 



I 20 
25 45 
8 53 

4 57 

5 62 
8 70 

15 85 
3 88 
14102 



Lisbon 

A usable 

Joliet 

Lockport... 
Keepiiteau . 
DesPlaines, 
Flagg Creek 

Summit 4 

Chicago 13 



Cape Girardeau' 6 

I 
(560; Fr'm KaskaskiaI 
TO Vincennes. | 

To Sparta 1 I 18! 

Elkhorn 16 

NHshville I 7 

Walnut Hill 18: 



(564) F'm Springfield 
TO Galena, 
Via Peoria. 

To Peoria— | | 

(see No. 563) . 

N. Hampton . . . 

['rovidence..! .. 

Scottsville 

Dixon's Ferry .. 

Buffalo Grove.. 



70 
20 90 
24,114 
35|l4'» 
12161 

12173 

Cherry Grove ....17|190 

41| Apple River 2.5'215 

59il Galena I5i230 



ROUTES IN ILLINOIS. 



217 



(565) F'm Springfield] 
TO Lewistown. 



To t^alisbury .. 

Petersburg 

Sand Ridge ... 

Hiivamiti 

Wuterford 

Lewistown.. 



I 10; 

11 21 
6 27 

18! 45! 
5[ dO| 
5 55 



(566) F'm Springfield 
to uuincy. 
Railroad. 
To Berlin .... 
Jacksonville. . 

Bethel 

Meredosia.. 
iStnge. 

Versailles 

Mt. Sterling.. 

Clayton 

Columbus 

QUINCY 



14 

33' 
45 

53 

58, 
14! 72' 
12: 84 
12' 96' 
15111; 



I (570) F'm Springfield 

TO Shawnketown. 
To Zanesville .... 

iHillsboro' 

i Hurricane 

i Vandalia 

j Salem 

i Jordan's Prairie.. 

Mt. Vernon .. 

j Moore's Prairie. .. 
jAIcLeansboro' ... 

iDuncanton 

Shawneetown . 



26 641 

15 7.91 
12 91 ! 
25116 
14 130 

8:138! 
14! 152 1 
13|165; 

16 181 
23 204! 



(567) F'm Springfield 
TO Burlington, Io. 

Via JacksoiivilLe and 
Beardstown. 
Rnilroad. 
To Jacksonville .. 
Stage. 

Arcadia 

Buth 

Beardstown 9 

Rushville 12 

Doddsville ;ll 

Macomb 16 

Muddy Lane 12; 

Bedford i 5' 

Honey Creek I 7120 

Shokokan , 7127 

Burlington 8135 

(568) F'm Springfield 
TO F't Madison, Io. 1 

Via JVauvoo. j 

To Rushville— 
(see No. 567) . . . 

Camden 

HuntsviJle 

Pulaski 

Augusta 

Plymouth 

Carthage 14115 

Nauvoo 18133 

Appanoos 8141 

Fort Madison.. 2143| 

(569) F'm Springfield 
to St. Louis. 



101 



1(571) F'm Springfield 

TO ClNflNN.^TI, 

Via Indianapolis. 

To Rochester ! 10 

,Taylorsville 16 26 

Shelbyville 34 60 

Cochran's Grove . 12 72 

Paradise j 9 81 

Bethsaida 71 88 

Charleston ' 8' 96 

Hitesville 12,108, 

Grandview 6 114 

Paris 10 124 

Elbridge 9 133 

Terre Haute .. 11144 

I Van Buren 12 156 j 

Harmony 7|163 

I Manhattiin 8171 

4175 
61181 
8!l89| 
8197 

5 2021 

6 2081 
9,2171 

1053^21 



(574) From Peoria to 

Chicago, 
(See No. 563) 1 1162 

(575) From Peoria to 

Galena. 
To N. Hampton..! 

Providence 24 

Scottsville !35 

Dixonsville 12 

Burthlo Grove 12 

Cherry Grove il7 

Apple River 25 

Galena ,15 



(576) From Peoria to 
j Burlington. 

To Robin's Nest.. I 

Charleston 7 

French Creek 6 

Trenton 8 

Knox C. H (lO 

Galesbur^' i 5 

C.ld Brook tlO 

JMONMOUTH., 

Oijuawka 

Burlington 



.... 6 
....'18 
lo.llO 



Pntnanisville .. 
Mt. Meridian.. 

Stilesville 

Belleville 

Plainfield 

Bridgeport 

Indianapolis. 
Cincinnati— 
(see No. 532) , 



(572) F'm Springfield 
TO La Fayette, la. i 

To Mechanicsb'rgl | 15; 

Decatur |25 40 

Mouticello ^25 65 

Urbana ,22; 87 

Union Il4;101 

Danville 20121 

Covington, la. ... |15 136 
La Fayette— i I 
(see No. 535) ... 40 176 

(573) From Jackson- 
ville TO St. Louis. 



To Auburn 

Carlinville 

Lincoln 

Paddock's Grove. 
Edwardsville 



I 15! 

24 39, 
20 59; 
81 67 

7^ 74 



To Williamsburg. 

Manchester 

Whitehall 

Carrollton 

Kane. 

Jersey ville 

Delhi, 



Alton 13 



St. Louis 21 951 St. Louis. 



JO 



(577) From Peoria to 
, St. Louis. 

To Pekin. 
'J'remont.. 
Dillon .... 
Delevan.. 

Middletown 25 

Springriekl 20 

St. Louis- 
i (seeNo. 569) ,..i95il65 

(578) F'm Chicago to 
I Milwaukee, Wis. 
To Dutchman's 1 I 

Point I 12 

Wheeling 4! 16 

Halfday 5l 21 

Liberty ville 7i 28 

Abington 4' 32 

Little Fort 7 39 

Otsego 8 47 

Salona, Wis 7 54 

Southport 7 61 

Racine 11 72 

OMk Creek 15, 87 

Milwaukee 10, 97 

(579) Fr'm Chicago to 
I Madison, Wis. 

I. 



To Rockford— 
(see No. 580) . 

R( scoe 

Pecatonica 

Beloit 

Janesville 

Union 



85 
13 98 
4 102 
4106 
I2I1I8 

^ 21139 

Madison 120159 



218 

C580) F'm Chicago t 
Frairie du Chikn. 
Fia Galena. 
To Cazenoviti. 
Blooiningdiile 

Elgin 

Udina 

Hampshire... 
il.. 



Cora 
Marengo 

Amesville 

Belvidere 

Clevelanil 

ROCKFORD 

Vaiiceburg 

Silver Creek — 

Freepoit 

Burr-oak Grove 

Apple River 18143 

Galena 1}1J8 

Jiiinestuwn 

Paris 8184 

C>issville 18 202 

Pi.tch Grove 12 214 

PrairieduChien 15 22.J 



ROUTES IN ILLINOIS. 

Rome ' 3] 1 47 r Cold WATER 

Peoria 13 lB2i amncy 

Pekin 81/0, ;-sylvanus 

TreiDont 5 Ho fl'iP'o 

Dillon 4 li9, Moscow 

Delevan 8 18; i Somerset . . . . 

3-J VI iddletown 25 212 | Woodstock. . 

•11 Springdeld 20 232 Cambridge 

49 St. Locis- | , ,^, 

CseeNo. 5e9)...95 327 



59 
64 
71 
781 
&)l 
97 
lot) 
6112 
1312 



(581) F'm Chicago to 
Rock Island, 



(583) F'm Chicago to 
Shavvneetown. 

To Summit I I 13 

Flag Creek 1 4 17 

DesPlaines i 6 23 

Keepateau 4 2/ 

Lockport I 8 do 

.Ioliet '5 40 

Wilmington 20, GO 

,o,-^.uRockville 10 70 

cU.llBulbonus Grove.. 6 76 

Iroquois 28iin4 

Milford 12116 

North Fork 22!i:« 

Danville 16154 

Georgetown 10,164 

Bloomtield lo 1 ' 



5227 
7 234 
51239 
5244 
5.249 



Via Dixon. 



Iron Creek . 

i Clinton 

' Benton 

Saline 

Pittsfield.... 
Ypsilanti . 

I Central Railroad. 

S. Plymouth 7 256 

S. Nankin 8,264 

Dearborn 5 269 

Detroit 10l279 

C585) Fr'm Galena to 
Chicago, 
Fia Rockford. 
To Elizabeth, (or 
Apple River)... 
Burr-oak Grove .. 
Freeport 



Paris 13;iH2! Silver Creek 



Marshall 

Darwin 

York 

!Hutsoiisville... 

Palestine 

iKussellviUe..., 
1 Vincennks ... 
I Armstro 



To Brush Hill.... I 
Downer's Grove.. j ' 

Napierville , I 

Aurora ! 

Sugar Grove ] 

Acasta i 

Little Rock j : 

Soinonaiik : ' 

Pawpaw Grove ..11 

lulet. ]16 92; 

UiXoN 141061 

Sterling 5111 

Rock River Rap-I 

ids 7118 

Lyndon 12130 (■584) p'^i Chicago to 

Crandair* Ferry..lll 141 ^ Detroit. 

Rock Ls LAND.... 331174 



(582) F'm Chicago to 
St. Louis 



^ .Mt. Carmel 10 294 

^^iGraysville 18 312 

Philipstown 

Carmi 

Concord 

New Haven 

Suawnektovvn 



I62O81! Vanc.eburg. 
10 218; Rockford. 

9 22, I Cleveland.. 

232 1 1 Belvidere... 

8 24Uji Amesville.. 
1;5 2 Oji Marengo ... 

10260 Coral 

19 284 Hampshire, 



9 321 

8 329 

6 343 



Udina. 

Elgin 

Bloomingdale.. 

Cazenovia 

Chicago 



4103 
6109 
8117 
61123 
12135 
12147 
llllaS 



I ^, , 1 , ,.T I t,iK urove ii<S| 

ToCalmnet ' ^^ Re|,„„„t 7! 

City \\ est, la 24 3b jyimeral Point .... 12 



Fia Peoria a,- Spring 
field. 

To Summit 1 ! ISjiNiles 

Flag Creek 4! nljEdwardsburg 

Des Plaines. 



City . 

Michigan City..!' I ^ 

Laporte 12 b-i 

Hudson 13 /8 

Terre Coupee 5 M 

10 10' 
6; 23!lAdamsville 



(586) Fr'm Galena to 

Madison. 

ToH-izel Green. .1 | 9 

iKlk Grove 12, 21 



Keepateau i 4 2* [Union 

Lockport I 8 ai : Mottsville . . . . 

JoLiET I 5 40llWhite Pigeon.... 

Au Sable '13 53 W. Sherman 

J,isbon 9 62 Sherman 

Ottawa 21 83 Freedoni , 

La Salle 15 98 Prairie River 

Hennepin 1"» 1131, Bronson's Prairie, 

l.iicon 1' 130 Batavia 

Chillicothe 14 1441, Branch 



112 
119 
6112 
61131 
8139 
5144 
4' 148 
5153 
51.58 
4162 
4166 



Mineral P< 
[)odgeville 

Ridgeway | 9 

Beaumont jlO 67 

Madison 251 92 

(587) Fr'm Galena to 
Pr.urie du Chien. 



To Jamestown ... 

Paris .' 

Cassville 

Patch Grove 

PrairieduChien 



s! 

181 
12| 
il5i 7 



(588) Fr'm Galena to 

DuBUilUE. 

By Stage fcFerryl I id 



"ROUTES IN WISCOXSIN AND IOWA. 



219 



(589) Fr'm Galena to 
Rock Island. 



To Hanover. 

Savannah 

Fulton 

Albany 

Cordova . ... 
Port Byron .. 
Hampton. 



14' 2t< 

IB 45 

10 00 

13 68 

(5 74 

10 84 

Uoik Island.... 10 94 



(590) F'm Rock Island 
TO St. Louis. 



I 42 
.34 76 
16i 92 
11103 
12115 
9124 
8132 



95 234 



To Monmouth ... 

Macomb 

l»o(].lsville 

Kusbville 

Heardstown 

Bath 

Arcadia 

.larksonville 

St. Louis— 
(see No. 573) . . . 



(591) F'm Rock Island 
TO Chicago. 

To Crandall's Fer- 
ry 

I^yndon 

Rock River Rap- 
ids 12 

Sterling I 7 

Dixon 5 



Inlet 

Pawpaw Grove .. 

Somonauk 

Little Rock 

Acasta 

Sugar Grove 

Aurora 

Napierville 

Downer's Grove.. 
Brush Hill. 



(593) F'm Milwaukee 
TO Chicago. 



To Oak Creek....! 

Racine 

Soiitliport 

Salona 

Otseixo, III I 

Little Fort 

.■\bington 

(iil)e(tyville 

Halfdiiy 

Wheeling 

Dutchman's Point 
Chicago, 111 



(594) From Mouth of 
Illinois River to 
La Salle. 



68 
14 82 

16 28 

17 115 
6121 
3124 
7131 
6137 
9 146 
6152 
4156 

Chicago 18174 

(592) F'm Rock Island 

to Milwaukee. 
To Di.xon— I 1 

(see No. 591) . . . ! | 68 
Grand Detour .... 6 74 

Oregon City ! 91 83 

Byron 11 94 

Kockford 16110 

Roscoe 13123 



](598) F'm Madison to 
Galena. 



To Beaumont ' 

Kidirewiiv 10 

Dodgeville 9 

Mineral Point 8 

I Belmont 12 

Elk Grove 7 

Hazel Green 12 

Galena 



Steiimhoat. \ 



To Montezuma 

Naples 18 

Meredosi* 7 

Beardstowu 15 

Havauua 30 

Pekin 30 

Peoria 9 

Rome 13116; 

l<ac(m 12 179 

Hennepin 18 197 

La Salle 15 212 

(595) F'm Milwaukee 
to Rock Island. 



(599) F'm Dubuque to 
Davenport. 

To Andrew I 128 

lie Witt 28 56 

Davem'ort llSl 74 

(600) F'm Davenport 
to Iowa City. 



To Rockingham..! 

Montpelier 

Wyoming 

Bloomington 

Overman's Ferry 

W. Liberty 

Iowa City 



8| 48 

121 eo 



(601) F'm Davenport 
TO Burlington. 

To Bloomington.. ' 29 

Mu.scMtine 11 40 

Grand view 3 43 

Wiippello 9 52 

Florence j 7 59 

Yellow Springs...! 9 68 

i Burlington Ilo 83 



To Greenfield ....I I 6 

New Berlin 4l 10 ; 

Vernon j 6; 16 

Mukwunago 5 21 

Sugar Creek'. ■.".'.'./ 8 41 1 CG02) F'm Burlington 

Johnston 12 53 i to Iowa City. 

' "esville 12 tja. To Yellow Springs I 15 

■ Florence 9 24 

Wappello i 7i 31 

Grand view 9 40 

Mnscatine 3 43 

Bloomington Hi 54 

■•• Liberty 19 73 

Iowa City 121 85 



Pecatonica . 

Beloit , 

Janesville 

Johnstown ... 
Sugar Creek. 

Troy 

Mukwanago 

Vernon 

New Berlin . 
Greenfield . . . 



Milwaukee Hi 



41 

4 131! 
12 143 i 
121551 
12 167 

8175 
12187 
5.1921 
6 198, 

4*202 



Beloit 12 

Pecatonica ; 4 81' 

Roscoe 4 85l 

Rockford 13 98 

Byron 16114 

Oregon City 11125 iv 

Grand Detour.... 91341 
Uixon 6140 



Rock Island 



(596) F'm Milwaukee 
TO Madison. 



(603) F'm Burlington 

TO St. Louis. 
To Augusta I H 



Fort Madison , 
.Montrose. 



34 



To Prairie VillMge' ! 1; 

Summit In 30! St. Francisville 

Aztalan 20 50l! M.. .'..11 

Cottage Grove ... 9 59) Waterloo 6 

Madison 21 80 Winchester 10 

Alonticeilo ilS 

(597) F'm Madison to pav-is's Prairie ...I 6 
Fort Winnebago, La Grange 9 91 

Palmyra 18109 

By Stage I 1 40l:Hannibal 13:122 



220 



ROUTES IN MISSOURI. 



New London ... 


10132 


Frankfort 


8i4(: 


Bowling Green 


14 M 


Auburn 


20 114 


Troy 


12 I8H 


Flint Hill 


10 \% 


Bt. Peter's 


I4 2ir 


Bt. Charles.... 


8 21 J; 


Owen's s?tation... 


h;22-i 


VV^ultonliarn 


51229 


St. Louis 


9:2^8 



10 44 



10 59 

8 67 
6 73 



(604) F'm Burlington 
TO Peoria. 

ToOquawka .... | 10 

RJonniouth 18 

Cold Brook 6i 34 

(ialesburg 

Knox C. H. .. 

Trenton 

French Creek 
Charleston ... 

Robin's Nest , ., 

Peoria il4l 94 

(605) F'm Burlington 

TO CiuiNCY. 

To Augusta... 
Fort Madison . 
Appanoos, 111. 

Nauvoo 

l)es Moines 

Warsaw 

Green Plains . . 

Lima 

Ursa 



11 
22 
24 
32 
42 
49 
54 
62 
70 
auiNcy 10: 80 

(606) From St. Louis 
TO Chicago, 

Via Spr hi g field. III., 

and Peoria. 
To Edwardsville .1 I 21 
Paddock's Grove. 7 28 

Lincoln 8 36 

Carlinville 120 56 

Auburn 24 80 

Springfield 15 95 

Chicago— > 

(seeNo. 563)... 232327 

(607) From St. Louis 
TO Galena. 

yia Sprhis;f'd, Peoria, 

£,- Uixunsville. 
To Springfield— I | 

(see No. 606) . . . 95 
Galena— I I 

(see No. 564)... 230325 

(608) From St. Louis 
TO Burlington, Io. 
Via Jacksonville, III. 

To Alton 1 l' 



Delhi. 



,113137 



|Jersej'ville 

I Kane 

Carrol lt(jn 

Whitehall 

Manchester 

Williamsburg 10 

Jacksonville 10 

Burlington— I 
(see No. 567)... 102 



(609) From St. Louis 
TO Iowa City. 

To Waitnnham..| 1 9 
Owen's Station . . ■ 5! 14 

St. Charles 6 20 

St. Peter's 8 28 

Flint Hill 14 42 

Troy 10 52 

Auburn 12 64 

ng Green... 20 84 



Richmond ll4!-249^ 



Elkhorn 


9'238 


Fredericksburg... 


5 263 


Liberty 


13|276 


Barry 


10 286 


Piatt City 




Fort Leaven- 


1 


worth 


S307 


(611) From St. 1 


^OUIS 


TO Jefferson City, 


To Fulton— 


1 


(see No. 610) . . . 


!l09 


-NewBloomlield.. 


22 131 


Hibernia 


10141 


Jefferson City. 


1142 



(612) From St. Louis 
TO Independence. 

To Manchester...] 120 

Frankfort 14 98 Fox Creek 14 34 

New Loudon 8 106, Point Labadie....| 9 43 



Hannibal 10116 Union 

Palmyra 13 129| Gasconade 

La Grange 18 147 1 Lucy's Creek 

Davis's Prairie... 9156i Lisle 

Monticello 6162 Jefferson City. 



Winchester 151' 

Waterloo 10187 

St. Francisville... 6193: 
Montrose 11204 



Marion 

Moniteau 

Clark's Fork 
Boonvillk . 



Fort Madison.. 12 216 La Mine. 

Augusta 11^227 

Burlington 11|238 

Iowa City— 1 
(see No. 602) . . . ,85i323 

(610) From St. Louis 
to Ft. Leavenw'th, 
Via St.Charles, Fulton, 

Si' Chariton. j 

To Waltonham 
Owen's Station...! 5 
St. Charles I 6 



12 ,55 
3; 92 
14I1O6 
12 118 
10128 
1.3 143 
5148 
15 163 
10173 
10 183 
Arrow Rock ... 12 l.^io 

Marshall il5 2IO 

Grand Pass 16 226 

Mt. Hope I 8234 

Dover ' 7 241 

Lexington 11 252 

Wellnigton 12 264 

Fort Osage 16 280 

Independence ..12 292 



Stockland 

Pond Fort 3 

Hickory Grove ... 13 

iWarrenton 10 

High Hill : 9 

Danville 17 

Williamsburg 10 

Jones's Tanyard. 
Fulton 



9 (613) From St. Louis 
14 to Ft. Smith, Ark. 
32 Via Caledonia and 
35 Sprinfffield. 

48 ToCarondotet.... 
58 Jerterson Barracks 
67 Knott's Sulphur 

84 Springs 

94 Clifton 

7101 Hillsboro' 

8.109 Glenfinlas 

Millersburg 12121 Old Mines 1 

Columbia 12133 Potosi 7 67 

Decatur 18151 (^aledonia 12 79 

Fayette 9 160 Harniony 15 94 

Glasgow 12 172 ( )sage 15 109 

Chariton > 2174 Sfeelville 12121 

Kevtesville 15189 Maran.ec C. H. .. 12133 

Brunswick 111200 Little Prairie 10 143 

Ple.asant Park .... 1 9 209 Little Piney 20,163 

Manliiis I 6 215 Pine Bluff I 8 171 

Carrollton 7 222 Wnynesville Il2 183 

Round Grove 13235, Bellefonte Wl^ 



5.1 

11' 22 

4 26 

15 41 

10 51 

60 



ROUTES IN MISSOURI. 



221 



Oakland 

Cave Spring 

Woodbury 

Pleasant Prairie . . 
VValnnt Forest... 

PPRINGFIKLD 

Cane Creelt 

Cassville 

Bentonville, Ark. 

Fayetteviile 

Sweet Home 

Cane Hill 

Evansville 

Van Bnren 

Fort SiMIth 



131207 
8215 
102-25 
I2|237 
13250 
82.58 
23281 
27|308 
31339 
22 361 
10 371 
6377 
]0 387 
30 417 
I 5422 



(614) F'm St. Louis to 
Little Rock, Ark. 

Via Caledunia, Freder- 
icktvwH, and Hicks' 
Ferry, Jirk. 

To Caledonia— 1 I 
(see No. 613) ...I | 79 

Farmin^'ton 22101 

Mnie La Motte...j 4105 
Frederiektuwn ... 4 109 

Greenville 35144 

Cane Creek 23 167 

Hick's Ferry, Ark 27 194 
FuurcheDu Mas. 14 208 

Jackson 16 224 

Smith ville 15 239 

Reed's Creek 15 254 

Patesville 20 274 

Searcy C. H 40 314 

LiTTLK Rock . . . 50,364 

(615) F'm St. Louis to 
Nkvv Madrid. 

To Fredericktown I 
(see No. 614) . . . 109 

Jackson 38 147 

Cape Girardeau.. 11 158 

Spring Hill 1 6164 

Benton ! 9173 

Pleasant Plains... 10183 

Ogden 8191 

Nkvv Madrid 23 214 

(616) F'm St. Louts to 
Louisville, Ky. 

Via. Vincennes. 



Berry villa 

Washington 

Mt. Pleasant — 

(/oliinibiaville 

Paoli 

Hardinsburg .... 
Fredericksburg.. 

Palmyra 

(Jreenvilie 

New Albany 

Louisville 



4279 

(617) F'm St. Louis to 

Indianapolis, 

Via Vavdnlia, 111., &,■ 

Ttrre Haate, la. 



13| 183 11 Pawnee Fork ....| 61595 

7 190 ! Coon Creek 331628 

15! 205 j Caches 36664 

122171 Ford of Arkansas. 20 684 

16 233p Sand Creek 150 734 

12 245 Cimarron River ..I 8 742 

5250' I Middle Spring '36 778 

5255|VVillow Bar 26 804 

8263 [Upper Spring .... 18822 
12 2751; Cold Spring i hi 



McNee's Creek... 25 852 
Rabbit-ear Creek. 20 872 
Round Mound ...i 8 880 

Rock Creek ! 8888 

Pomt of Rocks... 19 907 



Rio Colorado. 

Ocate 

16' Santa Clara 
25 41 i Spring. 



60 'Rio Mora 22 976 



8 58 RioGallinas ... 

9 67;Ojo de Bernal 

6 73:1 Spring 

7 80 San Miguel. 
9 89, 

94 



Pecos Village , 
Santa Fe 



To Collinsville ... 
{Hickory Grove... 

Greenville 

Mulberry Grove.. 

Vandaha 

Cumberland 

Howard's Point .. 

IFreemanton 

Ewington 

Woodbury 18112 

Greenup 7 119 

Casey 10129 

Martinsville 6135 

Marshall 12147 

[iiviiigston 4 151 rri t' r >j> 

Terke Haute ..13 164 To Knn^^asL d g. 

Van Bnren '12176 

Harmony I 7183 

Manhattan I 8191 

Putnamsville 419.5 

Mt. Meridian 6 201 

Stilesville 8 209 

iBelJeville 8217 

Plainrield 5 222 

Bridgeport 6 228 

Indianapolis — 9 237 



20 927 

69 

I 

21954 



20 [ 

171013 
61019 
231042 
251067 



(619) F'm St. Louis to 
Astoria, Oregon. 

Steamboat, 



(618) F'm St. Louis to 

Santa Fe. 

i Stage. 

To Tndepend'ce, 

(see No. 612) ... 

Car II van Route. 

XA'estport 



(tn. of KanwsR.) 
[ (see page 227)... I 1381 
! Emigrant Route. 
Kansas River i i 

Oossing 75' 456 

Platte River.... !220, 676 
Forks of Platte' 

River 115 791 

Chininev R.ick. 155 946 
Scott's Blurt'.... i 22 068 
Fort Larimie...i 601028 

Red Buttes 1551183 

Rock Iiidepend-! 

! ence I 501233 

South Pass... lUO 1343 

CJreen River.... 701413 

Beer Springs... 1901603 

12 304 Fort Hall 501653 



To Belleville, 111.. 

Rock Spring 

Lebanon 

Aviston 

Shoal Creek 

(Carlisle 

Salem 26 

Cato 18 

Maysvillo 18 

Olney 25il39; 

Jiawrenceville 22|161i 

ViNCE.NNES. la... 9170. 



Round Grove 23 32/ American Fiill.<.| 221675 

Narrows 30 357 Fishing Falls. . . 1251800 

110 Mile Creek . . . 35 392 Lewis R. Cross- i 

Bridse Creek 8 400 ing 401840 

Big John Spring.. 40 440 Fort Boi-e 1301970 

Council Grove....! 2 442 Hnrnt River... . 702040 
Diamond Spring .15 457 Grande Ronde.. 68 2108 

Lost Spring 15 472 Ft. Wallawalla. 90 2198 

Cottonwood Cr'k. 12 484 Umatillah Riv.. 252223 
Turkey Creek.... 25 509 John Day's R.. 70229-3 

Little Arkansas . . 17 526 Falls River 20 2313 

Cow Creek 20 546 Dalles 20;2333 

j Arkansiis River . . 16 562 Cascades 45 2378 

Walnut Creek.... 8 570 i Fort Vancouver 552433 
.Ash Creek ID 589 Astoria 10o|_'533 



STEAMBOAT ROUTES 



THE OHIO AND MISSISSIPPI RIVERS. 

(Route 620) 



Names of Places. 



P^i 



SS S-^ 



■51 "ii J="! £' 2l ^i --t 1-5 
Ol H^' Si S «C 'h kcI S 



Pittsburg, Ph 

Middletown, " 

licoiioinyj " 

lieaver, " 

Georgetown, " 

IJverpool, Ohio 

VVellsville, " 

Steuben villa, *' 

Welisville, Va 

Wiirren, O 

Wheeling, Vti 

Bridgepurt, O 

Eliziiliethf.own, Vii 

Laiiesville, " 

Sisters ville, " 

Grand View, Ohio 

Newpitrt, *' 

Marietta, " 

Muskinstiin River 

Vienna, Va 

Parkersburg, " 

JuitUt Kannwha River . 
iilannerhassett's Island. 

Troy, O 

Belleville, Va 

JLetart's Rapids 

Pomeroy, O 

Point Pleasant, Va 

Oreat Kavawka River 
Galli^jlis, Ohio.... 
Racuun Creek, " ... 
JVeweastle, " 

Guyandotte, Va 

Oiiyandotte River 

Burlington, O 

Big Sandy River, Va. 

C'atletsburg, Ky 

Hanging Rock. O 



Ky. 



2021 294' 431 
209, 5«7j 424 

211 285 422 
221 2,0 412 
226 270| 407 
264 232 369 
279: 217 354 
296| 200 mi 

300' 196 333 

306' 190 327 

315 181 318 

337; 159| 296 



1U04 1246 
992 12:j4 
979 1221 
969 1211 
9531195 
950; 1192 
9451187 
924 1166 
917,1159 
9091151 
9001142 
8991141 
887 1129 
872 1114 
850 1092 
842 1084 
825 1067 
808 1050 



1743 2044 
1731 2032 
1718 2019 
1708 2009 
1692 1993 
1689 1990 
1684 1985 
1663 1964 
I606 1957 
1648 1949 
1639 1940 
1638 1939 
1626 1927 
1611 1.412 
lo89 1890 
1581 1882 
1564 1865 
1547 1848 



2149 1176 
2137 1164 
2|24 1151 
2114 1141 
2098 1125 
2095 1122 
20.40 1117 
2069 1096 
2062 1089 
2054 1081 
2045 10-2 
2044 1071 
2032 1059 
2017 1044 
1995 lt)22 
1987 1014 
1970 997 
1953 980 



8021044 154118421947 
795 1037 1534 lt(35 1940 



965 



793 103511532 18:i3] 

78310251152218231928, 955 

778 1020 1517 1818 19231 950 

740 9S2'l479 1780 I8S51 912 

7251 967 1464 1765 1870 8!»7 

708 950 1447 1748 1853 M) 

7041 946144317441849 876 

698 940143717381843 870 

689 9311142a 1729 1834 861 

667, 90911406 1707 181'J " " 



345 151 288 659 901139816^91804 

349! 1471 284 655' 897 j 1394 16.951800 
3631 133 2701 641i 883138016811786 



STEAMBOAT ROUTES OHIO RIVER. 



223 



Names of Places. 









Greenupsburg, Ky 

fjiU/e Hand!/ River 

Portsmouth, O 

Scioto River 

Uockville, O 

Viiiicebiirf?, Ky 

Rome, O 

CiMicord, Ky 

Miiiicliester, O 

Mavsvillk, Ky. 

Aberdeen, (opposite,) O 

Ripley, O 

Higj^insport, O 

Aiijrusta, Ky 

Noviile, Ohio 

Moscow, " 

]N'ew Richmond, '* 

Ijittle. Miami River 

Columbia, Ohio 

Fulton, " 

Cincinnati, '* 

Newport, " 

Covington, (opposite,) Ky. ... 

North Bend, O 

Liiwreiiceburg, la 

Aurora, " 

Rising Sun, " ■ 

Patriot, " 

VVarsa w, Ky 

New York, la 

Vevay, " ^ 

(ihent, (opposite,) Ky 

CarroUtoii, " 

JMotitli of Kentucky River ... 

Madison, la 

Milton, (opposite,) Ky , 

New [>()ndon, la , 

Bethlehem, " 

VVestport, Ky 

I'harleston, la 

Utica, '• 

Jetiersonville, " 

LouisyiLLK, Ky 

Shippiugsport, '* 

Portland, " 

New Albany, (opposite,) la 

Salt River, Ky.. 

AVest Point, " 

Brandenburg, " 

Mauksport la 

Level) worth, " 

Fred(jnia, " 

Rome, " 

Stevensport, Ky 

Cloverport. " 



105 



Pi 

•>&;';£■= lis feOfeS 



264 



613 855 



5^3 835 



1374 1675 1780 

"I " ! ■ 

1352 1653,17 

"1 "I 
1336 1637 1742 
133216331 
587 8291326162711732 
583 825 1322 1623 1728 



807 



67 204 575: 81711314 1615 1720] 747 
551 192, 563 805 1302 1603 1708 735 



47 184! 555) 

41: 178 549 

38, 175| 546 

30 167 538, 

26, 163 534 

19, 1.j6, 527 

10, 147' 518 

5, 142 513 

2 i:« 510 

0, 137; 5U8 



797 1294 15951700 727 

79M--'88 Li89 16941 721 

7S8 1285 lo86 1691 718 

780 1277 1578 1683! 710 

776 1273 1574 1679. 706 

769 1266 1567 16:2' 699 
760il2.>7 1558 1663! 



1252 1553 1658 

1249 1550 1655 

750 1247 1548 1653 



16 121; 492, 734'1231'15321637 

23; 114 485' 72711224 15251630 

27 110 489 723 1220 1521 1626 

36! 101 472 714 121115121617 

49 88 459 701119814991604 „... 

58' 79 450 692 1189149015951 622 

59! 78 449: 691 1188 14^9 1594 621 

68! 69,440 682117914801585 612 



685 



657 



74 63 434 676 1173 1474 1579 

"I "i "I "I "I " i " 
89 48! 419, 661 1158 1459 1564 



594 98' 
602 lOt: 



609 


113 


24 


395 


616 


120 


L 


388 


625 


129 


« 


3,9 


632 


136 


1 


372 


m 


137 


(. 


371 


6:-i5 


139 


2 


369 


636 


140 


3 


368 


656 


160 


23 


348 


673 


177 


40 


331 


674 


178 


41 


330 


691 


195 


58 


313 


694 


19^ 


61 


310 


729 


233 


96 


2/0 


747 


251 


114 


257 



39 410 652 
31 402 644 
637 
630 
621 
614 
613 
611 
610 

590 

573 
572 
555 



1149 1450 1555 
11411442154^ 



1493 520 



1476 503 
1475 502 



1371 

1370 

_,. 1052 1353 1458 485 

5521049 13501455 482 

517jl014jl315|1420 447 

499' 996129711402 429 



-^^4R0UTES OX THE OHIO & MISSISSIPPI RIVERS. 



Names of Placbs. 



Hiiwesville, Ky 

iroy, 1,1 

Rockport, *' 

Owensboro', Ky .'. 

Green River," 

EVANSVILLE, la 

Heiidersuiiville, Ky 

Mt. Vernon, la 

Carthnge, Ky 

Wabash River 

R.ileish, Ky 

Shavvnektovvn, III 

Cuve-in-Rock, 

Elizabetlitown, " 

Golconda, " ., 
Cumberland River, Ky.'. , .^ 

OMITHLAND, " | " 

Tennessee River | 15 

Paducnh, Ky 

Fort Massac, ill '.'.'.;"| *' 

Caledonia, ** ' i 32 

Trinity, " ".■.■■! 10 

Cairo (at Mouth of Ohio R.) 4 

Norfolk, Mo 5 

Columbus, Ky J 13 



756 



«l .s 



123 248 



759j 2631 126 245 
775 2791 142 229 
784 288 151 220 
811 315 
819 323 



372 



^1 ^1 t -s] 



Hickman, 
New Madrid, Mo 
Riddle's Point, " 
Little Prairie, •* 
Obion River, Tenn 
Ashport, ** 

Osceola, Ark '. 

Fulton, Tenn 

Hiitchie River 

Randolph, Tenn. .. 
Greenock, Ark 



9051 409 



990 



490 987 12881393 420 
487 9841285 1390 417 
4/1; 968126913:4 401 
,-o , . '^^'^ 95912601365 392 
?^ \f- Sf. 932 1233 ia38 365 
\^. \¥\^Ii\ 92412251330, 357 
wV V-i^l^ 91412151320 347 
|21 loO m 889 1190 1295 322 
23o 136; 378 87511761281 308 
241 130 372 869 1170 1275 302 
Im J^;! §<^ 86311641269 296 
2d1 120 362 859 1160 1265 292 
2'2| 99 341 838 1139 1244 271 
280 91 333 83011311236 263 
292; 79 321 81811191224 251 
-''" 61 303 800 1101 12(16 233 



494 

1000! 504 1 3t)7 

1004 508 371 

1009 513 376 

1022 526i 389 



46; 288 



I ::i 



11911 218 



14 256 753'l054 1159' 186 
4' 246' 743 1044 1149 176 
242 739 1040 11 4o 172 
5 237| 7341035 1140 177 

18; 224 72110221127 ISO 



I 1 
10 
16 
21 
10 
14 



10 111 

1 11179 

Memphis', .Tenn:...::.;::;;;; 34 1246 

lort Pickering, ' ... 

Norfolk, Miss ..'. 

Commerce, " 

Walnut Bend, " .'.'.'.'.'." 

Peyton, " ...,.,,, 

St.. Francis River '. '. . . ..." 

Sterling, Ark 

Helena, "... . 

Daltii, Miss 

Old Town, Ark. ..■.■.■.■.■;■■ 

Victoria, Miss 

Montgomery's Point, Miss. 

H^/iite River, Ark 

Arkansas River 

Napoleon, Ark. 

Bolivar, Miss 

^^'press Bend, Miss " 

Velio w Bend, " .. 



Bl ^1 404' 33' 209: 7061007 1112 205 

10 mM w 1-^1 Z?i ??4 ^* 965 10.0 247 

- ' nm E?Q 1i-^\ .^ IB ^^ 955 1060 257 

H^ ^\^\ i'M 1<^5! 137 634 935 1040 277 

142 100 597 898 1003 314 

I54i 88, 5851 J-86 991 326 

164' 78: 575; 876 981 336 



642! 505 
8 11146 650 513 
12 1158 662 525 
10 1168 672 535 



822 

1328! 832 

1338 842 

1358 862 

1404 908 

1405 909 
1410 914 
1424 928 

1436 940 
1446 950 
1462' 966 



bJ« 545 
683 546 
716| 5791 

750 6131 

751 614 
7611 624 
777( 640 

661 
671 



772 



486 
470 
48 449 
58 4:* 
72 425 



324 82 415 

334i 92 405 

354 112 a') 

400 158 a'?9 



565 866 971 346 

564| 86ii 9T0 347 

531 832 937 380 

497 1 798 903 414 

496' 797 902 415 

"' 892 425 



21 

7061 Sll 
686 791 
6401 745 



401 159 3;^' 639; 744 
406 164 333| 6:^4; 739' 578 
420 178 319 620: 725 592 

4^ 190 307 608,' 713 604 
442 200 2971 598 7a3 614 
458 216 28ll 582 687 fi30 



ROUTES ON THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER. 



225 




Columbia, 

I'oiiit, Chicot, " ...: 

American Bend," 

Esfr's Point, Miss 

Grand J^nke Landing, Ark. 

Princeton, Miss 

Providence, La 

ToMipiiin's Bend," 

Milligan's Bend, " 

yuzou River, Miss 

VUKSBURG, " 

Warrenton, " 

C'lirthage, La 

Big Black River, Wiss. .. . 

(iRANOGULF, " ... 

Bniinsburg, " 

Rodney, " ... 

jNixTCHEZ, " ... 

Vulalia, (opposite,) La 

Homuckitto River, Miss 

i'ort Adarns, " 

Red River, La 

Tunica Bend, Miss 

St. Francisville, La. ... 
Point Conpee, (opposite) . . 

Port Hudson 

Thomas' Point 

Baton Rouge 

Bruly Landing 

Iberville Buyou 

Plaquemiiie 

St. Gabriel Church 

Louisiana Institute 

Biiyou Lafourche 

IJONALDSONVILLE 

Convent du Sacrament 

Jerierson College 

Bonnet Quarre Church 

Red Church 

Carroliton 

Lii Fayette 

JVevv Orleans 

BatUe around 

Fort St. Leon 

Fort St. Philip 

SoutheiLst Pass 

Balize 



27 1489 9931 856 485; 

5 11494 998 861 "" 

20 11514 lOlsl 881 510, 

5 1519 1023; 886 5151 

12 15311035! 898 527 

3 1534'1038| 901 530 

29 1563 10671 930l 559' 

15 1578 1082: 945} 574 

26 1604 1108, 971' 600 

20 11624 1128! 991' 620 

12 11636 1140 1003; 632 

10 .1646 1150 1013 642 

9 165511591022; 651 

36 169111951058; 687i 

1 116921196 1059: 688: 

10 ,170212061069; 698 



17121216,1079, 708 

17431247 1110 7a9' 

I787!l29l'll54 783 

179711301 1164 793; 

1808131211751 804 

18411134512081 837 

18<>8'1372 1235 864 

1879 1383 1246' 875' 

1887 13911254 883i 

1904 114081271, 900, 

i9io;i4i4 1277. ma 

1919ll423 1286 915' 

1927J 1431 1294 923 

10 1937'l441 1304 933 

12 194914531316 945 

12 lil61 1465 1328 957 

1 ; 1962 1466 1329 958 



254 I 555 

249 550 

229 530 

224 52.5 

212 513 

209 510 

180 481 

165 466 

139, 440 

119, 420 

107 408 
97 



52 353 
51' 352 
41 342 
31 332 
301 



12 197^ 1478 



197811482 
2002 '1506 
20181522 
203811542 
2042; 1546 
2044 11548 
2048' 1552 



1341 970 
1345 974 



1385 



633 136 
64il 144 
658 161 
664 167 
673, 176 
681, 184 
691 1 194 
703 206 

715 218 

716 219 
728, 231 
732, 235 
756 259 
772 275 



295 



660 657 
655 6b'2 
635| 682 
630i 697 
618: 6*99 
615 702 
586 731 
571 1 746 
5451 772 
525 792 
5131 804 
503i 814 
494 1 823 
458, 859 
457 860 
447 1 870 
4371 880 
4061 311 

362! 955 
3521 965 
341 976 
3081009 
28i;i036 

27o!l047 
262 1055 
24511072 
23911078 
230 1087 
222 1095 
212 1105 
200 1117 
1881129 
187 1130 
175 1142 
171 1146 
147 1170 



374' 73 
396 95 
406 105 



1186 
1206 
1210 
1212 
1216 
1229 
1285 
1307 
11317 



226 



ROUTES OX THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER. 



(RoiiTK i 



Names of Places. 






O 2 
03 a 



li ^ 



Falls of St. Anthony 

Fort Snklling 

/at. Peter's River , 

Maiden's Rock 

Lake Pepin 

Prairie du Chien 

lVi<icousin River , 

Cassville, Wis , 

Peril, " 

Dl'buque, Iowa 

Fever River, 111 , 

Bellview, Iowa , 

Savannah, III 

Charleston, " 

Lyons, " 

New York, " 

Albany, " 

Rock Island 

Rock Island City 

Rock River, III 

Davenport, (opposite.) Iowa.. 
Blooinington, " .... 

New Boston, 111 

Oquawka, " 

Burlington, Iowa 

Madison, '* 

Montrose, " 

Nauvoo, III 

Keokuk, Iowa 

Des JHuines River 

Warsaw, III 

Quinoy, " 

Hannibal, Mo 

Louisiana, " 

Clarksville, " .■.■;.■.■; 

Hamburg, 111 

Illinois River 

Grafton, III 

Alton, " 

Missouri River 

St. Louis, Mo 

Jefferson Barracks, Mo 

Harrisonville, III 

Herculaueum, Mo 

Selma, " 

St. Genevieve, *' 

Kaskaskia River, III '. 

Chester, " 

Bainbridge, Mo 

Cape Girardeau, " 

Commerce, " 

Cairo, (at Mouth of Ohio R.) 



2049 1944 lt)43 

1 12042 1937 1636 

66 1976:1871 1570 

175 1801 1696 1395 
4 11797 1692 1391 
25 :1772 1667 1366 

21 1751 1646 1345 
8 1743 1638 133" 

17 1726 1621 1320 

7 1719 lbl4 1313 

19 17001595 1294 

2 16981593 1292 
15 168315781277 

2 1681 1576 1275 
7 11674 156-9 1268 
" I *' I " " 
52 16221517 1216 
^1 16211516 1215 

27 il594 1489 1188' 

23 1571 1466 1165 

19 15521447 1146 

13 1539 1434' 1133 

22 1517 14121111 
^9 lc^l4031W2 

12 1496 1391 1090 



1146 904 
1139, 897 

1073' 831 

898' 656 

894 652 

869 627 

848 606 

840 598 

823 581 

816 574 

7971 555 

795 553 

780 538 

778 536 

771; 529; 



J I 



732 510 
725 503 



480 258 
455 233 
434 212 
426 204 
409 18' 
402 180 
383 161 
381 159 
366> 144 
142 
135 



719' 477 
718' 476 



691| 449' 277 
668 1 426' 254 
649! 407 235 
636 394 222 
614 372 200 

mb m 191 

593 351 179 



4 


1492 


34 


145}- 


13 


144o 


20 


1425 


11 


1414 


15 


1399 



1387 
1&3 
1340 
1320 
1309 
- J294 
41 ! 1358 1253 
2 13561251 
19 133711232 
13351230: 
1317 1212 
1308 1203 
1289 1184: 
1287 1182 
12831178 
1258 1153 

16 12421137' 
45 1197 1092 
12 llgj 1080 
12 1173 1068 
28 11451040 



1086 589 

1052 555 

1039 542 

1019 522 

1008 511 



993 


496 254 


952 


455 213 


95(1 


4.53 211 


931 


434 192 


929 


432 190 


911 


414 172 


902 


405 163 


«H3 


386 144 


881 


384 142 


k;7 


380 138 


852 


355 j 113 


836 


339 97 



347 175 47 
313 141 81 
300 128 94 

280 108 114 
97| 12.3 
82 140 

41; 181 

39: 183 
201 202I 
18 204 
222 
9 231 
28 250 
30 252 
34 256 
59 281 1 






315 

1791 427 
180, 428 

207! 455 
230 478 
249 497 
262 510 
284 532 
^3 »11 

335 ^3 

309 557 

343 591 

356 604 

376 624 

387 635 

402 650 

443 691 

4451 693 

464 712 

466 714 

484 732 

493 741 

512 760 

514 76-2 

518 766 

543 791 



7911 294 
779 282 
767! 2701 
739- 242! 



297 »-)9 807 

342 604 8-52 

40 132 354 6161 864 

28 144 366 628 876 

01 172; 394; 6561 904 



DISTANCES ON THE MISSOURI RIVER, 



COUNCIL BLUFFS TO THE GULF OF MEXICO 
(Route 622) 



Names of Places. 



C C ' ■- — 






s s! ttj o (i; 



Council Bluffs 

Bellview Trading-house 40 

Platte River ! \'4 

Fi ve-bii rrel Isliind I la 

Upper Oven Island 1 12 

] jower Oven Island | J^ 

Fair Sun Island 

Little J\l^ema/inw River 

JVishnebotna River 

Grand JVenuihaw River 

mdf River 

jMuutk of JVodaway River. . . . 

y t. Joseph 

Weston 

Fort Lkvknworth 

Little Platte Rioer 

Kujisiis River Landing 

Independence, Mo 

Liberty Landing 

Sibley 

Camden 

Lexington 

Grand River 

Chariton 

BOONVILLE 

Franklin, (opposite) 

Rockport 

Mt. Vernon 

Marion 

Jefferson City 

Osage River 

Pinckney 

Griswold, (opposite) 

Newport 

St. Charles 

Mouth of Missouri River . . . 



2002 1897 
40 19ti2 1857 
52 19.J0184o 
67 1935 1830 
79 1923 1818 
83 1919 1814 
106 1896 1791 
122 1880 1775 
134 1868 1763 
159 18431738 
177 1820 1720 
193 1809 1704 
207 1795 1690 
267 1735 1630 
274 1728 162:3 
294 1708 1603 
304 1698 1593 
316 1686 1581 
319 16831578 
340 16621557 
359 1643 153S 
377 1625 1520 
427 15751470 
447 1555' 1450 
477 1525 1420 



1596 1099 


857 685' 


1556i 105y 


817 645 


1544 1047 


805' 633 


1529 1032 


790' 618 


1517 1020| 778 606 


1513 1016! 774 602 


1490 993i 751 579 


1474! 997 735 563 


1462 965' 723 551 


1437 940 698 526 


141S 9221 680 508 


1403| 906 664' 492 
13891 892 650 : 478 


132!9 832, 590 418 


1322 825 583 411 


1302, 8O5I 563: 391 


12^12; 795i 553i 381 


12801 783, 541: 369 


1277 780' 538: 366 


125«l 75^: 5171 345 


1237- 740 


498; 326 



1219 722 
1169; 672 
1149! 652 
1119 622 



430 258 
410i 238 



1175; 1671 
113511631 
11231619 
11081604 
10961592 
1092 1588 
1069 1565 
1053:1549 
1041 1537 
I016jl512 
99811494 
982 1478 
968; 14W 
908 1404 
9011397 
8811377 
871 ; 1367 
859 1355 
856 1352 
835 1331 
816 1312 
7981294 
748 1244 
7281224 
698 1194 



487 151514101109 
497|l505il4001099 
514 148813831082 
530 147213671066 
540 1462,1357,1056 
591141113061005 
" i " " " 
59914031298 997 
647,13551250 949 
6671133511230 929 



612 370 198 688 1184 

6021 360 ; 188 678 1174 

585 343 171 661 1157 

569 327 155 645 1141 



559; 317 

508 m 

500' 258 
452| 210 
432! 190l 



145 635 1131 

94 584 1080 

..| .. , .. 

86 576 1072 
38 5281024 
18! 508il004 



CANALS IN THE UNITED STATES. 



MAINE. 

CUMBERLAND AND OXFORD 
CANAL. 

From Portland— I I 1501 

To Seb-igo Pond ,20| 30 

Long Pond |9i:30 I 

NEW HAMPSHIRE. 

BOW CANAL. 



Around Bow Falls, Merri- 

niac River 

Canai. ar'd Hookset Fulls.. 

" *' Anioskeag " .. 

" " Union " .. 

" " Seawell's " .. 



3-4 m. 
1-8 " 
1 

9 " 
1-4 " 



VERMONT. 

Bellows Falls Canal — 1-2 m. 1. 
There are two others, designed to 
overcome obstructions in the Con- 
necticut Jliver. 

MASSACHUSETTS. 

MIDDLESEX CANAL. 

Boston to Lowell 27 m. 1. 

HAMPSHIRE & HAMPDEN CANAL. 
Connecticut Line to North- 
ampton 22 m. 1. 

BLACKSTONE CANAL. 

Providence to Worcester 45 m. 1. 

MONTAGUE CANAL. 
Around Falls in Connecticut 

River 3 m. I. 

SOUTH HADLEY CANAL. 
Around Falls nt S. Hadley, 
Connecticut River 2 m. 1. 

RHODE ISLAND. 

BLACKSTONE CANAL. 
Providence to Worcester 45 m. I. 

CONNECTICUT. 

FARMINGTON CANAL. 
From New Hnven to the n'th 

line of the Stiite 5f) m. 1. 

See Hampshire and Hampden Ca- 
nal, Mass. 

ENFIELD CANAL. 
Connecticut River 5i m. 1. 



NEW YORK. 

ERIE CANAL. 
From Albany— 

To Port Schuyler 

West Troy 

Junction Champlain Canal. 

Cu/iaes 

Tjower Aqueduct 

Willow Springs 

Upper Aqueduct 

SCHENKCTADY 

Rfitterdam 

Philip's Locks 

Amsterdam 

Schoharie Creek 

Smithto wn 

Fultonville 

Big Nose 

Spraker's Basin 

CaNA JOHARIE 

Fort Plain 

St. Johnsville 

East Canada Creek 

Indian Castle 

Little Falls 

Herkimer 

Frankfort 

Utica, (Jun. Chenango C.) 

Whitesboro 

Rome, (June. Black R. C.) 

Wood Creek Aqueduct I 

Hawley 's Basin 

New London.... ■ 

Hiffgins, (Junction Oneidal 

Luke Canal) 

Oneida Creek 

Canastota j 

New Boston i 

Chittenango 1 

Kirkville 

IManlius i 

Syracuse, (June. Oswegoi 

Canal) \ 

Geddes 

Camillus 

Canton 

Jordan 

Weedsport 

Port Byron 

Montezuma, (June. Ca 

yuga and Seneca Canal) 

Clyde 

Lock Berlin , 

Lyons 

Lockville 

Port Gibson 

Palmyra , 

Way neport 



1364 
6a58 
7357 
9355 

10354 

131351 

19 " 

26 

30 

39 

44 

4 



71 64 
2. 66 
3 
3 72 

5177 
41 81 
2183 



6101 
9110 
4 114 
II 12 
212: 
212P 
3132 



5141223 
5 146 218 
4150 214 
3 153 211 
5 1581206 
4,162 202 



9171 
2173 
179 
184 
190 
196 
199 



R 205 159 
11216148 

5 221 143 
4 225139 

6 231 133 

4 235129 

5 240 124 

7 247.117 



CANALS IN THE UNITED STATES. 



229 



Fairport 

Pittsford 

RocHKSTER, (June. Gen- 

esee Valley Canal) 

Brockway's 

Adams' Biisin 

Brockport 

Holley 

Uulberton 

Albion 

Eagle Harbor 

Knowiesville 

Medina 

Middleport 

Gospurt 

LOCKPORT 

Pendleton 

Tonawdiida 

Black Rock 

Buffalo 



fi 


252 


1121 






105 I 


10 


2fi9 


95 


ioi2/y 


St 


612841 80 1 





m 


75 1 



New Bridge 

Phoenix 

Fulton 

Braddock's Rapid. 
Oswego 



81 13 25 



5i2M4| 70 
4:298; 6<o 
6 304 I bO 

3 307 57 

4 311 53 
4 315 49 

6 321 43 
5326 38 

7 333 31 
7 340 24 

12 352| 12 
9 361 3 
33641 



CHAMPLAIN CANAL. 



CHEMUNG CANAL. 
From Seneca Lake— I 01 

To Havana 

Millport I 6 

Fairport 7i 

Elmira | 6 

Corn ing 10 

Feeder, {.Chemung Canal. 

Fairport 

Miller's Basin 

Head of Feeder 

Corning 



O: 33 

4 29 

lO: 23 

17 1 16 

23 10 

33l 

) 



From Albany— 

To West Troy 

Junction 

Watkrford 

Mechanicsville 

Stillwater Village 

Schuylerville 

Fort Miller 

Fort Edward 

Glenn's Falls Feeder. 

Smith's Basin 

Fort Ann 

Comstock's Landing. 

W^HITEHALL 





7 

9 
12 
20 
24 

37 
41 1 32 
49i 24 
51 1 22 
57 16 
61 12 
65i 8 
73 



CROOKED LAKE CANAL. 

From Dresden— 10' 01 8 

ToPennYan 7 1 

Crooked Lake |l 81 

GENESEE VALLEY CANAL. 

From Rochester— I 01 01 52 

iTo Scottsville 12 40 

ISuckeft's Basin 10 22 30 

JMt. Morris 15 37 15 

.Shaker Settlement | 4 41 11 

IDansville Ill 52l 

DELAWARE AND HUDSON CANAL. 

'From Eddyv 



CHENANGO CANAL. 



From Utica— 

To Clinton 

Deansville 

Orisknny Falls . 

Boucksville 

Hamilton 

Sherburne 

North Norwich 

Norwich 

Oxford 

Huyne's Mill... 

Green 

Forks 

Port Crane 

BiNGHAMTON .. 



41 
45 

51; 46 
60 37 
70 27 

74 23 
82 15 

89 8 
97l 



CAYUGA AND SENECA CANAL. 
From Montezuma — 

To Seneca River 

Seneca Falls 

Waterloo 

Geneva 

Lateral Canal to E. Cayuga 

Village 

OSWEGO CANAL. 
From Syracuse— 

To Salina 

Liverpool 









21 





5 


16 


5 


10 


11 


4 


14 




7 


21 





2 23' 


01 01 38 


ol 2136 


S 


5 


33 



ToGreenkill 

Hornbeck's Bridge , 

Head of Fond 

Hnrdenburgh's Basin 

Rosedale 

Marble Quarries 

Mechanicsville , 

Hasbrouk's Basin 

Allegerviile 

Stonykill Aqueduct 

Port Jackson 

Middleport 

Port Benjamin 

Ellenville 

Penny's Basin 

PhiJipsnort 

Beatysburg 

Sneed's Basin 

Brownville 

Tunnel Hill 

Neversink Aqueduct 

Port Jarvis 

Bolton 

Tucker's Aqueduct 

Craigsville 

Bnrryville 

Delaware Dam 

Pennsylvania Section. 
Mouth ofLackawaxen... 

Rowland ville 

Blue Eddy 

Punch Camp 



1 10 
3 13 
3 16 



8 


60 


4 64 




71 




75 




79 




83 


' 1 


84 


5 


89 


3 


9« 


' 4 


96 



230 



CANALS IN THE UNITED STATES. 



Jones' Rift 

Newcastle 

Bench Flat 

HONESDALE ... 



NEW JERSEY. 

JMORRIS CANAL. 
From Jersey City— 

To Newark 

Hloomtield 

Paterson 

Little Falls 5 

Beavertown 6 

Miintville 4 

Boonton, (Jersey Iron- w'ks) 2 

Kockaway 6 

Dover " | 4 

Drakesville 7 

Feeder, (Hopatcong Lake)! 3 

btaiihope 2| 

Old Aiidover "." 2; 

Saxon's Falls 

llackettstown , 

Andersoiitovvn 7 

Port Golden .'.;;; 3 

Washington 2 

New Village 7 

Greenwich ', fj 

Green's Pund C 

Delaware River 2 

Easton, Pa ', I 



0102 
10 92 

171 85 
25! 77, 
30! 72 1 
36 66; 
40 62 
42 60; 
48 54!' 
52 50: 
59: 43! 
62: 40 i 
64* 38' 
66' 36, 
3' 69 33 
4 73 29 
80 22 
831 19; 
85 17 
92! 10 
98 
98 4 
100 li 
102i 



DELAWARE AND RARITAN CANAL, 
From New Brunswick— 

lo Boundbrook 

Millstone 

(iriggstown 

Rocky Hill ;:;;; 

Kingston 

Williamsburg 

Trenton 

Bordentown ' 



0| 

12' 31 

19 24 

, 21 22 

2 23 20 

91 



II! 37 6 
6 43 

This Canal has a navigable feeder, 
<J3 mues long, extending from Trenton 
to Saxtonsville, on the Delaware riv. 

PENNSYLVANIA. 

PENNSYLVANIA CANAL. 
Central Division. 



From Columbia — 

T( Marietta 

Bainhridge 

Falmouth 

Middletown 

High Spire T 

IIarrisburg 

Blue Mountain Gap 

Dauphin 

Duncan's Island 

Newport 

IVIillerstown 

Thompsontown 

Mexico 



jMifflintown , 

Lewistown 

Way nesburg ..., 

Aughwick Falls '. 

Hiuitingdon 

Petersburg '. 

Alexandria 

Water Street 

Yellow Springs 

FVankstown 

HOLLIDAYSBURG ...... 

MLeghany &,■ Portage RR. 

feumtnit 

Wilmore 

Summer Hill 

Johnstown 

r '^''?/'',r'J J^ivis'ion. "" 

Laurel Hdl Gap 

Lockport 

Chesnut Hill .....'.'.'.'.'.'.'."!; 

Blairsville . 

Siiltzburg 

Wa rreuto wn ." .' .' .' .' 

Leech burg ' ' ' '. 

Alleghany Aqueduct!!.'.'..'.' 

Ireeport 

Taren tu m ! ! ! ! ! 

Sharpsburg .- !!!!!! 

Pittsburg !!!!!! 



I 4| 7515 
14 89 i 



41271 



Susquehanna Division 

Diverges from the main line at Dun- 

can s Island, 15 miles above Har- 

risburg, and extends to Northum- 

berland, 40 miles, 

fVest Branch Division 
Extends from Northumberl.'ind to 
l-arrandsville, 75 miles, to the bitu. 
minous coal region. 

J^Torth Branch Division 
Extends from Northumberland to 
Lackawanna, 73 miles, reaching 
nito the anthracite coal region. 
Delaware Division. 
Extends from Bristol to Easton. fiO 
miles,— canal chiefly used for the 
transportation of coal. 
T'he Beaver Division, Erie Exten- 
sion, A-c, 
Continue the line of Canal from Pitts, 
burg to Erie, a distance of 136 m. 

SCHUYLKILL NAVIGATION CO.M- 

PANY. 

Canals and Locks, produci.ng slnck 

water navigation— from Philadel- 

phia to Port Carbon, 108 miles. 

LEHIGH NAVIGATION COMPANY. 
Like the Schuylkill Navigation Co., 
is used for a descending navigation, 
—from the (ireat Falls to Easton; 
distance, 84 miles. 



CANALS IN THE UNITED 'STATES. 



231 



UNION CANAL 
Extends from Reading to Middle- 
town, on the Susquehanna river ; 
distance, 82 miles. 

SUSQUEHANNA CANAL 

Extends from Wrightsville, opposite 
Columbia, Susquehanna river, to 
Havre de Grace, Md. ; distance, 45 
miles. 

DELAWARE. 

CHESAPEAKE AND DELAWARE 
CANAL. 

From Delaware City to Back Creek, 
Md. ; distance, 14 miles. 

MARYLAND. 

CHESAPEAKE AND OHIO CANAL. 
Completed from Georgetown, D. C, 
to Hancock, 136 miles. At the 
south end it has been extended to 
Alexandria, a distance of 7i miles. 



VIRGINIA. 

JAMES RIVER CANAL 
Extends along the river from Rich- 
mond to Lynchburg ; distance, 146 
miles. 

DISMAL SWAMP CANAL 
Extends from Deep Creek to Joice's 
Creek, a branch of Pascotank riv- 
er, entering Albemarle sound, N.C. 
—23 miles long. 

NORTH CAROLINA. 

WELDON CANAL 
Extends around the falls of the Roan- 
oke, from Weldon to Blakely, — 
length, 12 miles. 

CLUBFOOT AND HARLAW CANAL, 
Near Beaufort li m. 1. 

SOUTH CAROLINA. 

SANTEE CANAL 
Extends from Charleston to Santee 
river, 22 miles. 

WINYAW CANAL, 

Prom Winy aw bay to a branch of 
Santee river, 7i miles. 

The navigation of the Catawba 
river has been improved by 5 short 
canals, having an aggregate length ot 
Hi miles. 



GEORGIA. 

BRUNSWICK CANAL 
Extends from Brunswick to the Ala- 
tamaha river, 12 miles. 

ALABAMA. 

MUSCLE SHOALS CANAL 
Is designed to overcome an obstruc- 
tion ni the Tennessee river— length, 
351 miles. 

HUNTSVILLE CANAL. 
From Huntsville to Trinnia, on Ten 
nessee river,— length, 16 miles. 

LOUISIANA. 

BARATARIA CANAL. 

It extends from New Orleans to Bayou 

Terre Bonne,— 21 miles of csinal, 

and 25 of lake and stream naviga. 

tion. 

LAKE VERRET CANAL 
Extends from La Fourche Bayou to 
Lake Verret, 9 miles. 

ORLEANS BANK CANAL 

Extends from New Orleans to Lnke 

Pontchartrain, a distance of 6 miles. 

KENTUCKY. 

LOUISVILLE & PORTLAND CANAL. 

It is 2^ miles long, and sufficiently 
capacious for the passage of the 
largest steamboats, which cannot 
puss the Rapids, except in the sea- 
sons of high floods. 

Kevtucky River JSTavieation, 
Licking River Navigation, and 
Green River JVavigation, 
Are improvements in the above riv- 
ers, by means of locks and dams. 

OHIO. 

OHIO CANAL. 

From Cleveland- 01309 

To Rnthbun's Lock 5 304 

Mill Creek 4 9 300 

.Tinker's Creek 4 132W 

Pinery Feeder 4 17 292 

! Boston 4 21 288 

Peninsula 3 24 285 

Niles 6 30 279 

Old Portage 2 32 277 

I North Akron 5 37 272 

i South Akron 1 38271 

New Portiige 6 44 265 

IWolf Creek Lock 3 47 262 



232 



CANALS IN THE UNITED STATES. 



Clinton 5 

Fulton 4 6(3 

Wellmim's Mills 5 

MassillDn 4 65 S 

Na va rre and Bethlehem 6 71 . 

Bolivar 

Zoar 

Jennings' Bridge - -- 

Dover I 7 93 

Lockport 4 9/ 

Newcastle 2 99 

Trenton ! 4lU3 

Gnadenhutten 1 o '08 

Port Washington j 4 112 

Newcomerslown ' 6 118 

Evansbnrg I 4 122 

Lewisville 10132 

Roscoe ,^ ]^ 

Adams' Mill 10l4o 

Webbsport 4149 

Hiirtf..rd's d]b2 

Frazersburg 4}^ 

Nashport b 161 

Licking Dam oj66 

Lickingtown 4170 

Newark 61/b 

Granville Feeder 5181 

Hebron 4185 

Licking Summit 4189 

Millersport 2191 

Baltimore 5196 

Havensport 6 202 

Carroll 2204 

Lockville 2206 

Waterloo 32o9 

Rayneysport o2l4 

Lockbourne 7;221 

Holmes' Landing 3 224 

Millport and Bloomfield 4 228 

Circleville 8236 

Westfall 5241 

Yellowbud 5246 

DeerCreek 42.j0 

Anderson vilie 2 252 

Clinton Mills 4J256 

Chiliicothe 2 2o8 

Tomlinson's 6264 

Stony Creek 3 267 

Head of Big Bottom 2\2m 

ShHronville 7 ^76 

Waverly 4 280 

Trimble's Bridge 8 283 

Jasper 3 286 

Howard's Lnck 5 291 

Cutter's Stntion 3 294 

BrushCreek 7301 

Portsmouth 8309 



WALHONDING CANAL. 

From Roscoe— 

To Crooked Run Bridge ... 

Walhonding Dam 

Warsaw 

Darling's Bridge 

Butler's Lower ('rossing ... 
Butler's Upper Crossing — 












2 


4 


6 


2 


8 


S 


n 


?. 


IS 


2 


15 



Walhonding (town) '3118' 7 

Cummings' Bridge i 3i 21 4 

Mohican Dam 2 23 2 

ROCHESTKR I 2l 25i 



HOCKING CANAL. 

From Carroll— 1 

To Lancaster ' 

Reams' Mills : 

Rush Creek i 

Green's Mill 

Hocking Falls ' 

Logan ; 

P.iltonsville 1 

Seven-mile Run 

Nelsonville 

Monday Creek 

Chauiicey 

Athens 



0] 56 
9 47 
14, 42 
16 40 



28 28 

ai 22 

36 20 

41 15 

44 12 

49; 7 

56 



MIAMI CANAL. 
From Cincinnati — 

To Lockland 

Hamilton Side-cut 

Middletown 

Franklin 

Miamisburg 

Carrol Iton 

Alexandria 

Dayton 

in and out of Hamilton 
Basin 



01 01 66 
12 54 
16l 28! 38 
13 411 25 
6i 47 19 
6 53 13 



56 10 

^1\ ? 



m 



MIAMI CANAL EXTENSION. 



From Dayton— 
To Tippecanoe 

Troy 

Piqua 

Loramie's Feeder , 

liOckport. 

Newp(jrt 

Be 

Minster 

Bremen 

St. Mary's Feeder. 

St. Mary's 

Deep Cut 

Junction* 



0'115 
14101 
211 94 
30' 85 
33 82 
36 79 
48 67 
53 62 
56 59 
59 56 
65 50 
67 48 
80 3n 
115 



* See Wabash and Erie Canal, la. 

WARREN COUNTY CANAL. 

From Lebanon— 01 19 

To Whitehill's Mills 41 1.5 

Union Villnge Landing 4 8 11 

Middletown 11 19 



SIDNEY FEEDER. 
From Lockport— I 0' 

ToSidney Oj 81 

Port Jefferson I 51 13l 

ST. Mary's feeder. 



From St. Mary's Feeder— 

To East Bank 

Montezuma 

Celina 



0! 13 



CANALS IN THE UNITED STATES. 



233 






91 


K 


Hh 


16 


75 


% 


fio 


m 


55 


4H 


4H 


h-A 


;hh 


58 


33 



111 79: 12 

861 5 
9ll 



MUSKINGUM IMPROVEMENT. 
From Dresden— j 

To Simm's Creek 1 

Zanesville 10 

Tiiyliirsville and Duncan's, 

Falls. 10 

Rdkeby and P^agleport 10 

M'Conriellsviile and Malta.] 7 

Windsor ilO 

Luke's Chute ! 5 

Beverly and Waterford ....llOl 

Lowell , , 

Devon's 7 

Mariktta and Harmar .. I 51 

INDIANA. 

WABASH AND ERIE CANAL. 
From Miinliattan, Ohio— 

ToToledo 

Port Miami 

Maumee City 

VVaterville 

Otsego 

Providence 

Damascus 

Napoleon 

Florida 

Independence 

Defiance 

Junction 

Reservoir 

Antwerp 

State Line 

fndiiina Division. 

State Live 

Indiana City, la 

Fairport 

Lewiston 

Fort Wayne 

Aboite 

Huntington 









88 


4 


84 


8 12 


76 1 


1 


13 


75 


5 


18 


70 


7 


25 


63 


5 


30 


58 


6 36 


52 


8, 44 


44 


8 52 


36, 


5 


57 


31 


4 


61 


27 1 


V 


70 


18 


11 


81 


7 


3 


84 


4 


4 


88 











143 


Oj 3140 




3 8135 


12 20 123 


12 32111 


16 


48 


951 



Utica 

LaGros 

Wabash 

Peru 

Lewisburg . . . 

LOGANSPORT 

Amsterdam . . 

Lock port 

Carroljton 

Delphi 

Americus 

La Fayette 



9' 57 
5 62 
61 68 

15l 83 
8' 91 



86 

81 

75 

eo 

52 
44 
9108 35 
6 114 29 
6 120, 23 
5125 18 
8133 10 
101143 



WHITEWATER CANAL, 
From Lawrenceburg— I 



To Hardingsburg. 
Elizabetbtown , 

Harrison 

New Trenton.., 
Brookville ., 
Laurel City — 

Connersville 

Cambridge ... 



01 68 
2i; 65 

6 62 
14 54 
20 48 
31 37 
45 23 
55 13 
68 



ILLINOIS. 

ILLINOIS AND MICHIGAN CANAL. 

From Chicago— 10 0]100 

ToCanalport 4l 96 

Summit 8 12 88 

DesPlaines 10 22| 78 

Keepotaw I 5 271 73 

Lockport 1 5 32| 68 

JoLiET I 6 38 62 

Dupage River ,10 48 52 

Dresden 4 52 48 

Morrisiana I 9 611 39 

Clarksou 4 65' 35 

Marseilles 12 77 23 

Ottawa 8 85 15 

Utica 9 94 6 

La Salle ! 4 98 2 

Peru I 2100 



C 311 



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